Iphrojekthi ye- isitshalo se-hydrogen esiluhlaza endaweni yaseLa JoyaKumasipala waseMalaga e-Antequera, lo msebenzi usube ngenye yezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu empikiswaneni yezemvelo neyezepolitiki esifundeni. Lo mkhankaso, okhuthazwe yinkampani iSiroco Hydrogen 2 SL ngaphansi kwegama elithi Igugu le-H2Ihlose ukubeka indawo kumephu yaseYurophu yamafutha ahlanzekile kanye Isigodi se-hydrogen e-AndalusiaKodwa kuphakamise izikhalazo phakathi kwezikhungo kanye nezakhamuzi.
Ngenkathi uHulumeni Wesifunda sase-Andalusia egcina inqubo yolwazi lomphakathi kanye nokugunyazwa okuhlanganisiwe kwezemveloUMkhandlu Wedolobha Lase-Antequera kanye nezinkundla ezahlukahlukene zezakhamuzi ziphakamise amazwi azo ngokumelene nalokho ezikubheka njengomsebenzi olinganiselwe wendawo ezwela kangaka ngokombono wemvelo, indawo kanye nefa.
Iphrojekthi enkulu ye-hydrogen eluhlaza enkabeni yesifunda
Igugu le-H2 Kuhlelwe ukuthi kube yindawo yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen eluhlaza etholakala cishe ngamakhilomitha amathathu ukusuka edolobhaneni laseLa Joya, e- umhlaba wasemakhaya ngaphakathi komasipala wase-AntequeraLe nhlanganisela izoncika emandleni e-electrolysis azungeze Amamegawathi angama-250 XNUMX, exhunywe nengqalasizinda ebalulekile yokukhiqiza kabusha ehlobene kanye nakubuchwepheshe obufana Ama-electrolyzer e-PEM.
Ngokusho kwemibhalo etholakala emphakathini, uhlelo luhlanganisa amamojula amaningana e-electrolysis, izakhiwo zenqubo kanye nemishini yokusizaukuthatha indaba engaphezu kweyodwa Amamitha ayisikwele angama-134.000 eduze kwale dolobha. Amandla adingekayo ukukhiqiza i-hydrogen angavela ku- isitshalo selanga se-photovoltaic ka-283 MW, osatshalaliswa phakathi komasipala base-Antequera nase-Almogía, kanye nomasipala ipulazi lomoya elingaba ngu-16 MW itholakala ngokuphelele e-Antequera.
Ukuze kuqiniswe ukukhiqizwa, le phrojekthi ihlanganisa futhi isitoreji uhlelo ngamabhethri e-lithium-ion, aklanyelwe ukusizakala ngokukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo amaningi futhi aqinisekise ukuhlinzekwa kukagesi okuqhubekayo kuma-electrolyzer. Wonke lawo mandla azogxila ku iziteshi ezimbili ezincane izitshalo zikagesi ezizonika amandla isitshalo se-hydrogen ngqo.
I-hydrogen ekhiqizwayo ngeke ihlale kulesi sikhungo: unjiniyela uhlela ukuyithutha nge- ipayipi elithile le-hydrogen kwesinye isitshalo sezimboni esenzelwe ukukhiqiza amafutha okwenziwaLokhu kufaka phakathi uphethiloli wezindiza ozinzile, ocutshungulwa ngenqubo ehlukile yokuphatha. Le ndlela ihambisana namasu aseYurophu okususa i-carbon dioxide ezimpahleni ezisindayo kanye nokuthuthwa komoya, lapho iSpain ifuna ukuzibeka njengomdlali obalulekile.
Ezingeni lezenhlalo-zomnotho, i-Siroco Hydrogen 2 ilinganisela ukuthi ngesikhathi Isigaba sokwakha singadala imisebenzi efinyelela ku-125 okwesikhashana, okuzongezwa nxazonke imisebenzi engaba amashumi amathathu ehlala njalo esigabeni sokusebenza, futhi kukhiqizwe okusha amathuba emisebenziLe nkampani ihlela ukutshalwa kwezimali ngaphakathi koshintsho lwamandla kanye nokwehlukahluka kwendwangu yezimboni ngaphakathi kwesifundazwe saseMalaga.
Ukusetshenziswa okujulile kwamanzi abuyiselwe kanye nochungechunge lwezimboni oluyinkimbinkimbi
Esinye sezici eziyingqayizivele kakhulu zephrojekthi yi- ukuphakelwa kwamanzi kwama-electrolyzerLena inkinga ebucayi kakhulu uma ubheka isomiso esiqhubekayo esithinta ingxenye enkulu ye-Andalusia. Lesi sitshalo sihlela ukusebenzisa Amanzi abuyiselwe esitshalweni sokuhlanza amanzi amdaka saseGuadalhorce, eMalaga, eyayizofika eLa Joya nge- ipayipi elingaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-27 ubude yakhelwe ngqo le njongo.
Uma esesesikhungweni, amanzi ayezodlula ezinqubweni ezahlukene ukuhlunga, i-reverse osmosis kanye ne-electrodeionization ukuze uthole amanzi akhishwe amamineraliLokhu kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwemishini ye-electrolysis. Ingxenye yokungcola okulungisiwe izosetshenziswa kabusha ezindaweni zezimboni eziseduze, ngenhloso yokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ahlanzekile nokuvala umjikelezo wamanzi ngangokunokwenzeka.
Lolu hlelo alugcini nje ekukhiqizweni kwe-hydrogen. Ngaphakathi kohlaka lwesakhiwo sezimboni esihlobene, unjiniyela uhlela ukuthola... i-biomethane, i-methanol eluhlaza kanye nophethiloli wezindiza ozinzile (i-e-SAF)Lokhu kuzoguqula iLa Joya ibe yindawo yokusebenza eminingi yamandla aphansi ekhabhoni. Imibhalo ekhishwe ikhomba izibalo zokukhiqiza zamashumi ama-gigawatt-hours e-biomethane kanye namashumi ezinkulungwane zamathani e-e-SAF minyaka yonke, okuhloswe kakhulu ukuhlangabezana nesidingo somkhakha wezokuthutha kanye nabathengi abakhulu bezimboni.
Lona ukuhlukahluka kwemikhiqizo yamandla Lesi ngesinye sezici ezivusa ukusola okukhulu kwabanye abahlali. Amaqembu ezakhamizi agcizelela ukuthi, ngaphansi kwelebula lokuqala elithi “isitshalo se-hydrogen esiluhlaza,” kukhona imboni eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu okuhlanganisa nezindawo zokukhiqiza imfucuza kanye nokwelashwa kwemfucuza yezinto eziphilayo, kanye nemiphumela eyengeziwe maqondana nokugcwala okukhulu kwezimoto, iphunga kanye nokuphathwa kwezinto.
Ukuphikisana okuqondile koMkhandlu Wedolobha lase-Antequera
Impendulo enamandla kakhulu yezikhungo ivele ku- UMkhandlu Wedolobha Lase-AntequeraIBhodi Elibusayo Lendawo selivumile kaninginingi Ukwenqatshwa okusobala nangokungangabazi kwephrojekthi ye-La Joya H2isimo esiye sabonakala kokubili ezivumelwaneni ezisemthethweni kanye nasekwethulweni izinsolo eziyishumi nanye ezithile ngaphambi kweJunta de Andalucía, ngaphakathi kwenqubo ehlanganisiwe yokugunyazwa kwemvelo.
Enkulumweni ethunyelwe kwi-Territorial Delegation of Sustainability and Environment, uMkhandlu Wedolobha uxwayisa ngokuthi "izimo ezingathi sína, ezihlangene, nezifinyelela kude" mayelana nendawo, imvelo, ifa lomlando, kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila kwabantu bendawo. Umeya, uManuel Barón, ugcizelele ezitatimendeni eziningana zomphakathi ukuthi umasipala uyawusekela ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kanye namandla avuselelekayoKodwa “hhayi nganoma iyiphi indlela,” egcizelela ukuthi idolobha “alinakuthatha ingozi”, ngokombono wakhe, ebeka engcupheni imvelo kanye nemodeli yedolobha evikelwe eminyakeni yamuva.
Ithimba likahulumeni ligcizelela ukuthi ukwenqatshwa akubangelwa izisusa zemibono, kodwa ku isimiso sokuhlakanipha phambi kwephrojekthi echazwe njenge "enkulu kakhulu" futhi umthelela kamasipala ongaphezuluNgakho-ke uMkhandlu Wedolobha uziveza njengomqinisekisi wentshisekelo evamile, ugcizelela ukuthi inqubo yezemvelo kumele ihlole ngokuningiliziwe imibiko ngayinye yobuchwepheshe ekhishwe yizinsizakalo zikamasipala.
Umkhandlu usuvele uhambise ngokusemthethweni isikhundla sawo kuHulumeni Wesifunda sase-Andalusia ukuze sicatshangelwe esinqumweni se- Ukugunyazwa Okudidiyelwe Kwezemvelofuthi ifake izikhalazo ngesikhathi sokuphawula komphakathi. Kulezi zikhalazo, ithi phendula ngendlela eshukunyisiwe kokubonwa ngakunye kobuchwepheshe, kokubili maqondana nokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nezindawo kanye nangokuphathelene nokuhlelwa kwedolobha kanye nokuhambisana nokuhlelwa kwamanje.
U-El Torcal, amaDolmens kanye namagugu efa asenkabeni yengxoxo
Enye yezinhlaka eziyinhloko zeqembu eliphikisayo yi- ukusondela kwesitshalo se-hydrogen esiluhlaza endaweni yemvelo yaseTorcal de Antequera, indawo evikelwe efakiwe ku Inethiwekhi yeNatura 2000 futhi baqoke bobabili Indawo Ekhethekile Yokulondolozwa (i-SAC) njengoba Indawo Ekhethekile Yokuvikela Izinyoni (ZEPA)Nakuba ingqalasizinda ingekho ngaphakathi kwemingcele yendawo, izinsizakalo zobuchwepheshe zikamasipala zicabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ezithinta imizila yemvelo kanye nezindawo zokuhlala zezinhlobo ezivikelwe.
Imibiko yeHholo Lomasipala ixwayisa ngokuthi ingozi yokushayisana kwezinyoni namalulwane ngama-turbine omoya kanye nezintambo zikagesi ezihambisana nephrojekthi, kanye nalokho okungenzeka imiphumela yezithiyo kanye nokulahlekelwa yindawo yokuhlala endaweni ebiza kakhulu izilwane zasendle. Kugcizelelwa futhi umthelela womhlaba izakhiwo eziphakeme —njengezinjini zomoya, oshimula kanye nemibhoshongo — phezu kwendawo eyingqayizivele eyakha enye yezindawo ezikhangayo eziyinhloko zezivakashi nezemvelo zalesi sifunda.
Ngaphezu komthelela wemvelo, kukhona ukukhathazeka mayelana Izindawo ezizungezile i-Antequera Dolmens Site, kumenyezelwe I-UNESCO World HeritageUmkhandlu uxwayisa ngokuthi kungenzeka izimo ezibonakalayo nezendawo Endaweni lapho ubuqotho bendawo buyinani eliqashelwa emhlabeni wonke, ukuba khona kwengqalasizinda enkulu yezimboni, bakhomba ukuthi, kungashintsha umbono wesakhiwo esikhulu kanye nobudlelwano baso nendawo ezungezile.
Ochwepheshe bakamasipala nabo bagxile kwezinye izinto zefa, njenge- indawo yemivubukulo yasePuerto del Perro, kufaka phakathi indawo yayo yokuvimba. Ngokombono wakhe, ukwakhiwa nokusebenza kwesitshalo kungaholela izingozi zomonakalo wezinto zakudala kokubili ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi yomhlaba kanye nokufakwa kwamanethiwekhi amasha ezokuthutha kanye nezinsizakalo.
Imithelela yemvelo, ithrafikhi kanye nempilo yomphakathi kugqanyisiwe
Ngale kwezici zezindawo kanye namagugu kuphela, uMkhandlu Wedolobha kanye nezinkundla zezakhamuzi zibhale uhlu olubanzi lwezindawo imiphumela engaba khona kwezemvelo kanye nezenhlalo okuhambisana nesitshalo se-hydrogen kanye nesakhiwo sezimboni esixhumene. Phakathi kwezinto ezivame ukukhulunywa ngazo yi- ikhwalithi yomoyangokungabaza ukukhishwa kwegesi emoyeni, ukukhiqizwa kwephunga kanye nokungcola kokukhanya okuvela emisebenzini yezimboni.
Izinsolo zikamasipala zikhuluma nge- ingozi yokungcoliswa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, imifudlana kanye nokugeleza kwamanzikokubili ngesikhathi sokwakha kanye nesigaba sokusebenza. Nakuba iphrojekthi ithi isebenzisa amanzi abuyiselwe esitshalweni sokuhlanza amanzi angcolile, kukhona ukukhathazeka ngokuthi, ezimweni zokuntuleka kwamanzi noma izinkinga zobuchwepheshe, ingagcina isebenzisa izinsiza zamanzi angaphansi komhlaba zendawo lapho imisebenzi yezolimo kanye nezikhungo eziningana zabantu zithembele khona.
El ukwanda kwethrafikhi enkulu Leli elinye iphuzu elibucayi. Ukuthuthwa kwezinto zokwakha, imishini, kanye, lapho kufanele khona, imfucuza ehlotshaniswa nezigaba ezahlukene zokukhiqiza kuzobandakanya ukwanda okuphawulekayo kwenani lamaloli abahamba emigwaqweni emincane yasemakhaya enezindawo ezinzima. Imibiko kamasipala kanye nezinhlangano zomakhelwane ziyazibuza ukuthi ngabe ingabe inethiwekhi yemigwaqo yamanje ilungisiwe ukumelana nalelo nani, ngenxa yokuwohloka okungase kubangele ezindaweni zomgwaqo kanye nezingozi ezengeziwe zokuphepha emgwaqweni.
Kugcizelelwa futhi umthelela emigwaqweni yasemakhaya, ezindleleni zezilwane kanye nasenhlabathini evikelweLezi yizinto ezibalulekile emsebenzini wezolimo kanye nemfuyo engxenyeni eseningizimu ye-El Torcal. Kunokwesaba ukuthi ukudlula kwezimoto ezisindayo kanye nokwakhiwa kwemigwaqo emisha kuzoshintsha ngendlela engenakulungiswa ukusetshenziswa komhlaba ngokwesiko, okuzoba nemiphumela emapulazini, emisebenzini yemfuyo, kanye namabhizinisi ahlobene nezokuvakasha zasemakhaya.
Ngaphakathi kwendawo yomakhelwane kuphela, izinhlangano kanye nezakhamuzi zikhomba ukuthi kungenzeka ukuwohloka kwekhwalithi yokuphila okuvela emsindweni, ukuba khona okuqhubekayo kwezimoto zezimboni, ukuguqulwa kwendawo, kanye nokungaqiniseki mayelana nezitayela zekhwalithi yomoya. Ingozi yokuthi ukwehla kwenani lezindlu zasemakhaya kanye nezindawo zokuhlala endaweni lapho indawo nokuthula kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokukhanga komnotho.
Ukwenqatshwa komphakathi kanye nokugqugquzelwa komakhelwane eLa Joya naseningizimu yeTorcal
Ingxabano ezungeze isitshalo se-hydrogen idlulele ngale kwendawo yokuphatha kuphela futhi isakazeke emigwaqweni. Endaweni eseningizimu ye-El Torcal, kube nokulahlwa okubanzi komphakathi esenzweni, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezakhamuzi zaseLa Joya nezinye izindawo zasemakhaya eziseduze, ezizizwa zithinteke ngqo yindawo yesikhathi esizayo yesakhiwo sezimboni.
Phakathi kwezimpikiswano ezivezwe yizakhamuzi kukhona ukusondela kwendawo emakhaya nasezindaweni zokuhlala ezihlakazekilenezindawo zokuhlala ezingaphansi kwamakhilomitha amabili ukusuka esitshalweni esihleliwe. Amapulatifomu ezakhamizi alinganisela ukuthi Umthelela oqondile ungafinyelela abantu ababalelwa ku-2.000Iningi labo ngokwesiko lihlotshaniswa nezolimo, ukufuya imfuyo, kanye nezokuvakasha zasemakhaya. "Asikhulumi ngendawo engahlalwa muntu," kusho abakhulumeli babo, begcizelela ukuthi lesi sifunda sesivele sinayo umnotho omncane osebenzayo ukuthi besaba ukuthi bazobekwa engcupheni.
Amaqembu afana nalawa Amapulazi Omoya 'Awaseduze ne-El Torcal' futhi i Inhlangano Yesigodi Semvelo saseRio Grande baye bakhuthaza imihlangano yolwazi eLa Joya kanye nezinye izindawo ukuchaza okuqukethwe yiphrojekthi nokuhlanganisa ukulethwa kwezikhalazo. Le mihlangano ibhekana nobubanzi bangempela bale mboni—edlulela ngale kwe-hydrogen ukuze ifake phakathi ukukhiqizwa kukaphethiloli we-biomass kanye nowokwenziwa—kanye nezinye izindlela zokuthuthukisa izakhamuzi ezizibheka njengezinobungani nemvelo.
Esinye sezici ezikhathaza kakhulu yi- isitshalo se-biomass kanye nokwelashwa kwemfucuza yezolimo neyemfuyo okuhambisana nochungechunge lwezimboni. Kusalokhu kungabaza mayelana nokuvama kwamaloli angena nemfucuza, izinkinga ezingaba khona zephunga, kanye nomthelela ku- Isithombe sendawo ekhethe ukuvakasha kwemveloAbagxeki balo msebenzi bagcizelela ukuthi, ngokombono wabo, kuwumzamo wokufaka imboni enkulu endaweni enesimo sasemakhaya kanye nendawo evikelwe.
Amapulatifomu agcizelela ukuthi isikhundla sawo asisekelwe ekwenqatshweni kwamandla avuselelekayo noma i-hydrogen eluhlaza, kodwa esidingweni sokuthi "Impilo yomphakathi kanye nokuvimbela"Baphikisana ngokuthi imodeli yokuguquka kwamandla kumele kuzohlelwa ngokuhlanganyela okukhulu kwendawo kanye nokuhlonipha imingcele yemvelo yendawo ngayinye, ikakhulukazi lapho izikhala ezihlukile eziqashelwa ezingeni laseYurophu nakwamanye amazwe zisengozini.
Ukungezwani kwezepolitiki kanye nezikhundla ezingqubuzanayo
Impikiswano ephathelene nesitshalo se-hydrogen saseLa Joya nayo ibe nemiphumela kwezepolitiki zendawo. Ithimba elibusayo le-Antequera City Council lisole abaholi abaphikisayo, ikakhulukazi labo Iqembu leSocialist, of "ukusakaza amanga" futhi of "i-alamu" kubahlali ngemiyalezo, ngokombono wabo, engabonisi iqiniso lenqubo. Umeya ugcizelele obala ukuthi uMkhandlu Wedolobha usuthathe isinqumo isimo esicacile sokwenqatshwa nokuthi lokhu kuqoshwe ngaphambi kweJunta de Andalucía.
Nokho, kusukela ezikhundleni zobusoshiyali, uhulumeni kamasipala ugxekwe ngokuba kunqunyelwe ekwethulweni kwezinsolo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa, okungenani ekuqaleni, isu lokuxhumana elisebenzayo nezakhamuzi zaseLa Joya, eLos Nogales, eLa Higuera, nakwezinye izindawo ezithintekile. Abakhulumeli be-PSOE bafune ukuthi uMkhandlu Wedolobha Khulisa ulwazi oluqondile oluya emphakathini futhi afune ukuthi asekele izinqumo ezenziwe izakhamuzi mayelana nale phrojekthi.
Lokhu kushintshisana ngezinsolo kungeze ingxenye ethile ukungezwani kwezepolitiki Lokhu kunezela engxoxweni esivele iyinkimbinkimbi, lapho izintshisekelo zezomnotho, ezemvelo kanye nezenhlalo zihlangana khona. Okwamanje, isinqumo sokugcina semvume yezemvelo yeLa Joya H2 sisezandleni zikaHulumeni Wesifunda sase-Andalusia, okumele akhiphe isinqumo sawo ngemva kokuhlaziya isethi yemibiko, izinsolo kanye nezifundo okuthunyelwe ngesikhathi sokwaziswa komphakathi.
Okwamanje, icala lase-Antequera lilandelwa eduze nezinye izindawo zaseYurophu ezihilelekile ekuqalisweni kwe- amaphrojekthi emizila ye-hydrogen kanye namafutha okwenziwaIndlela leli cala elixazululwa ngayo ingaba uphawu lokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo ezindaweni zasemakhaya ezinenani eliphezulu lemvelo nelifa, lapho ukuguquka kwamandla kubhekene nenselele yokuvumelanisa izinhloso zesimo sezulu ne ukuvikelwa kwendawo kanye nokubamba iqhaza komphakathi.
Ngakho-ke ukucutshungulwa kwesitshalo se-hydrogen esiluhlaza eLa Joya sekuyindlela yokulinganisa yangempela yokuthi amaphrojekthi aphathwa kanjani eSpain naseYurophu. amaphrojekthi amakhulu kagesi ezindaweni ezibuthakathakaEtafuleni kukhona, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukubheja ku- isikhungo sezimboni esixhunywe ku-hydrogen evuselelekayo Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunesidingo samafutha ahlanzekile, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuvikela indawo eyingqayizivele, imisebenzi yasemakhaya ehlanganisiwe, kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila yalabo abahlala eningizimu ye-El Torcal; umphumela walo mzabalazo uzonquma kakhulu indlela yokuguquka kwamandla ezindaweni ezifana ne-Antequera.
