ESpain, i- amandla wokubacindezela Amandla kagesi ngamanzi abe yisici esibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni nenhlalakahle yezwe isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu. Ukusebenzisa amandla amanzi ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi njengePyrenees kunikeze ukufinyelela kugesi olawulekayo, ovuselelekayo. Namuhla, nakuba eminye imithombo enjengomoya nelanga isizuzile, izitshalo eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi zisaqhubeka zinendima ebalulekile. indima ebalulekile njengokwesekwa kwamasu oguqukweni oluya ohlelweni lwamandla akhishwa ikhabhoni.
Ingxenye enhle yempumelelo yomlando yama-hydraulics isekusungulweni kokufakwa okufana ne- Isikhungo samandla kaSeira e-Aragonese Pyrenees. Yasungulwa eminyakeni eyi-100 edlule, kwaba umphumela womsebenzi omkhulu wobuchwepheshe nowomuntu: kwakudingeka abasebenzi abangaphezu kuka-2.000 ukuze bafake amagalari ayo, amadamu, nezinjini zomoya, okuletha izingxenye ezivela emazweni amaningana. Umphumela waba isonto lezezimboni langempela, ngisho nanamuhla eligcina amaturbine alo ambalwa esebenza futhi lisaqhubeka nokuhlinzeka ngogesi ezinkulungwaneni zamakhaya. Isitshalo sihlanganisa inani lamagugu kanye nokuqanjwa okusha, njengoba seyenziwe yaba ngeyesimanje ngeminyaka yawo-37s futhi yengeza amandla afakiwe angama-20.000 MW, ngomkhiqizo waminyaka yonke ongahlinzeka ngezindlu eziyi-XNUMX.
Esifundeni esifanayo, izibonelo ezifana I-Eriste power plant kuveza amandla ezitshalo zanamuhla eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi: amanzi, anqwabelene ezindaweni zokugcina izintaba eziphakeme, ehla emhubheni aye kumaturbine akwazi ukunika amandla idolobha lonke eliphakathi nendawo. Siyabonga ku ezenzakalelayo kanye nokuqapha okukude okuvela ezikhungweni zokulawula ezikhethekile, lezi zikhungo manje zingaqalwa futhi zilawulwe ngemizuzu, zenze kube lula ukusabela ngokushesha ezidingweni zamagridi kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kokuhlinzeka ngisho nasezimeni ezibucayi.
Amandla we-Hydraulic avumela ukusebenza kokubili nge izitshalo zamandla ezivamile —okuphehla amanzi agciniwe—njengalokhu izitshalo zokugcina ezihlehliswayo noma ezimpontshwayoLaba bakamuva bathole ukuvelela ezinhlelweni ezintsha zamandla, njengoba umsebenzi wabo "njengamabhethri emvelo" wenza kube nokwenzeka ukugcina ugesi ovuselelekayo osele (ngokwesibonelo, amandla e-photovoltaic lapho kunokukhiqizwa ngokweqile emini) futhi bawukhulule lapho isidingo sidinga. Le nqubo ifinyelelwa ngokumpompa amanzi endaweni yokulondoloza amanzi ephakeme bese ewajikijela ngokuhlehla.
Njengamanje, iSpain inezimboni zamandla ezimpontshwa ezingaphezu kuka-6 GW., futhi kunenqwaba yamaphrojekthi asendleleni yokwandisa lesi sikhundla eminyakeni ezayo, ikakhulukazi emigodini yase-Ebro kanye ne-Miño-Sil. Umgomo uwukuqinisa amandla okugcina nokunciphisa ukuncika emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi kanye nokuthengwa kwamandla ngaphandle kwamanye amazwe.
Ama-Hydraulics awabalulekile kuphela kumthamo wamandla akhiqizwayo, kodwa futhi ne- amandla okuphatha lokho kunomthelela ohlelweni lukagesi. Ngokungafani nezinye izinto ezivuselelekayo ezincike esimweni sezulu, izitshalo zikagesi wamanzi zingalungisa ukukhiqizwa kwazo ngokwesidingo, zisize ekugcineni ukuzinza nokuphepha yenethiwekhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zitshalo zisiza ekulawuleni ukugeleza kwemifula, zenze kube lula ukunisela nokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi, futhi zinciphise umthelela wemvelo ngenxa yokuthi ingxenye enkulu yengqalasizinda yazo—njengamapayipi nezikhungo zikagesi—yakhiwe ngaphansi komhlaba.
Esinye isici esibalulekile yi- ukwenziwa kwesimanjemanje kwezobuchwepheshe ingqalasizinda. Ukusuka ekushintsheni ama-turbine kanye nokuzenzakalela okuphelele kokusebenza kuya ekufakweni kwezinhlelo zokuqapha ezithuthukile-okuhlanganisa ama-drones kanye nesofthiwe yokubikezela-ubuchwepheshe buthuthukise ukusebenza kahle, ukuphepha, kanye nokwengamela kwamadamu nemishini. Ukuqapha njalo kuvumela ukutholwa kokudidayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokulungiswa, ukwandisa isikhathi sokuphila kwezindawo futhi kuvinjwe izigameko ezimbi kakhulu.
Indima yezikhungo zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi yagqanyiswa ikakhulukazi phakathi nokucinywa kukagesi okukhulu okwathinta iSpain nePortugal. Ngenxa yohlelo lokuziqalisa lwalezi zitshalo ('isiqalo esimnyama'), amandla abuyiselwe ngokushesha ezindaweni eziningi, okubonisa ukusebenza kahle kwazo. ukubaluleka kwamasu ezimeni eziphuthumayo. Yona kanye inqubo yokutholwa kukagesi ngemva kokucisha ugesi idinga izinhlelo ezikwazi ukusebenza ngaphandle kokusekelwa kwangaphandle, futhi izimboni eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi zifeza le ndima ngokwethembeka, zenze lula ukuxhunywa kancane kancane kwegridi kazwelonke kagesi.
I-Las izinkampani ezinkulu zikagesi Izinkampani zaseSpain, ezifana ne-Endesa ne-Iberdrola, ziqinisa ukuzibophezela kwazo ku-hydraulics yendabuko kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo ezintsha zokupompa, ziqaphela isidingo sokugcinwa okuguquguqukayo kanye nokwenzeka kokuguqula i-peninsula ibe "ibhethri elikhulu le-hydraulic." Lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali kuhambisana nezifundo zomthelela kwezemvelo ezifuna ukunciphisa umthelela obonakalayo kanye nemvelo, ngenxa yomklamo ongaphansi komhlaba wezindawo eziningi kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwamadamu akhona.
Iqhaza lezitshalo eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi lisalokhu liphakathi kwesimo samandla samanje saseSpain, futhi umnikelo wazo kulindeleke ukuthi ubaluleke nakakhulu esikhathini esizayo. Ikwazi ukuphendula ngokushesha nangempumelelo esidingweni, yenza kube lula ukuhlanganiswa kwezinye izinto ezivuselelekayo, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngokuvikeleka nokuzimela ohlelweni, amandla kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi—ngezinguqulo zawo zakudala neziguqulekayo—abonakale engumthombo ongenakubuyiseleka endaweni. Spanish energy mix kanye nesiqinisekiso sokushintshwa kwamandla kanye nokuqina lapho sibhekene nezimo ezibucayi.