Phakathi kokukhuphuka kwe- isidingo sikagesi esihlotshaniswa nobuhlakani bokwenziwa izikhungo zedatha sezivele zikhonaI-Meta inqume ukuthatha isinyathelo futhi ithole ukuthengiswa kwesikhathi eside. Inkampani engumzali we-Facebook, Instagram, kanye ne-WhatsApp ivaliwe. izivumelwano ezintathu ezinkulu zamandla enuzi e-United States ngenhloso yokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwayo kwe-AI esikhathini esizayo akuphazanyiswa ukuntuleka kukagesi.
Lezi zivumelwano, ezisayinwe no I-Vistra, i-TerraPower kanye ne-OkloLezi zimali zingezelele esibophweni sangaphambilini neConstellation Energy futhi zingavula i- Ama-gigawatts angu-6,6 (GW) amandla enuzi okusha nokukhona ngo-2035. I-Meta ibeka lo msebenzi njengesinyathelo esibalulekile sokusekela ukukhula kwezikhungo zayo zedatha, okuhlanganisa Iqembu elikhulu le-Prometheus AI eyakhiwa eNew Albany, e-Ohio, futhi efisa ukuba ngesinye sezikhungo zayo eziyinhloko zekhompyutha ethuthukisiwe.
Umjaho wamandla phakathi kokuqhuma kwe-AI
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe be-AI obukhiqizayo kanye namamodeli amakhulu ekhuphuka kakhulu, imboni yezobuchwepheshe ithole ukuthi inkinga yangempela akuyona nje ama-chip noma ithalente, kodwa ukuba namandla amaningi, azinzile, futhi akhipha ukungcola okuncaneUkuqeqesha nokusebenzisa amamodeli e-AI ngezinga elikhulu kudinga ukugeleza kukagesi okuqhubekayo, imini nobusuku, ngaphandle kokubekezelela ukucima kukagesi noma ukukhuphuka kwamandla kagesi.
Kulesi simo, amandla enuzi aphinde avele njenge- enye indlela yamasu: okunikezwayo Ukukhiqizwa okuthembekile okungu-24/7Akuncikile emoyeni noma elangeni futhi kungaphatha imithwalo yesikhungo sedatha esiphezulu ngaphandle kokuguquguquka kobunye ubuchwepheshe. Ezinkampanini ezifana ne-Meta, ukuthola izinkontileka zenuzi zesikhathi eside kusho ukunciphisa ukungaqiniseki mayelana nezindleko nge-kilowatt-hora kanye nokwenza kube lula ukuhlela ingqalasizinda entsha yedijithali.
Isinyathelo sikaMeta senezela ekuthambekeni okubanzi kulo mkhakha, lapho Izinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe zincintisana buthule ukuze zithole ama-megawatt eminyakeni eminingi ezayo. Njengoba kumenyezelwa amakhampasi amasha ezikhungo zedatha e-United States, futhi, ngokwengeziwe, nakwezinye izifunda. njengeYurophuIsivumelwano ngasinye samandla siba yingxenye yalowo mncintiswano wokungasali ngemuva emandleni okusebenzisa ikhompyutha.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inkampani igcizelela ukuthi lezi zinkontileka zizosiza ekuqiniseni Uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwezikhali zenuzi lwase-US kanye nokusekela ukuqashwa kwabantu bendawo ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kwezitshalo, impikiswano evumelana nezinto eziza kuqala kwezepolitiki zokuvikeleka kwamandla kanye nokuvuselelwa kwezimboni okukhona njengamanje empikiswaneni e-United States.
I-Meta yayivele ihlole imakethe yenuzi ngo-2024, lapho yethula isicelo senzalo yokuthola phakathi kuka-1 no-4 GW wamandla enuzi. Njengoba izivumelwano sezimenyezelwe, inkampani iyaqhubeka nokuthatha isinyathelo futhi izibeka endaweni yayo. omunye wabathengi abakhulu kakhulu bamandla enuzi ezinkampanini yezwe, ngokusho kwethimba layo labaphathi.
I-Vistra, i-TerraPower kanye ne-Oklo: inhlanganisela yezitshalo ezikhona kanye ne-reactors ezithuthukisiwe
Umklamo wezivumelwano ze-Meta mix ukunwetshwa kwempilo yezitshalo zikagesi esezisebenza kakade ngokucindezela ubuchwepheshe benyukliya besizukulwane esisha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isivumelwano neVistra siqinisekisa amandla avela izitshalo ezintathu zamandla enuzi ebhande lezimboni lase-USNgakolunye uhlangothi, izivumelwano neTerraPower kanye ne-Oklo zihloselwe ukuthuthukiswa kwe- ama-reactors amancane (SMRs) kanye nama-reactor athuthukile.
Ngokuphathelene namandla okusebenza asevele ekhona, i-Meta isisayine izinkontileka ne- Iminyaka engama-20 yokuthola ugesi ezitshalweni zikagesi zasePerry naseDavis-Bessee-Ohio, kanye nasefektri yaseBeaver Valley ePennsylvania. Ngaphezu kokuthenga amandla, inkampani igcizelela ukuthi lezi zivumelwano zizosiza ngezimali ukunwetshwa kwamandla kanye ukwandisa impilo ewusizo yezikhungo, ezinelayisensi esebenzayo ngemva kuka-2030 futhi, kwezinye izimo, kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka.
Ngokuphathelene neTerraPower, inkampani eyasungulwa ngokubambisana nguBill Gates, iMeta izohlinzeka ngezimali zokuthuthukiswa kwe amayunithi amabili i-Natrium ikwazi ukukhiqiza ama-megawatts afinyelela ku-690 (MW) amandla enkampani, kanye nokulethwa okuhleliwe cishe ngo-2032. Isivumelwano siphinde sinikeze amalungelo e-Meta amandla avela ku- amayunithi e-Natrium angeziwe ayisithuphaokungangeza amandla afinyelela ku-2,1 GW ngo-2035, okuqinisa umkhawulo wamandla wokunyakaza esikhathini esimaphakathi.
Insika yesithathu yi-Oklo, inkampani enezimali ezivelele kakhulu ezihlanganisa uSam Altman, i-CEO ye-OpenAI. Ukusebenzisana ne-Meta kuzogxila ekuqalisweni kwe- ikhampasi yamandla afinyelela ku-1,2 GW ePike County, e-Ohio, eyenzelwe ngqo ukusekela izikhungo zedatha zenkampani esifundeni. Lolu hlobo lwekhampasi luhlanganisa ama-reactor amaningana e-modular futhi luhloselwe ukuhlinzeka ngamandla eduze kwezikhungo zekhompyutha.
Ukugxila kuma-reactor amancane e-modular kungenye yezinto ezintsha kakhulu zephakheji. Abasekeli bama-SMR bathi, ngenxa yokuthi akhiqizwa ngobuningi efektri kunokuba akhiwe kusukela ekuqaleni endaweni, Zinganciphisa izindleko futhi zinciphise izikhathi zokuthunyelwa uma kuqhathaniswa nama-reactor amakhulu avamile. Nokho, abagxeki baxwayisa ngokuthi akukabonakali ukuthi angafinyelela umnotho ofanayo wesilinganiso futhi bakhomba ukuthi, okwamanje, Akukho SMR ekusebenzeni kwezentengiselwano e-United States.
Iqembu elikhulu le-Prometheus AI kanye nendima ye-Ohio ne-Pennsylvania
Omunye wabazuzi abayinhloko baleli khono lenuzi uzoba yi- Iqembu elikhulu le-Prometheus AIIsikhungo sedatha iMeta eyakhayo eNew Albany, e-Ohio, siyiqoqo elicishe libe yi-1 GW elihlanganisa izakhiwo eziningana. Le nkampani inethemba lokuthi izosebenza maduze ukuze ibambe ukuqeqeshwa okukhulu kwemodeli ye-AI kanye nemithwalo yemisebenzi yokusabalalisa.
Ukukhetha i-Ohio ne-Pennsylvania akuyona into eyenzeka ngengozi. Zombili izifundazwe zine- isiko eside sezimboni namandlaLokhu kufaka phakathi ingxenye enkulu yengqalasizinda yenethiwekhi edingekayo kanye nohlelo lomhlinzeki olukwazi ukudonsa amaphrojekthi angaka. Ngokuxhumanisa izivumelwano zokuthenga ugesi nokwandiswa kwesikhathi sokuphila kwezitshalo zenuzi zasendaweni, i-Meta ifuna ukuvumelanisa izintshisekelo zayo zobuchwepheshe nezinto eziza kuqala kwezomnotho zesifunda.
Ngokombono wemiphakathi ethintekile, inkampani igcizelela ukuthi izivumelwano zingadala izinkulungwane zemisebenzi yokwakha yesikhashana y amakhulu emisebenzi ehlala njalo ukuze kusetshenziswe futhi kugcinwe izitshalo. Lokhu kungaphezu komthelela oshukumisayo ezinsizeni ezihlobene nobunjiniyela, ezokuphepha, ezokuthutha, kanye nokugcinwa kwezimboni, okuvame ukuhambisana nokutshalwa kwezimali kwalolu hlobo.
La maphrojekthi ayingxenye yendaba yezepolitiki lapho Ukuphepha kwamandla kanye nokuzimela kwezobuchwepheshe Sebethole isisindo. Esimweni sokungezwani kwezepolitiki kanye nokushintshashintsha kwamandla okuyinkimbinkimbi, ukuzibophezela kwenkampani enkulu yezobuchwepheshe ezinkontilekeni zenuzi ezithathe amashumi eminyaka kuqinisa umyalezo wokuthi ingqalasizinda ebalulekile kumele ivikelwe ngaphakathi ezweni.
Nakuba iningi lezivumelwano litholakala e-United States, le nhlangano ithumela isignali ezwakala nakwezinye izimakethe ezivuthiwe, njenge-European Union, lapho kunempikiswano enkulu khona mayelana Indlela yokuvumelanisa ukukhula kwe-AI nemigomo yesimo sezulu kanye nemikhawulo yegridi kagesi. Ulwazi lwase-US ngezinkontileka ezinkulu zenyukliya zezinkampani luzobhekwa eduze ngabalawuli kanye nabaqhubi baseYurophu.
Ubukhulu bezezimali kanye nokusabela kwemakethe
Emakethe yamasheya, lesi simemezelo sibe nomthelela ngokushesha kwabanye abalingani beMeta. Amasheya e-Oklo akhuphuke cishe ngo-20%. Ngemva kokumenyezelwa kwezivumelwano, amasheya eVistra akhuphuke cishe ngo-8% ekuhwebeni kwangaphambi kwemakethe. Lokhu kusabela kukhombisa umbono wokuthi Izivumelwano zeminyaka engama-20 neklayenti elisezingeni eliphezulu Banikeza ukubonakala kwemali engenayo kanye nokusekelwa kwezinhlelo zokukhulisa lezi zinkampani.
Ku-Meta, ukubaluleka kulinganiswa ngendlela ehlukile. Ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwamandla enuzi okuqinile, kwesikhathi eside kuletha ukucaca okukhulu kule ndaba. izindleko zamandla zesikhathi esizayo zengqalasizinda yayo ye-AILesi yisahluko esibalulekayo njengoba izikhungo zedatha zanda futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamamodeli athuthukile kuyanda. Umyalezo kubatshalizimali ukuthi inkampani icabanga ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwe-AI kuzohilela i-capex yesakhiwo esiphezuluhhayi nje kumaseva namanethiwekhi, kodwa nasezivumelwaneni zamandla futhi, kwezinye izimo, ukubamba iqhaza okuqondile ezimpahleni zokukhiqiza.
Leli qhinga lingadala donsa umphumela kulo lonke umkhakha wezobuchwepheshe. Uma i-Meta iqinisekisa ukufinyelela kuma-gigawatts amaningana wamandla enuzi kuze kube ngu-2035, amanye amapulatifomu amakhulu edijithali Futhi abaqhubi bezikhungo zedatha bangacindezelwa ukuthi bavale izivumelwano ezifanayo ukuze bangabi sengozini yokuncintisana, kokubili ngokutholakala kwamandla kanye nokubikezela izindleko.
Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi “ukuncintisana kwama-megawatt” nakho kunomthelela ongaqondile emnothweni wonke: isidingo esikhulu samandla ezinkampani ezivela ezinkampanini ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe Lokhu kungabeka ingcindezi emananini nasekutholakaleni kwabanye abathengi, kusukela embonini yendabuko kuya emakhaya. Lokhu kunezela umthwalo kubalawuli kanye nabahleli begridi, abaphoqeleka ukulinganisela ukukhula kwedijithali, ukusetshenziswa kwezindlu, kanye nomkhakha okhiqizayo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukubambisana kweMeta nezinkampani ezifana neTerraPower, Oklo, kanye neConstellation kusiza ekubekeni isisekelo Amandla enuzi asenhliziyweni yengxoxo ngokushintsha kwamandlahhayi nje kuphela njengokusekela imboni yedijithali, kodwa njengengxenye yengxube kagesi ekhishwe i-carbon lapho izinto ezivuselelekayo kanye namandla enuzi kuhambisana khona.
Izingozi, izinsuku zokugcina kanye nokubaluleka komthethonqubo
Naphezu komthamo we-gigawatt omenyezelwe, inselele enkulu kakhulu umugqa wesikhathi. Ukwandisa isikhathi sokuphila kwezitshalo ezikhona ngokuvamile kushesha kunokwakha amayunithi amasha, kodwa kudinga... ukuvunyelwa kwemithetho, ukuthuthukisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye nezivumelwano nabaqhubi benethiwekhiUkubuyekezwa kwelayisensi ngakunye, iphrojekthi ngayinye yokuthuthukisa, kanye nokuhlolwa ngakunye kokuphepha kungaletha ukubambezeleka kanye nezindleko ezengeziwe.
Ukungaqiniseki kuyanda uma kukhulunywa ngobuchwepheshe benyukliya obuthuthukisiwe kanye nama-SMR. Azikho iziphehli ze-modular eziklanywe yi-TerraPower kanye ne-Oklo ezisasebenza kwezentengiselwano, futhi Izinqubo zokuthola amalayisense e-United States zinde futhi zinzima.Impumelelo yezivumelwano izoncika kakhulu ekutheni izinhlaka zomthetho zithuthuka kanjani kanye nekhono labathuthukisi lokuhlangabezana nezikhathi zokugcina kanye nezabelomali.
Kulesi simo, abahlaziyi kanye nabatshalizimali ngeke babheke nje kuphela isihloko mayelana ne-6,6 GW, kodwa futhi ukuwohloka kwangempela kwamandla enkampani azoqala ukusebenza unyaka nonyakaOkunye okubalulekile kuzoba uhlobo oluthile lwezinkontileka (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziyizivumelwano zokuthenga amandla zesikhathi eside, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqondile, noma amalungiselelo ahlanganisiwe) kanye nokuthi izinyathelo zokulethwa zincike kangakanani ekuvunyelweni kwemithetho noma ezinqumweni zenqubomgomo yamandla.
Kukhona futhi ingxenye yombono womphakathi. Ukubuya kwamandla enuzi njengensika yokwandiswa kwe-AI kungase kuvulwe kabusha izingxoxo mayelana ukuphepha, ukuphathwa kwemfucuza kanye nokwamukelwa kwezitshalo zikagesi emphakathiniNakuba ingxoxo isacutshungulwa e-United States, ezifundeni ezifana neYurophu amazwe athile agcina izikhundla ezihlukene kakhulu ngendima yalobu buchwepheshe ekuxubeni kwamandla.
Kodwa-ke, ithemba lokuthi izikhungo zedatha ze-AI zizosebenzisa ugesi omningi amashumi eminyaka lengeza ukuphuthuma ekufuneni imithombo yamandla ephansi yekhabhoni futhi etholakala kakhuluKulowo mongo, amandla enuzi, nazo zonke izici zawo, aziveza ezinkampanini ezifana neMeta njengenye yezinketho ezimbalwa ezikwazi ukunikeza amandla enkampani ngezinga elikhulu ngaphandle kokukhulisa kakhulu ukukhishwa kwegesi.
Isinyathelo sikaMeta, esakhiwe ngezivumelwano neVistra, iTerraPower, kanye ne-Oklo futhi sisekelwa yizimpahla ezikhona kanye namaphrojekthi esizukulwane esilandelayo, siqinisa umqondo wokuthi Ingqalasizinda yamandla isibe yingxenye ebalulekile yebhizinisi lobuchwephesheEmncintiswaneni wobuhlakani bokwenziwa, ngeke kwanele ukuba nama-algorithms amahle kakhulu noma ama-chip athuthuke kakhulu: izinkampani ezikwazi ukuthola amandla adingekayo, ngezinkontileka ezizinzile kanye nobuchwepheshe obuphansi be-carbon footprint, zizoqala ngenzuzo engenza umehluko omkhulu eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo.
