Ama-biofuel asethuthukile angenile engxoxweni yamandla njengenye indlela ebalulekile yokunciphisa i-carbon footprint yezokuthutha ngaphandle kwesidingo sokushintsha ingqalasizinda ekhona noma izimoto. Lezi zinto ezibaswayo, ezikhiqizwa ngemfucumfucu yezinto eziphilayo ezingezona ezokudla—njengokuthenwa, izinsalela zehlathi, uwoyela osetshenziwe, noma ngisho ne-algae—zinenzuzo yokungaphazamisi uchungechunge lokudla kwabantu noma ukushintsha kokusetshenziswa komhlaba okubi, ukugxekwa okubili okuphindaphindayo kwama-biofuels avamile.
Ukushintsha kwamandla sekuphenduke inqubo ye-multidimensional Okungukuthi, ngokochwepheshe kanye nezinhlangano ezifana ne-Repsol Foundation kanye ne-Carlos III University yaseMadrid, okuzokwenzeka kuphela uma kusetshenziswa izixazululo ezihlukene zobuchwepheshe, okuhlanganisa ukufakwa okukhulu kwezibaseli ezivuselelekayo. Lawa mafutha angahlanganiswa ngokushesha ohlelweni lwamanje lokuhamba kanye namandla, kusetshenziswa ingqalasizinda yezokuthutha ekhona, kusukela eziteshini zesevisi kuya kumapayipi, ngaphandle kokudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okwengeziwe noma isikhathi sokuzivumelanisa nezimboni.
Enye yezinzuzo ezinhle ze Ama-biofuel asethuthukile asekusebenziseni kwawo izinto eziningi kanye namandla okukhipha ikhabhoni ngokushesha.. Angasetshenziswa ngaphandle kokuguqulwa ezinjinini zamanje ezivuthayo, kokubili emikhakheni yezimoto nezasolwandle kanye neyokundiza, ngaleyo ndlela kube lula ukuncipha okukhulu kokukhishwa kwegesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ukukhiqizwa kwayo kuthuthukisa umnotho oyindilinga, kuqhakambisa imfucuza yezinto eziphilayo kanye nokugwema ukunqwabelana kwayo noma ukushiswa kwayo, okuthuthukisa umnotho wendawo kanye nokuvuselelwa kwezimboni ezindaweni zasemakhaya noma eziwohlokayo.
Izindlela zobuchwepheshe zokuthola lawa mafutha zihlukene: kusukela ku-hydrotreatment yamafutha asetshenzisiwe, asetshenziswa emikhiqizweni efana nodizili ovuselelekayo, ukuvutshelwa ukuze kukhiqizwe i-bioethanol, ukugaya kwe-anaerobic (okukhiqiza i-biogas ne-biomethane), i-pyrolysis, kanye ne-gasification ye-lignocellulosic biomass. Inqubo ngayinye iguqula imfucuza etholakalayo ibe amandla ahlanzekile, anenani eliphezulu ngokwezinga eliphezulu elingenzeka.
ISpain ibekwe njengelinye lamazwe anesikhundla esikhulu sobuholi kuma-biofuels athuthukile ngenxa yenhlanganisela yezinto ezihlukanisayo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi insada yemfucuza yezolimo nezamahlathi, indwangu yezimboni, kanye nenethiwekhi yezindawo zokuhlanza ezilungiselelwe ukuguqulwa zibe izikhungo zamandla amaningi. Ukutshalwa kwezimali ku-R&D kanye nokutholwa kwezimali zase-Europe kuqinisa isikhundla se-Spain njengomholi wase-Europe ku-bioeconomy kanye ne-biocircularity.
Umfutho waseYurophu kanye namaphrojekthi wokuhamba phambili
I-European Union iyayibona indima yamasu alawa mafutha, futhi isiyalelo sayo se-RED III sidinga ukuthi ngo-2030 okungenani u-5,5% wamafutha asetshenziswa kwezokuthutha abe ama-biofuels athuthukisiwe noma izinto ezivuselelekayo ezingezona ezebhayoloji. Okuhlangenwe nakho okufana ne-Tour de Europe, lapho izimoto zihambe izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha zisebenzisa ingxube kaphethiloli evuselelekayo eningi, kubonise ukuthi ubuchwepheshe sebuvele bukhona futhi busebenza ngokwezomnotho, ngaphandle kokuthikameze izinto noma ukusebenza kwezimoto.
Ezingeni likazwelonke, i-National Integrated Energy and Climate Plan ibeka umgomo obaluleke nakakhulu: ukuzuza amandla avuselelekayo angama-28% kwezokuthutha ngo-2030. UMnyango Wezokuguqulwa Kwemvelo, nawo usebenzise izinyathelo zokulawula nezezimali ukuze kukhawulwe ukusetshenziswa kwezilimo zokudla kanye nokubeka phambili imfucuza ekukhiqizeni amandla emvelo njengokuqina kokukhiqizwa kwe-biofuel kanye nokugqugquzela ukusetshenziswa kwemvelo kwe-biofuel.
Ukuzinikela kulawa maphethiloli nakho kuhambisana ne-a ukubuyekezwa okubalulekile kokulawula kanye nentelaAbanye ohulumeni banyuse amanani amancane okuthenga ama-biofuels afana ne-biodiesel ne-bioethanol, balungisa amanani ukuze kugcinwe ukuncintisana futhi kubonise izindleko zokukhiqiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Kubekelwe iminqamulajuqu eqinile yokukhokha kule mikhiqizo, futhi emikhakheni efana nezokuthutha, kudingidwa umthelela ezindlekweni zokugcina zabathengi namabhizinisi.
Izenzo phansi azikhawulelwe kwezokuthutha ezihamba phansi. Izinkampani ezifana ne-Armas Trasmediterránea seziqalile ukusebenzisa ama-biofuel e-2G athuthukile emizileni yasolwandle, ikakhulukazi e-Canary Islands, njengengxenye yezinhlelo ezihloselwe ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwezinto ezikhishwayo kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwemikhumbi. Lezi zinhlelo zihambisana nezivumelwano zamasu nezinkampani ezikhethekile futhi ziqinisekisa ukuzibophezela emiqondisweni yaseYurophu mayelana nokusimama kwechweba nolwandle.
Umnotho oyindilinga, ukusungulwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe
Enye yezinzuzo eziyingqayizivele zama-biofuels asethuthukile igalelo lawo emnothweni oyindilinga. Ukuguqula ezolimo, ezamahlathi, imfucuza yasemadolobheni, ngisho namafutha ezilwane abe amandla Kusivumela ukuba sinciphise imithelela etholakala ekuphathweni kukadoti futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, siqinise umnotho wendawo ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwamaketango entengo amasha ahlobene nokusetshenziswa, ukucubungula, nokusabalalisa.
Izinkampani zamandla, njenge-Repsol, zizibophezele ekukhuthazeni izitshalo ezinkulu zokukhiqiza uphethiloli ovuselelekayo, njengalena esanda kuvulwa e-Cartagena noma ezayo e-Puertollano, lapho zicubungula zonke izinhlobo zemfucuza. Le ndlela eguquguqukayo, ehlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-lipid, biological, thermochemical, kanye ne-e-fuel, ifuna ukukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla nokukhuthaza ukujikeleza, isici esibalulekile sokwenziwa kabusha kwezindawo zoshintsho.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ucwaningo nokusungula izinto kudlala indima ebalulekile. Izinkundla zobuchwepheshe namanyuvesi asebenzelana eduze ukuze kuvikeleke uxhaso lwemali e-Europe kanye nokukhuthaza amaphrojekthi okulinga azokwandisa ukukhiqizwa futhi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ahlanganise amafutha e-biofuel emikhakheni ebalulekile yomnotho wezwe. Ochwepheshe bayavuma ukuthi, nakuba ukufakwa kukagesi kuzoba semqoka ekusetshenzisweni kwasemadolobheni, ama-biofuels abalulekile emikhakheni yokususa ikhabhoni njengezokuthutha ezisindayo, ezondiza, nezolwandle.
Esinye isici esibalulekile umthelela wezomnotho walawa mafutha. Ngokwezinye izilinganiso, ngokusetshenziswa kakhulu kwezinto zokusetshenziswa zasekhaya ezifana nemfucuza yezolimo nezamahlathi, Kungashintshwa kuze kufike ku-58% wemfucumfucu yemfucumfucu futhi kunciphe kakhulu ukukhishwa kwegesi, kube nomthelela ekuvuseleleni umnotho wasemakhaya.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwalawa mafutha futhi kusekelwa imithethonqubo eqinile edinga isitifiketi sokusimama kanye nokulandeleka ukuze kuqinisekiswe umsuka wawo ovuselelekayo, imfuneko yokufinyelela kokubili uxhaso nezimakethe kanye nokuhlangabezana namazinga omhlaba.
Ukuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe okuzuziwe kanye nokuba khona kwezikhungo zezimboni zokuqala ezisebenzayo kubonisa ukuthi umkhakha we-biofuels othuthukisiwe unganikeza izixazululo ezisheshayo nezingasika. Izinkampani ezinkulu zezokuthutha, abakhiqizi bezimoto, nabaqhubi bezokuthutha sebevele bawahlanganise lawa maphethiloli emikhumbini yabo, ngokuhlolwa okuqinisekisa ukuncishiswa kokukhishwa kwezinto ezikhishwayo kanye nokuhambisana ngokugcwele nemishini yamanje.
Umkhakha wezamandla ubhekene nezinselele ezinkulu, ezifana nokuvumelana nezimo zentela, isidingo sokutshalwa kwezimali, kanye nokusungulwa kwezinhlaka zokulawula ezicacile. Nokho, izimo zokutholwa kwabantu abaningi eSpain naseYurophu zivuma; ulwazi oluqoqiwe kanye nokuzibophezela ekuhlukaniseni ubuchwepheshe kuhlanganisa lawa mafutha njengento ebalulekile ekushintsheni ukuya ekuhambeni kwekhabhoni ephansi kanye nezimboni.
Uma sibheka esikhathini esizayo, ezokuthutha ngeke zithembele kuphela ekufakweni kukagesi, kodwa kuzoba yinhlanganisela yezinketho eziklanyelwe umkhakha ngamunye. Ukuze kususwe ikhabhoni kwezingxenye okunzima ukuzifaka ugesi, njengendiza noma umgwaqo omude nokuthutha olwandle, ama-biofuel asethuthukile anikeza enye indlela etholakala kalula. Ikhono labo lokunciphisa ukungcola, ukusebenzisa imfucuza, kanye nokuvuselela izindawo libabeka njengethuluzi elibalulekile ekushintsheni kwamandla.