ISpain yaqeda u-2025 ngengozi encane, kodwa ebalulekile, ukwanda okungu-0,6% kokukhishwa kwamagesi okushisa komhlabacishe amathani ayizigidi ezingu-270 e-CO2 alingana nayo. Lokhu kukhula kuza ngemuva kweminyaka eminingana yokwehla nokwenyuka futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi izwe alisakayitholi indlela ecacile neqhubekayo yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi.
Ngaphandle kwe- intuthuko emandleni avuselelekayo, izibalo zesikhashana ezihlanganiswe yi- Ukusimama Observatory (OS) zibonisa ukuthi ukwehla okuhlanganisiwe uma kuqhathaniswa no-1990 akufinyeleli ku-5,8%, a igebe elikhulu kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa nomgomo wokunciphisa ngo-32% ngo-2030 njengoba kuchaziwe ku-Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan (PNIEC). Ngamanye amazwi, ijubane lamanje liphansi kakhulu kunalokho okudingwa yisimo esiphuthumayo sesimo sezulu kanye nalokho iSpain esizibophezele kukho ngaphakathi kwe-European Union.
Ibhalansi yokukhishwa kwegesi engahambisani nemigomo yesimo sezulu
Idatha ephethwe yi-OS ibeka ukukhishwa kuka-2025 cishe Amathani ayizigidi ezingama-270,04 e-CO2 alinganayo, uma kuqhathaniswa nezigidi ezingu-286,7 ezaqoshwa ngo-1990 kanye nezigidi ezingu-436,3 ngo-2005. Uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka wokugcina, ukwehla kungu-38,1%, kodwa ukugxila kweBrussels kanye ne-PNIEC kusezingeni lonyaka ka-1990, futhi lapho ukuvela kwezomnotho kuyasilela.
Ngokusho kochwepheshe abavela kwi-Observatory, ukufeza umgomo we-PNIEC kuzodinga izinga lokunciphisa ngonyaka eliseduze no-5% noma ngisho no-7% ngokuqhubekayo kuze kube ngu-2030. Kunalokho, indlela yeshumi leminyaka edlule ibilokhu ingaguquki: ngemva kokwehla ngo-2018, 2019 kanye nonyaka oyingqayizivele ka-2020, ukukhishwa kwegesi kwanda kabusha ngo-2021 nango-2022, kwehla ngo-2023, kwahlala ngo-2024 futhi sekukhona inyuka kancane futhi ngo-2025.
Umbiko we-OS uchaza le miphumela njenge “kuyadumaza” maqondana nezibopho zaseYurophu kanye nesimo esiphuthumayo sesimo sezulu. Ngokombono wakhe, iSpain iya ngokuya isuka kude, unyaka nonyaka, endleleni ehambisana neSivumelwano saseParis. naphezu kwenkulumo esemthethweni ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Ababhali baphinde baveze ukuthi izibalo ezisemthethweni azikahlanganisi ngokuhlelekile imithombo eminingana efanele yokukhishwa kwegesiLokhu kwenza isimo sangempela sibe bucayi kakhulu kunalokho okubonakala ezinqolobaneni ezijwayelekile.
Ukuphela kogesi okukhulu kuka-Ephreli kanye nokushintshela kugesi yemvelo
Esinye sezici eziyinhloko zombiko yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi "Ukuphela Okukhulu Kobumnyama" ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli 2025Lesi sigameko, esichazwe njengokuphazamiseka kukagesi okukhulu eYurophu emashumini eminyaka, sabangela ushintsho olusheshayo ekuphathweni kohlelo lukagesi lwase-Iberian Peninsula futhi saphawula uguquko ekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli.
Ngemva kokucima kogesi, impendulo evela kumlawuli kanye nomqhubi wesistimu yagxila kakhulu Qinisa ukuphepha kokuhlinzekwa ngezitshalo zegesi yemvelo ezihlanganisiweLokhu kwalimaza ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic omoya kanye nelanga. Umphumela waba ukwanda okukhulu kokukhishwa kwegesi okuvela emkhakheni kagesi kanye nokwenyuka kwamanani kagesi.
I-Sustainability Observatory ilinganisela ukuthi ukwanda kokukhishwa kwegesi okuvela emkhakheni wamandla ngamathani ayizigidi ezingu-2,4, okungaphezulu ngo-9% kunango-2024. Ngaphakathi kwaleli qembu, umkhakha kagesi yiwona othinteke kakhulu: ukukhishwa kwawo okungcolile kufinyelele cishe ku-29,5 million amathani e-CO2 alingana nawo, futhi angu-9% ngaphezu konyaka odlule.
Izitshalo zegesi yemvelo ezihlanganisiwe yizona ezibangela lokhu kubuyela emuva. Ngokusho kombiko, Ukukhishwa kwegesi okuhlobene nalezi zitshalo zikagesi kukhule ngo-26%.kanye namathani engeziwe ayizigidi ezingu-3,7. Ngokuphathelene nokusetshenziswa, kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwegesi yemvelo ohlelweni lwe-peninsula kwanda cishe ngo-38% ngemva kokuphela kogesi, kuyilapho Imithombo emikhulu yamandla avuselelekayo avele akhiqizwa yayichithwa. lokho akukwazanga ukulayishwa kunethiwekhi.
Ochwepheshe abaningana abahilelekile kulolu cwaningo, njengosomnotho UJosé SantamartaBakhuluma “ngezinyathelo ezingajwayelekile” ezenziwa umqhubi kanye nomlawuli, abakhethe “ukushisa igesi eningi” esikhundleni sokusebenzisa izixazululo zobuchwepheshe eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ezingabavumela ukuthi basebenzise ukukhiqizwa komoya kanye ne-photovoltaic okutholakalayo.
Izinto ezivuselelekayo ziyanda, kodwa azisetshenziswa kahle futhi azinawo umkhawulo wesitoreji owanele
Ngokumangalisayo, u-2025 wawungunyaka we- ukukhula kokukhiqizwa kwe-solar photovoltaicokwakhula ngo-12% futhi kwaqinisa lobu buchwepheshe phakathi kwemithombo ehamba phambili yokuxuba ugesi eSpain. Umoya kanye namandla kagesi aphuma emanzini, okwamanje, kwehle ngo-4%, kuyilapho amandla enuzi ehle ngo-1% kanye nokukhiqiza ndawonye ngo-6%.
Ngedatha yesikhashana, amandla omoya Waphinde wahola isakhiwo sesizukulwane cishe u-22% womkhiqizo uwonke, kulandele i-nuclear kanye ne-photovoltaic, zombili zinezabelo eziseduze no-19%. Izitshalo zomjikelezo ezihlanganisiwe zaba cishe u-17%, kanti amandla kagesi angaphansi kwamanzi ayecishe abe ngu-12% kanti ukukhiqiza ndawonye kuseduze no-6%. Ukucindezela kwemikhiqizo evuselelekayo Lokhu kuchaza ingxenye enhle yalolu shintsho lwengxube.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iCoal iqinisekisile ngokuqinisekile indima yayo encane ohlelweni lwamandla lwaseSpain. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwehle ngaphezu kuka-50% uma kuqhathaniswa no-2024, manje okumelela cishe 0,6% wokuphehlwa kukagesiokuhluke kakhulu kunesisindo eyayisiphethe eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Ngokuphathelene nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuyinhloko, kulinganiselwa ukuthi Amalahle ehle ngo-12%. ngo-2025.
Nakuba isabelo samandla avuselelekayo ekuxubeni kwamandla sifinyelele cishe ku-56% ngokusho kwezilinganiso ezivela ku-Red Eléctrica, umbiko we-OS ugcizelela ukuthi izinga eliphezulu lokusetshenziswa kabi kwamandla omoya kanye ne-photovoltaic phakathi nonyaka. Ukuntuleka kwezinhlelo zokugcina ezanele—amabhethri nezindawo zokugcina ezipompiwe— kanye nokuphathwa kwegridi okungaguquki kwakuyophoqa “ukumoshwa” komunye umkhiqizo ohlanzekile ngezikhathi zokukhiqizwa okuphezulu.
Ubuchwepheshe bokugcina obutholakalayo ngabe buvumele ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla angaba ngu-9,4 TWh ohlelweni, okuyisibalo i-Observatory esibheka njengesanele ukumunca wonke amandla avuselelekayo amanje kanye nalokho okulindeleke eminyakeni ezayo uma ukuthunyelwa kwemishini yelanga nomoya kusheshiswa.
Amafutha engeziwe kanye nokuthuthwa komgwaqo okwengeziwe: isithende sika-Achilles
Esinye isici esiyinhloko esichaza ukwanda kokukhishwa kwegesi ngo-2025 yi- ukusetshenziswa okwandisiwe kwemikhiqizo kaphethiloliikakhulukazi kwezokuthutha. Kuze kube ngu-Okthoba, ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela okulinganiswe ku-ktoe kukhuphuke cishe ngo-1%, kanti igesi yemvelo ikhule cishe ngo-5%. ezokuthutha emgwaqeni Kuhlala kungenye yezinto ezibalulekile.
Ngokohlobo lukaphethiloli, umbiko uqokomisa ukwenyuka kwentengo kaphethiloli ngo-8%Uphethiloli wedizili ukhuphuke ngo-3% kanti uphethiloli (osetshenziswa cishe kuphela ezindizeni) ngo-5%. Ezinye izinto ezifana nokugcoba, i-asphalt, ne-coke nazo zikhule ngo-5%, kanti amagesi kaphethiloli ancibilikisiwe (LPG) ehle ngo-13%.
Ezokuthutha ngomgwaqo, kokubili izimpahla kanye nabagibeli, waqhubeka nokukhuluphala ngo-2025 futhi yaqinisa indima yayo njengomunye wemikhakha enzima kakhulu ukuyisusa ekukhiqizeni i-carbon. Izitimela zempahla azifinyeleli kangako isabelo semakethe esingaba ngu-4%, okushiya amaloli njengomdlali ocishe abe namandla kakhulu ekuthuthweni kwezimpahla ngaphakathi kwezwe.
Ukungena kwe imoto kagesi Kusalokhu kulinganiselwe kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kuqhathaniswa namandla afana neShayina. Ngaphandle kokucindezelwa okukhulu kokuhamba kukagesi kanye nokudluliselwa kwempahla ezitimeleni, Isidingo sikadizili nophethiloli siyaqhubeka nokukhula kanye, nayo, ukukhishwa kwegesi okuhlobene nayo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuqala sekukonke kukhuphuke cishe ngo-2% ngo-2025, okubangelwa ukubuya kokusetshenziswa kwegesi kanye nowoyela. Lokhu kwenzeke ngemuva kokukhula kwe-GDP okungaba ngu-2,9%, okubonisa ubunzima bokuthi ukuqeda ukukhula komnotho ekusetshenzisweni kakhulu kwezinto ezisetshenziswa njengezimbiwa phansi ngezinqubomgomo zamanje.
Ukuvakasha okukhulu, izindiza kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi ngaphandle kwe-radar esemthethweni
Unyaka ka-2025 waphula amarekhodi emkhakheni wezokuvakasha. ISpain yathola cishe Izivakashi eziyi-100 millionokwakhiqiza imali engaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingama-€126.000 ekupheleni kukaNovemba, okwadlula kalula inani eliphelele lika-2024. Nokho, lokhu kuguquguquka komnotho kuye kwabangela umthelela onamandla wesimo sezulu, ikakhulukazi ngezindiza kanye nezokuthutha zasemanzini ezihambisana nazo.
Umbiko we-OS uphawula ukuthi ukukhishwa kwegesi okubangelwa izindiza zamazwe ngamazwe Futhi ukukhishwa kwegesi okuvela ezindleleni zasolwandle—okuthiwa “ama-bunkers aphesheya kwezilwandle”—akubalwa ngokwanele ohlelweni lwamanje lwempahla. Uma le mithombo ifakiwe, ibhalansi yokukhishwa kwegesi eSpain ngo-2025 ibiyoba phezulu kakhulu. Indima yalokhu Ukuthuthwa kolwandle kubaluleke kakhulu kulesi sigaba.
Ochwepheshe baveza ukuthi inhlanganisela yezokuvakasha okukhulu, ukuncika ekuthuthweni ngendiza, kanye ukuntuleka kwezinyathelo eziqinile zokunciphisa umthelela wekhabhoni kulo mkhakha Lokhu kuguqula ezokuvakasha zibe esinye sezici ezibalulekile ekumisweni kokususwa kwekhabhoni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona okukhulu kwamafutha emvelo kuzo zonke izixhumanisi ochungechungeni lwezokuvakasha—ukuhamba, indawo yokuhlala, izinsizakalo— Kwenza kube nzima ukushintshela kumodeli enekhabhoni ephansi uma izinguquko ezijulile nezihlelekile zingathathwa phakathi kohulumeni nezinkampani.
I-Observatory ixwayisa ngokuthi izinqubomgomo zomphakathi zihlala ziphikisana ezimweni eziningi: amasu akhuthazwa ukwandisa inani lezindiza nezivakashi, kuyilapho imigomo emikhulu yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi imenyezelwa ukuthi, Empeleni, kunzima ukuzivumelanisa nale modeli yokukhula.
Imililo, izehlakalo zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu kanye nonyaka ophawulwe yisimo sezulu
Umbiko ugcizelela ukuthi u-2025 wawungunyaka "okubucayi" ngokombono wesimo sezulu ESpain, ukulandelana kwezigameko zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu kushiye uphawu ezweni lonke. Amaza okushisa amade futhi aphindaphindayo aphakamise amazinga okushisa afinyelela emazingeni angakaze abonwe ezindaweni eziningi, okwandisa ingozi yemililo yasendle futhi kwathinta ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
Ngokusho kwedatha evela ohlelweni lwe-European Copernicus, ngo-2025 Cishe amahektha angu-400.000 ehlathi ashisiwe. ESpain, imililo ikhiphe cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingu-19 e-CO2 alingana nawo emoyeni, okuyisibalo esiphindwe kane kunaseminyakeni edlule.
Lokhu kukhishwa kwegesi, nakuba kungafakwa njalo ezinqolobaneni ngendlela efanayo naleyo etholakala kumafutha emvelo, Zinomthelela omkhulu ebhalansini yesimo sezulu yezwe futhi kugqamise ubuthakathaka bezinto eziphilayo ezizungezile ngenxa yokufudumala komhlaba.
Unyaka uphinde waphawulwa yi- iziqephu zemvula enkulu kanye nezikhukhula ezingxenyeni ezahlukene ze-peninsula, okuthinta ingqalasizinda, izindlu kanye nemisebenzi yezomnotho. I-Observatory ichaza lolu chungechunge lwezehlakalo njengokubonakaliswa okucacile kwendlela izakhamuzi zaseSpain esezivele zibhekana ngayo nemiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ekuphileni kwazo kwansuku zonke.
Ukuhlangana kokwanda kokukhishwa kwegesi okunonyaka ogcwele imiphumela yesimo sezulu kukhulisa ukukhathazeka kochwepheshe, abakholelwa ukuthi impendulo yesikhungo ayisanele uma kubhekwa ubukhulu benkinga.
Ubumpofu bamandla, izindlu kanye nokwehla kokusetshenziswa kwamandla
Ngale kwenani elikhulu lesistimu yamandla, umbiko ugxile ku imiphumela yomphakathi yokuguquka okungapheleleUmkhakha wezindlu uyaqhubeka nokuhlushwa ukuntuleka okukhulu kokusetshenziswa kahle kwamandla kanye nokuvuselelwa kwezindlu, okuholela emazingeni aphezulu obumpofu bamandla.
Ukwanda kwe amanani ezindlu namandla kusunduze inani elikhulayo lemindeni ezimweni lapho Kunzima ukugcina indlu isezingeni lokushisa elifanele. noma ukubhekana nezikweletu zamandla. ISpain iphakathi kwamazwe e-EU anezinkomba ezikhathaza kakhulu kule ndawo.
I-Observatory igxeka iqiniso lokuthi uhlelo olukhulu kakhulu lokuvuselela izindlu ezijulile alukasungulwa, olukwazi ukunciphisa isidingo samandla nokuthuthukisa induduzo yezindlu. Ukuntuleka kokusekelwa okuqinile Lezi zenzo, bakhomba, ziphazamisa kokubili imigomo yesimo sezulu kanye nentuthuko enhlalakahleni yomphakathi.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthunyelwa kwe ukuzisebenzisa nge-photovoltaic ophahleni —ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezindlu zokuhlala—kuye kwaphazanyiswa yizinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokwehla okuthile kokufakwa okusha. Imiphakathi yamandla, ebizelwe ukudlala indima ebalulekile ekubusweni kwamandla ngentando yeningi, isabhekene ne- i-bureaucracy echazwa ngokuthi “engapheli” ngababhali bombiko.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwamazwe ngamazwe kuyabonisa: amazwe afana ne-Australia, iCalifornia (USA) noma iJalimane aqongelele amashumi ama-gigawatts okusebenzisa wona ophahleni, kuyilapho iSpain, ine- imithombo yelanga engcono kakhulu, idlula kancane ama-gigawatt ayisishiyagalolunye afakwe kulesi sigaba, ngokusho kwezibalo eziqoqwe yi-OS.
Izikhungo zedatha kanye nezingcindezi ezintsha ekudingweni kukagesi
Esinye sezexwayiso ezikhishwe yi-Observatory sibhekisela ku ukukhula okulindelwe kwezikhungo zedatha ESpain, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezifana ne-Aragon, lezi zingqalasizinda zedijithali ezinkulu zizodinga ugesi omningi kakhulu, okubeka ingcindezi enkulu kugridi kagesi eminyakeni ezayo.
Umqondisi we-OS, isazi semvelo UFernando Prieto, besaba ukuthi, uma kungekho zinguquko ezibalulekile ezethulwa, Isidingo esikhulu sizohlangatshezwa kakhulu negesi yemvelo.ukuqhubeka nokuthembela kulo mafutha kanye nokwandisa kokubili ukukhishwa kwegesi kanye nentengo kagesi.
Ngokusho kukaPrieto, iSpain ayikhiphi igesi ephehla ugesi ngesivinini okufanele sibe ngaso, okuyinto engaba ngesivinini ukwehla kwaminyaka yonke kokukhishwa kwegesi okucishe kube ngu-7%Ngokombono wakhe, kunezinguquko ezibalulekile zesakhiwo—kusukela ekuhleleni kabusha imakethe kagesi kuya ku- ukufakwa kukagesi okukhulu kwezokuthutha— lokho kuyaqhubeka nokuhlehliswa.
Umbiko uphinde ukhombe ku- izinqubomgomo zomphakathi eziphikisanayoNgenkathi amasu esimo sezulu kanye nemigomo yokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni yethulwa, izinhlelo ezikhuthaza izindiza noma ezokuthutha emgwaqweni ziyagcinwa noma zandiswa, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlangabezana nemigomo yokunciphisa yaseYurophu yemikhakha esakazekile kanye naleyo engaphansi kweMakethe Yekhabhoni YaseYurophu (i-ETS).
Kulesi simo, izibikezelo zaseYurophu ngeSpain zidinga: a Ukwehla okungu-26% kokukhishwa kwegesi okuvela emikhakheni esakazekile futhi i Ama-43% emikhakheni ye-ETS uma kuqhathaniswa no-2005I-Observatory ixwayisa ngokuthi izitayela zamanje azibonisi ukuthi le migomo izofezwa ngaphandle kokushintsha indlela elandelwayo.
Ingcindezi yezepolitiki kanye nokugxekwa kwempendulo kahulumeni ethambile
Iziphetho zombiko we-OS zithinte kakhulu emkhakheni wezepolitiki. Kusukela emaqenjini ezemvelo, njenge I-Green AllianceUhulumeni ugxekwe nge- “ukuphola” kanye “nokunganaki” ezindabeni zesimo sezulu, egcizelela ukuthi, lapho sibhekene nenkinga yesimo sezulu, ukungaqhubeki phambili kufana nokubuyela emuva.
Umxhumanisi wayo kahulumeni, UJuantxo López de UraldeUphikisana ngokuthi ukwanda okungu-0,6% kokukhishwa kwegesi ngo-2025 kubonisa "ukushiywa" kokubaluleka kwezinqubomgomo eziluhlaza ohlelweni lukahulumeni. Ngokombono wakhe, ngesikhathi sesishayamthetho sangaphambilini, ezinye izinyathelo zaphuthunyiswa kanzima, kodwa manje ubona "ukunganeliseki ngokuphelele."
Kusukela kulesi sikhundla sezepolitiki, okulandelayo kuyadingeka isifiso esikhulu nesibindi Ukubhekana nokususwa kwe-carbonization, ukuqala ngokuthutha nokuqhubeka nokususwa okuqinile kumafutha emvelo. Bakholelwa ukuthi ukuqhubeka nokuxhasa lolu hlobo lwengqalasizinda nemisebenzi kuthuthukisa imodeli eqhubekayo Kunegalelo ngqo ekubi kakhulu kokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Ukugxekwa nakho kufakwe ngaphakathi komongo wamazwe ngamazwe we- igagasi lokusabela kanye nokwanda kokuphika isimo sezuluNjengoba izibalo ezifana ne-Trumpism zibhekwa njengezinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye ne-European Union ebhekwa njengengaqinile kangako kunasezinkathini zangaphambilini ebuholini bayo bendabuko bezemvelo, izazi zemvelo zikholelwa ukuthi le ndawo akufanele ibe yisizathu sokwehlisa izifiso zazo zasekhaya.
I-Sustainability Observatory, yona, igcina ithoni yobuchwepheshe, kodwa iyavumelana nombono wokuthi izwe Kusuka kude nemigomo ebekiwe. nokuthi izinqubomgomo zamanje azanele ukuqondisa kabusha indlela yokukhishwa kwegesi ngesikhathi esitholakalayo.
Njengoba usuku lokuvala lwesikhashana luka-2025 luqala, idatha ye-Observatory idweba isithombe lapho iSpain ikhuphule khona kancane ukukhishwa kwayo kwegesi kuya kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-270 e-CO2 elingana nayo, iqinise ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwegesi yemvelo kanye nowoyela, yehlulekile ukusizakala ngamanye amandla ayo avuselelekayo, futhi isalokhu ikude nokwehla okungu-32% okuzibophezele kukho ngo-2030 uma kuqhathaniswa namazinga ka-1990; inselele manje ilele ekuguquleni lokhu kuxilonga kube yizinyathelo eziqondile neziqhubekayo ezizogcina zivumele, ukuvumelanisa amandla kanye neqiniso lezomnotho lezwe nezibopho zalo zesimo sezulu.
