Njengoba sazi, iSpain inamandla amakhulu ngamandla avuselelekayo. Amandla elanga, umoya namandla asebenza ngamanzi anekusasa elihle eSpain ngenxa yokukhululeka nesimo sezulu. Miningi imiphakathi ezimele eye yandisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezivuselelekayo ukuze ihlangabezane nesidingo sikagesi. Kodwa-ke, bambalwa abathuthuke kakhulu kumandla elanga njenge-Extremadura, isifunda esizisungule njengesithenjwa samandla elanga hhayi kuphela ezingeni likazwelonke, kodwa naseYurophu.
I-Extremadura: Ibhentshimakhi yamandla elanga
Njengamanje, i-Extremadura iyisifunda saseSpain esihlanganisa amandla kagesi amaningi kakhulu ngenxa yamandla elanga, ikakhulukazi nge-photovoltaic namandla ashisayo elanga. Ngo-2015, le mithombo emibili yamandla ikwazile ukumboza u-65% wesidingo samandla sesifunda, okuyisibalo esiyingqayizivele endaweni yaseSpain.
Ungqongqoshe Wezomnotho Nengqalasizinda Yomphakathi Ozilawulayo, u-José Luis Navarro, wagqamisa ngaleso sikhathi ukuthi *i-Extremadura isibe wuphawu lukazwelonke mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo*, nokuthi awukho omunye umphakathi ozibusayo ofinyelele izibalo zokukwazi ukuzimela. .
Ukubaluleka kwamandla e-photovoltaic ku-Extremadura
Nakuba izifundo ezihlukahlukene sezivele zibonise amandla esifunda, idatha yamanje iqokomisa ububanzi bamandla we-photovoltaic. I-Extremadura inokukhanya kwelanga cishe kwamahora angu-3.106 ngonyaka, okuyisibalo esibeka lo mphakathi phakathi kwezifunda ezinemisebe yelanga eningi kakhulu eYurophu. Lesi sibalo esikhulu samahora okukhanya siye savumela amandla elanga ukuba abe ikusasa hhayi kuphela ngokusimama, kodwa nangokwezomnotho.
Ngo-2023, i-Extremadura iba yisifunda esihamba phambili eSpain ekukhiqizeni amandla elanga e-photovoltaic, nge-9.167 GWh, emele ukukhula kwe-31,9% uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule. Lesi sifunda siphinde saba nesibopho sokufakwa kwengxenye yesithathu yamamegawathi amasha e-photovoltaic ezweni ngalowo nyaka.
Izinqubomgomo zamandla: Isihluthulelo sempumelelo
Ukuphumelela kwe-Extremadura ekukhiqizeni amandla avuselelekayo kungenxa, ngokuyinhloko, kuzinqubomgomo zamandla eziqaliswe kusukela ku-2007 kuya ku-2011. Lezi zinqubomgomo zivumele ukufakwa kwezitshalo ezihlukahlukene zelanga futhi zikhuthaze ukutshalwa kwezimali kumandla ahlanzekile, kokubili ukusetshenziswa kwendawo kanye nokusetshenziswa. ukuthekelisa kweminye imiphakathi.
Kodwa-ke, kusukela ngo-2012, ngokufika kukahulumeni ka-Mariano Rajoy, kwaba nokuhlehla emigomeni yokweseka amandla avuselelekayo, okubambezele inqubekelaphambili emkhakheni welanga. Naphezu kwalesi sithiyo, isifunda sikwazile ukuhlala sihamba phambili ekukhiqizeni amandla ahlanzekile.
Amaphrojekthi ayizifanekiselo esifundeni
Amanye amaphrojekthi wamandla we-photovoltaic aphawuleka kakhulu esifundeni afaka i-Extremadura I, II kanye ne-III complex, eyavulwa ngo-2023 e-Almendralejo (Badajoz), enamandla angu-125 MWp. Lesi sikhungo sinamamojula angu-234.640 e-photovoltaic futhi siyakwazi ukuhlinzeka amakhaya angaphezu kuka-65,000, sikhiqize cishe u-257 GWh kagesi ohlanzekile ngonyaka.
Muva nje, i-Statkraft yamazwe ngamazwe imemezele inhloso yayo yokutshala imali endaweni evuselelekayo e-Cáceres, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Zajuril, ezoba nezitshalo ezine zelanga ezinamandla angu-492 MW. Le phrojekthi enkulu izobandakanya ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezigidi ezingu-295 zama-euro, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kulindeleke ukuthi kukhiqize imisebenzi engaphezu kwe-1.500 esifundeni.
Amanye amaphrojekthi asathuthuka
Intuthuko ekukhiqizeni amandla elanga ayigcini lapha. Ngo-2024, isifunda kulindeleke ukuthi sidlule i-30,000 GWh yokukhiqizwa konyaka, ngamandla elanga njengomshayeli oyinhloko walokhu kukhula. Ukufakwa kwezitshalo ezintsha zelanga kuhlale kwanda, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ngonyaka ozayo kube nama-MW amasha angaphezu kwe-1.200 ngonyaka.
Phakathi kwamaphrojekthi asathuthukayo i-Extremadura Integrated Energy and Climate Plan (PEIEC) 2021-2030, ephishekela inhloso yokuvelela yokuthi u-100% wamandla akhiqizwa e-Extremadura avela emithonjeni evuselelekayo ekupheleni kweshumi leminyaka.
Ukuphusha ukuzidla
Isici esibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwamandla avuselelekayo e-Extremadura kube ukukhuphuka kokuzidla, okukhule kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Ngo-2022, kwafakwa izindawo ezintsha zokuzithengela abantu ezingaphezu kuka-5.275, okusho ukuthi zikhuphuke ngo-345% uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule. Kulezi, iningi bekuyizimboni ezizimele, okukhombisa intshisekelo enkulu yezakhamizi kumandla ahlanzekile.
Le datha igcizelela ukubaluleka kwentando yeningi yamandla e-Extremadura, lapho amandla elanga engaseyona nje indaba yezitshalo ezinkulu, kodwa izakhamuzi eziningi nezinkampani ezincane zilandela indlela yokuzisebenzisela ukunciphisa izindleko nokukhiqiza amandla azo. ihlanzekile.
I-hydrogen eluhlaza: indima yesikhathi esizayo ye-Extremadura
Ikusasa lamandla e-Extremadura alikhawulelwe kumandla elanga kuphela. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwaba nesithakazelo esikhulayo ku-hydrogen eluhlaza njengomthombo omusha wamandla ahlanzekile. Uhulumeni wase-Extremadura usayine isivumelwano ne-ENAGÁS sokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda yezokuthutha neyokugcina i-hydrogen evuselelekayo. Lo mthombo wamandla ubizwa ngokuthi ubambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekuqedeni umnotho esikhathini esizayo kanye nasezimbonini ezifana nezimboni, ezokuthutha kanye nezindawo zokuhlala.
I-Autonomous Community ifisa ukuba yisithenjwa esihle ekukhiqizweni kwe-hydrogen eluhlaza, ilinganisela ukuthi i-3 GW ingakhiqizwa nge-electrolysis ngo-2030.
Ngenxa yentuthuko yamandla e-photovoltaic, amandla kagesi kanye ne-biomass, izibikezelo zeminyaka ezayo ziyamangalisa. I-Extremadura ibekwe kahle hhayi nje ukuqhubeka nokuba ngumholi kazwelonke ekukhiqizeni amandla avuselelekayo, kodwa futhi nokuba i-eksisi eyinhloko yoguquko lwamandla ezingeni laseYurophu.
Lo mzamo uphinde ugxile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izinzuzo ezitholakala ekukhiqizweni kwamandla zihlala endaweni, ukuqinisa imikhakha efana neyokwakha, imboni yensimbi kanye nezinsizakalo zobunjiniyela ezihambisana nezitshalo ezivuselelekayo.
Ukubheja ku-Extremadura njengomholi kumandla avuselelekayo elanga akusona nje isinqumo sezemvelo, kodwa futhi ukuzibophezela okucacile ekuthuthukisweni komnotho, ukwakhiwa kwamathuba emisebenzi kanye nentuthuko esimeme yezobuchwepheshe.
I-Extremadura ihamba phambili emandleni avuselelekayo, futhi indima yayo esikhathini esizayo samandla ahlanzekile ayinakuphikiswa.