Amandla olwandle, eyaziwa nangokuthi amandla olwandle, iwuhlobo lwamandla atholakala ngokusebenzisa ukunyakaza kwamagagasi. Lesi simo semvelo sisuka ngenxa yokukhangana kwamandla adonsela phansi phakathi koMhlaba, iNyanga kanye neLanga Igagasi liholela ekukhuphukeni nasekuweni kwezinga lolwandle kabili ngosuku, elingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza ugesi ngokusebenzisa izinjini zomoya. Umehluko ezingeni lamanzi, okuthi kwezinye izindawo ube mkhulu, ube umthombo ongabikezelwa futhi osimeme wamandla avuselelekayo.
Asebenza kanjani amandla olwandle?
Ukusebenza kwamandla olwandle kulula, futhi kunokufana okuningi namandla kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi. Inqubo iqala ngokwakhiwa kwamadamu noma amadikhi ezindaweni lapho amagagasi anomehluko ophawulekayo ekuphakameni phakathi kwamagagasi aphezulu (ukuphakama okukhulu) kanye namaza aphansi (ubude obuncane).
- Lapho amanzi ekhuphuka, amanzi agelezela echwebeni ngokusebenzisa amasango ezikhukhula avumela ukuba angene.
- Lapho amagagasi aphezulu efinyelelwe futhi amanzi amaningi esenqwabelene, amasango ayasondela ukuze avimbele amanzi ukuba ahlehle.
- Lapho igagasi liphuma, amanzi agciniwe adedelwa olwandle ngama-turbines, akhiqiza amandla kagesi.
Ama-turbines asetshenzisiwe ayahlehliswa, okusho ukuthi zivumela ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kokubili lapho igagasi likhuphuka nalapho igagasi liwa. Lolu hlelo olulula, oluyimojuli lwamasango nezinjini zomoya luyindlela ephumelelayo yokusebenzisa amandla olwandle.
Ukusetshenziswa kwala madamu akubona kuphela ubuchwepheshe obukhona. Kukhona futhi Amajeneretha wamanje we-Tidal, ezisekelwe ekusebenziseni amandla e-kinetic okugeleza kwamanzi, afana nezinjini zomoya ezingaphansi kwamanzi. Lolu hlelo olwaziwa nge-Tidal Stream Generators (TSG) lunomthelela ophansi kwezemvelo futhi lunciphisa izindleko uma luqhathaniswa namadamu esintu.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla olwandle
Isintu besilokhu sisebenzisa amandla olwandle kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. EGibhithe lasendulo, kwakusetshenziswa izindlela ezingajwayelekile ukusizakala ngokuhamba kwamanzi. EYurophu, ngekhulu le-1956, izigayo zasemanzini zase zisetshenziswa kakade. Esinye sezigayo zokugcina ukusebenza savalwa ngo-XNUMX eDevon, e-United Kingdom.
Kodwa-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zangempela zala mandla kwenzeka ngekhulu lama-1966, ngokwakhiwa kwezitshalo zamandla olwandle. Ngo-XNUMX, isibonelo, isikhungo samandla olwandle sa La Rance, eFrance, esengenye yezinkulu emhlabeni.
Tidal parks emhlabeni
Kunezindawo ezithile emhlabeni jikelele lapho amandla olwandle angasetshenziswa kahle kakhulu. Isimo sokuma komhlaba olwandle kanye nokwehluka phakathi kwamagagasi yizici ezimbili ezinqumayo. Lezi ezinye zezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu:
- I-Bay of Fundy, eCanada: Amanye amagagasi aphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni aqoshwa lapha, anomehluko ongafika kumamitha ayi-16 phakathi kwamagagasi aphezulu namaza aphansi.
- ILa Rance Bay, eFrance: Ikhaya lenye yezitshalo zokuqala zokuphehla amandla olwandle.
- I-Severn Estuary, United Kingdom: Lapho kukhona futhi amaphrojekthi athuthukile ukusizakala ngamagagasi.
Ezifundeni ezifana ne-Asia, iNingizimu Melika kanye neCaribbean, akhona namathuba okuthuthukisa okufaka izitshalo ezinamagagasi.
Amandla omsinga eSpain
ISpain inamaphrojekthi athile avelele ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe be-tidal. Yena Isikhungo seHydraulics saseCantabria Ingesinye sezikhungo zocwaningo ezifanele kakhulu kulo mkhakha. Lapha, banamathangi okuhlola lapho belingisa khona amagagasi angempela nezimo zamagagasi ukuze baqhubekisele phambili ucwaningo.
Ngo-2011, kwavulwa indawo yokuqala yokuphehla ugesi eSpain, etholakala eMotrico, eGuipúzcoa. Lesi sitshalo singakwazi ukukhiqiza amandla angu-600.000 KWh ngonyaka, okulingana nokusetshenziswa kwezindlu ezingu-600. Ngalesi sitshalo, ukukhishwa kwamakhulu amathani e-CO2 kuyagwenywa unyaka ngamunye, okulingana nomthelela wokuhlanza wehlathi elingamahektha angama-80.
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwamandla olwandle
Amandla e-Tidal anochungechunge lwe izinzuzo lokho kuyenza ibe inketho ekhangayo esikhathini esizayo:
- Iwumthombo wamandla ovuselelekayo futhi ongashi, okuncike kuphela ekudonseni kweNyanga neLanga.
- Amagagasi ukubikezela futhi uzinzile uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo njengelanga noma umoya.
- Izinsiza zikhona athule futhi ube nezindleko zokunakekela ezincishisiwe.
Nokho, ibuye iveze ezinye izinkinga, njengo:
- Izindleko eziphezulu zengqalasizinda, etholakala ekwakhiweni kwamadamu noma amajeneretha.
- Umthelela wemvelo, ngoba ungathinta imvelo yasemanzini.
- La ukukhiqizwa kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile, njengoba kuncike emagagasini, nakuba lokhu kubikezelwa.
Amandla e-tidal anamandla amakhulu okuba omunye wemithombo eyinhloko yamandla avuselelekayo esikhathini esizayo. Njengoba kuthuthukiswa ubuchwepheshe obusebenza kahle njengamajeneretha amanje nama-turbine antantayo, izindleko ezincishisiwe kanye nomthelela oncishisiwe wemvelo kuzokwenza lolu hlobo lwamandla lusebenze nakakhulu.
Eminyakeni eminingi edlule ngikwazile ukumemeza "Eureka!" (Archimedes) lapho ngezivivinyo zami zasekhaya ngifeza inqubo elula kakhulu ye-EOTRAC, esebenzisa kuphela amandla amakhulu omoya, umthamo omkhulu wamandla angapheli, anqunyelwe kuphela ekumelaneni nezinto. Ngemuva kwalokho ngithole indlela elula kakhulu ye-GEM evumela ukusebenzisa ngokuhlukile amandla angenamkhawulo wokugeleza osebenza ngamakhanda aphezulu (ama-blades) wamakhulu noma izinkulungwane zamamitha ayisikwele nomsebenzi ofanayo ugcwalisa i-ebb tide, njalonjalo futhi - futhi ngokuzwakalayo - ngamemeza "Eureka!, Eureka!", ukuze lolu hlamvu oluncane lwesihlabathi lukhiqize amandla ahlanzekile, ngeshwa abanamandla okufudumala komhlaba bathule noma bangibheka njenge "nati". BHEKA izinto ezisungulwe kabusha ngomakhalekhukhwini
Ngithathe umhlalaphansi olula owazalwa ngo-1938, AKEKHO ONGANGINIKA IBHOLA, ngidinga bonke ndawonye ukuze ngibone, ngiqonde futhi ngiphikisane ngokuthi amandla emvelo ngokwawo angaveza kanjani amandla ahlanzekile ukunciphisa i-GHG nokuvimbela ukushisa komhlaba (umlilo wasemhlabeni) okucekela phansi kakhulu ithuba lokuphila komuntu emhlabeni.