Ngaphambi kwe- amandla avuselelekayo, uchungechunge lwezinto ezihlanganisiwe phakathi kwe umnotho, ukunyakaza kwabantu, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nobuchwepheshe benze kusebenze uguquko lomhlaba wonke lohlelo lwamandla. Lokhu kukhiqize amathuba ebhizinisi, umsebenzi kanye nenzuzo yezomnotho obekungacatshangwa eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, asekelwa futhi amukelwa emphakathini ngaphansi kwelinye lamalebula aziwa kakhulu: ukusimama.
Emhlabeni wonke, Amazwe amaningi atshala izigidigidi ekufakeni amandla avuselelekayo, ngenxa yezinzuzo ezisobala abazethulayo. Lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, kodwa futhi kunciphisa ukuncika emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, kunciphisa i-carbon footprint. Lokhu kuthuthuka singakubona embikweni I-Ren21 “Renewables 2015 – UMBIKO WESIMO SOMHLABA WONKE”, egqamisa ukukhula okunamandla emkhakheni wamandla avuselelekayo emhlabeni jikelele.
Ukutshalwa kwezimali emandleni avuselelekayo 2004-2014
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukutshalwa kwezimali komhlaba wonke kumafutha avuselelekayo namandla kukhule kakhulu emazweni athuthukile nasathuthuka. Ngo-2014, ISpain yayiphakathi kwabaholi bomhlaba abayisikhombisa emandleni okukhiqiza amandla avuselelekayo, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezamandla amandla omoya. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni emithathu edlule kube nokwehla kokutshalwa kwezimali, okusishiya sinomthamo ofanayo ofakiwe.
Naphezu kokuma phakathi kuka-2012 no-2014, siyaqhubeka nokuba abakhiqizi abahle bamandla avuselelekayo. Kodwa kwenzekani lapho singakwazi ukukhulisa amandla ethu okukhiqiza avuselelekayo futhi sithembele ekusebenziseni amandla ezinsalela ukuze sihlangabezane nesidingo?
Spain namandla avuselelekayo ngo-2015
Umbiko we I-Spanish Electrical Network ka-2015 kuveza ukuthi, ngeshwa, ISpain isebenzise amandla amancane avuselelekayo kanye namalahle amaningi negesi uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule. Izizathu zifaka ukuhlukahluka kokukhiqizwa kwe-hydraulic nomoya, okurekhode ukwehla ngo-28,2% no-5,3% ngokulandelana. Naphezu kwalokhu, amandla omoya ahlala engomunye wemithombo emikhulu kagesi phakathi nezinyanga ezibalulekile njengoFebhuwari noMeyi.
Umthelela wokwanda kokukhishwa kwe-CO2
Ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwamafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi kuholela ekwandeni okuqondile Ukukhishwa kwe-CO2. Ngokusho kweGreenpeace, ngo-2015 iSpain kwadingeka ukuthi ikhokhe ngaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-100 zama-euro engeziwe kumalungelo ekhabhoni ngenxa yokwanda kwekhabhoni. Phakathi kuka-2008 no-2012, izwe lachitha ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-800 ukuthenga lawa malungelo, okugqamisa ukuntuleka kokutshalwa kwezimali ezintweni ezivuselelekayo phakathi neminyaka ebalulekile.
Le mali ebingase itshalwe ekwandiseni ukukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo imane yamoshwa ngokukhokhela ilungelo lokungcolisa. Ukube besitshale imali ngendlela efanele phakathi kuka-2012 no-2014, namuhla singase sijabulela amandla amakhulu kumandla omoya namandla elanga, ngaleyo ndlela sisindise lezo zigidi kumalungelo e-CO2 futhi sithuthukise ngokuphawulekayo indawo yethu yemvelo.
I-panorama 2016-2017
Naphezu kwemizamo yokukhuthaza inqubomgomo yezamandla ehambisanayo, u-2016 kanye no-2017 kulindeleke ukuthi kulandele inkambiso efanayo nowezi-2015, nokuma kokukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo kanye nokwanda kokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi. Umphakathi usebenzisa ugesi omningi, into ingqalasizinda yamanje engakwazi ukuyiphatha ngendlela eqhubekayo ngaphandle kokutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile kumandla avuselelekayo.
Ikusasa laseSpain emandleni avuselelekayo: izinselelo namathuba
Namuhla, iSpain isaqhubeka nokuba yisilinganiso emandleni avuselelekayo, kodwa ukugcina lobu buholi kubalulekile ukunqoba izinselelo zomnotho kanye nengqalasizinda. Ngokombiko wakamuva we-EY, iSpain isalokhu iphakathi kwamazwe aheha kakhulu ukutshalwa kwezimali kumandla ahlanzekile, igqame ezivumelwaneni zokuthenga amandla (i-PPA). Kodwa-ke, izinselele ezifana nezinkinga zamagridi kagesi kanye nezindleko eziphezulu zengqalasizinda zikhawulela inqubekelaphambili.
Ukutshalwa kwezimali endaweni yokugcina amandla ziyadlondlobala futhi, ngezinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe ze-BESS (amasistimu okugcina ibhethri) asathuthuka. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina kwegridi futhi kusetshenziswe ngokugcwele amandla avuselelekayo ngezikhathi ezithile njengelanga nomoya. Umthamo wokugcina ibhethri kulindeleke ukuthi uphindwe kane emhlabeni wonke ngo-2030, futhi iSpain nayo ihlukile kulo mkhuba.
Endaweni yezinto ezivuselelekayo ezishisayo nezasolwandle, ukutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile kwenziwa futhi kumanethiwekhi okushisa, ukushisisa nokupholisa, kanye namaphrojekthi okukhombisa amandla olwandle, ngokugxila okukhulayo ku-biogas nezinye izinto zokubasa.
Ubuchwepheshe obusha njenge-hydrogen eluhlaza, nakuba isabiza, inikeza ithuba elihle kakhulu. Ngokutshalwa kwezimali okudlula ama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-8.900 okuhlelelwe u-2030, i-hydrogen eluhlaza ingasusa ikhabhoni imikhakha yezimboni okunzima ukuyifakela ugesi.
ISpain isaqhubeka nokuba yindawo enelungelo lokuya kuyo ngokutshalwa kwezimali emandleni avuselelekayo ngenxa yesimo sezulu esivumayo, indawo enamasu kanye nokuqamba okusha okuqhubekayo emkhakheni wezamandla. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuthi uhulumeni nezinkampani ziqhubeke nokutshala izimali ezithe xaxa ezintweni ezivuselelekayo, ukunciphisa ukuncika emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi kanye nokubeka eqhulwini ingqalasizinda eyanele yekusasa lamandla ezwe.
ISpain ibhekene nezinselelo kodwa namathuba amahle. Ngokusekelwa okwanele kanye nombono ocacile wekusasa, izwe lingazihlanganisa njengomholi womhlaba oguqukweni lwezamandla libheke kumodeli esimeme futhi ehlanzekile.