I-Las amandla avuselelekayo Ziya ngokuya zisebenza ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe, zithola imiphumela emihle. ESpain, i- amandla we-biomass ibe nokukhula okuphawulekayo. Ngomhla zingama-21 kuNovemba 2017, i-European Bioenergy Day, i-Europe yakwazi ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zayo zamandla isebenzisa i-biomass. Nokho udaba lwaseSpain lukhombisa ukuthi kusenomsebenzi okumele wenziwe uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe ase-Europe. Lapha, uSuku lwe-Bioenergy lwagujwa ngo-December 3, okugqamisa ukubaluleka kokuphatha kangcono nokusebenzisa i-biomass ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzoneliseka kwamandla.
Ngokusho kwe- I-Spanish Association for Energy Recovery of Biomass (Avebiom), ISpain inamandla okuqhubeka nokusebenzisa i-biomass esele ukuze izinikeze yona ngamandla avuselelekayo. Lokhu kuphakamisa umbuzo obalulekile: Kungenzeka yini ukuthi iSpain ingamboza zonke izidingo zayo zamandla nge-biomass iyodwa?
Ukusetshenziswa ngokuyikho kwe-biomass
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-biomass njengomthombo wamandla kukhule kakhulu eSpain, ikakhulukazi i-biomass yezolimo, eyethulwa njengesisetshenziswa samandla sasendaweni esitholakala unyaka wonke. Lolu hlobo lwe-biomass lunezindleko eziphansi zezomnotho kunalolo oluvela emahlathini, okwenza kube inketho ekhangayo. Ukwandisa ukuqwashisa nolwazi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-biomass yezolimo kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukuthembela kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, okwandisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 futhi okungcolisa kakhulu.
Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-biomass uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo yiyo lula ukufakwa kanye nokusebenza kwezomnotho. Kunobuchwepheshe obusebenzayo obusivumela ukuthi sikhiqize amandla anele ukumboza izidingo ezahlukene. Phakathi kwemithombo ephumelela kakhulu ye-biomass yezolimo, i izivini. Iphrojekthi IMPILO ViñasxCalor ibonise ukuthi ukuthenwa kwesivini kungasetshenziswa njengesisetshenziswa samandla, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi ezifundeni ezifana ne-Peneedés, e-Barcelona.
Ngokusho amaphrojekthi afana ne-AgroBioHeat, iSpain ingalulindela usuku lwayo lwe-Bioenergy uma ithuthukisa ukuphathwa kwezitshalo zayo zezolimo nezamahlathi. Umgomo uwukufinyelela ukwanelisa amandla ngaphambilini, ukusondela emazweni afana neFrance, lapho kugujwa khona uSuku lwe-Bioenergy ngoNovemba 25. Uma igujwa kusenesikhathi, iSpain enekhono kakhulu kuzodingeka incike emandleni avuselelekayo avela ku-biomass phakathi nonyaka.
Inhloso yokuletha phambili usuku lokugubha
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe usuku lwe-Bioenergy Day, kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwe izinsalela zezolimo njengezinsalela zezinhlanga nokuthena, ngaphezu kweminye imithombo efana nezinsalela zehlathi. Ngokusho kwe-Avebiom, uma i- imililo yehlathi, ukuthenwa kwezihlahla zomnqumo, izihlahla zezithelo namahlumela ezivini, iSpain kunganciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi.
Iqiniso lokuthi iSpain ingaba namandla okuzimela ngesikhathi Izinsuku ze-28 Kusho ukuthi kungenzeka ukunciphisa ukuncika ekuthengeni uwoyela negesi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lolu hlobo lwamandla avuselelekayo lungahlinzeka ingxenye enkulu yezwe, nokho, ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kwengqalasizinda kanye nezinqubomgomo zokukhuthaza kuyadingeka ukuze kwandiswe le nsiza.
Amathuba e-agrobiomass eSpain
Ngo-2022, ukuphathwa kwe-biomass kumelele okungaphezu kwalokho 0,3% we-GDP yaseSpain, ikhiqiza imisebenzi eqondile nengaqondile engu-50.000 futhi ikhokhisa ngaphezu kwama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4.500. Indawo ebalulekile lapho i-biomass ihamba kahle kakhulu isesizukulwaneni esishisayo. Eqinisweni, limelela phakathi U-70% no-80% wamandla ashisayo e-Spain, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni yezimboni nezasekhaya. Lokhu kuncika okuphezulu ku-biomass ekushiseni kuyithuba elicacile lokukhula elingasiza ngaphambi koSuku lwe-European Bioenergy.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa kwe biomethane emfuyweni nasemfuyweni yezolimo iyakhula. ISpain isivele inezitshalo eziningana ze-biomethane ezisebenzayo, futhi le gesi evuselelekayo ifakwa kunethiwekhi ukuze isetshenziswe ezindlini nasezimbonini. Lesi ngesinye isibonelo samandla aseSpain okuzisekela kusetshenziswa imithombo yendawo ye-biomass.
Ukuncika ezintweni zokusetshenziswa ezivela phesheya
Akuwona wonke ama-biomass asetshenziswa eSpain avela ezweni. Ngokwesibonelo, i ama-biofuels namapellets asetshenziswa kwezinye izimboni zikagesi angeniswa kwamanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi evela ePortugal. Nokho, izinto zokwakha for ama-boilers wasekhaya we-biomass futhi ekusetshenzisweni okuningi kwezimboni zitholakala ikakhulukazi ku-biomass yazo, njengezinsalela zokuthena kanye nokuphathwa kwemfucuza yezolimo neyamahlathi.
E-Spain, iningi le-biomass, cishe i-70%, lisetshenziselwa ukufudumeza indawo yokuhlala, ngephesenti eliphansi elinikezelwe ekukhiqizeni ugesi. Leli phesenti linganyuka uma izinsiza ezikhona, njengamahlathi kanye nemfucuza yezolimo, bezingaphathwa kangcono. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele sicabangele imiphumela emibi yokungenisa i-biomass evela phesheya, njengoba iphikisana nezinjongo zokusimama ezifunwa nalolu shintsho lwamandla.
I-biomass kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe
Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ivumele ukusetshenziswa okungcono kwe-biomass, okugqamisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-biomethane kanye nezibaseli ezivuselelekayo eziwuketshezi, ezibalulekile emikhakheni efana nezokuthutha. Izinkampani ezifana ne-Repsol seziqalile ukukhiqiza 100% amafutha avuselelekayo, ukusebenzisa imfucuza efana namafutha okupheka namafutha ezimboni. Njengoba lobu buchwepheshe buthuthuka, i-biomass ingaba ukhiye wokukhiqiza uphethiloli osimeme ngezinga elikhulu.
Ezingeni lehlathi, i-biomass nayo idlala indima ebalulekile ku- ukuvimbela umlilo. Ukusetshenziswa kahle kwezinsalela zehlathi ukuze kuphehlwe amandla kunomthelela ekuphathweni okusimeme kwamahlathi, kunciphisa ubungozi bomlilo nokusiza ekulondolozeni imvelo.
I-Biomass iyinsiza ebalulekile yoshintsho lwamandla eSpain. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngendlela efanele ngeke nje kunciphise ukuthembela emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, kodwa kuzothuthukisa nokuthuthukiswa komnotho ezindaweni zasemakhaya, kuzinikeze isisombululo esihlanzekile nesivuselelekayo. Njengoba izinqubomgomo nobuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, i-biomass ingaba neqhaza elibalulekile ekuzaneleni kwamandla kagesi ezweni.