Guqula i- i-carbon dioxide kanye nokukhanya kwelanga kumafutha aketshezi Akuseyona nje into engavamile elabhorethri. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amaqembu amaningana ocwaningo aseYurophu nase-Asia abelokhu ethatha izinyathelo eziqinile zokuqinisekisa ukuthi amanye amafutha esikhathi esizayo avela ku-CO₂, okwamanje okubhekwa njengomkhiqizo olahliwe.
ESpain, iphrojekthi eholwa yi- I-Universidad Pública de Navarra Isebenzisana eduze nezikhungo zobuchwepheshe kanye nezinkampani ukuklama amadivayisi akhiqiza amafutha okwenziwa avuselelekayo avela emanzini kanye ne-CO₂Okwamanje, kwamanye amazwe, izinhlelo ze-photosynthesis zokwenziwa ziyathuthukiswa ezingafakwa kulezi zindlela zokukhiqiza, okudweba isithombe lapho "ukwenza uphethiloli emoyeni" kungasazwakali njengenganekwane yesayensi.
Iphaneli-kuya-kuFuel: ukukhiqiza uphethiloli ngelanga, amanzi kanye ne-CO₂ eSpain
Le phrojekthi Iphaneli-kuya-kuPhethiloli, ekhuthazwe yi-Public University of Navarra (UPNA) ngesikhungo se-INAMAT², i Isikhungo Sobuchwepheshe saseLurederra nenkampani Ubunjiniyela Bemishini baseNavarra (INM)Ihlose ukukhombisa ukuthi kungenzeka khiqiza uphethiloli wokwenziwa usebenzisa kuphela izinsiza ezivuselelekayo: imisebe yelanga, amanzi kanye ne-CO₂ ethathwe emoyeni.
Umqondo oyinhloko uwukufaka esikhundleni sengxenye ethile amafutha oketshezi atholakala kuphethiloli ngezinye izindlela ezihambisana nezinjini zamanje, kodwa ezikhiqizwa ngezinqubo ezingakhulisi i-CO₂ emoyeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuphakanyiswa umjikelezo lapho I-CO₂ ibanjwa emoyeni, kanti i-hydrogen eluhlaza itholakala kusetshenziswa ukukhanya kwelanga. futhi zombili zihlanganiswa ukuze kudalwe uphethiloli wokwenziwa ongasetshenziswa ekuthuthweni.
Le ndlela ihlose ukubhekana nenye yezinselelo ezinkulu zesimo sezulu: ukususwa kwekhabhoni kwemikhakha okunzima ukuyifakela ugesi, njengezokuthutha ezisindayo emgwaqweni, ezolwandle noma zezindiza, lapho ukushintshwa okuqondile ngamabhethri kungahlali kunenzuzo kwezobuchwepheshe noma kwezomnotho.
Le phrojekthi ayigcini nje ngokuthuthukiswa kwamakhemikhali, kodwa futhi ihlanganisa ukuhlaziywa kwezomnotho kanye nemvelo ukuthola ukuthi inqubo ingancintisana yini, esikhathini esimaphakathi, nezinketho zendabuko zamafutha emvelo kanye nezinye izindlela ezivuselelekayo esezivele zisemakethe.
Iphaneli ye-photocatalytic elingisa izitshalo
Enhliziyweni ye-Panel-to-Fuel kulele iphaneli ye-photocatalytic okusebenza ngendlela ehlukile kunephaneli evamile ye-photovoltaic. Esikhundleni sokukhiqiza ugesi, le divayisi isebenzisa ukukhanya kwelanga ukuze ahlukanisa ama-molecule amanzi bese ekhiqiza i-hydrogenngaphandle kwesidingo sokusebenzisa amandla avela kugridi.
Imiklamo ye-UPNA ama-reactor akhiqizwa kusetshenziswa ukuphrinta kwe-3Dnge-geometri eklanyelwe ukuveza kahle izinto ezisebenzayo emisebeni yelanga. Umgomo ukusabalalisa kangcono ukukhanya phezu kwendawo lapho kwenzeka khona ukusabela, ngaleyo ndlela kwandiswe inani le-hydrogen elingatholakala emanzini.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iLurederra Technology Centre iyasiza izinto ezincane ezikwazi ukubamba nokusebenzisa ukukhanya kwelanga ngempumelelo ephezuluLezi zinhlanganisela zisebenza njenge-photocatalyst, okungukuthi, zibangela futhi zisheshise ukusabela kwamakhemikhali lapho zithola ama-photon, okufana nalokho okwenziwa yi-pigment emaqabunga ezitshalo ngesikhathi se-photosynthesis yemvelo.
Inkampani i-Ingeniería Navarra Mecánica iphethe ubunjiniyela beprototype yokuqala ehlanganisiwe, iyunithi yokubonisa ezohlanganisa ndawonye ohlelweni olulodwa ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen, ukubanjwa kwe-CO₂ kanye nokuhlanganiswa okulandelayo kwamafutha avuselelekayo.
Ngokuhambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwale mishini, i-consortium isebenza ku izinto zokungenisa umoya ukuze zibambe i-CO₂ emoyeni, ekwazi ukugcina le gesi ebusweni bayo bese iyikhipha ngendlela elawulwayo ukuze iyifake ekusabeleni kokuguqulwa.
Kusukela ku-CO₂ kanye ne-hydrogen kuya kumafutha angoketshezi: i-methanol kanye ne-Fischer-Tropsch
Uma usunayo i-hydrogen eluhlaza kanye ne-CO₂ ebanjiweIsigaba esilandelayo ukuziguqula zibe ama-molecule angasetshenziswa njengophethiloli oketshezi. Ithimba eliholwa nguLuis Gandía Pascual noFernando Bimbela Serrano liyahlaziya imizila emibili emikhulu ukukwenza.
Izindawo zokuqala zokungcebeleka i-methanol njengesinyathelo esiphakathiKulesi simo, i-CO₂ isabela ne-hydrogen ukuze yakhe i-methanol, i-molecule engaguqulwa ibe amafutha ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu noma isetshenziswe ngqo kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni nezamandla.
Indlela yesibili isekelwe enguqulweni eguquliwe yenqubo UFischer-Tropschubuchwepheshe obaziwayo obuvumela ukuguqulwa kwezingxube ze-carbon monoxide ne-hydrogen zibe ama-hydrocarbon aketshezi afana namafutha avamileIsihluthulelo lapha ukulungisa izimo kanye nama-catalyst ukuze kuqale nge-CO₂ bese uthola izingxube zegesi ezifanele ukuxhasa leyo nqubo.
I-consortium iqhathanisa zombili izinketho ukuze inqume iyiphi indlela efanelana kahle nochungechunge olupheleleUma kucatshangelwa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, izindleko zokusebenza, ubunzima bobuchwepheshe kanye nokuhlanganiswa ne-module yokubamba i-CO₂ kanye nephaneli yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen ene-photocatalytic.
Ngokusho komcwaningi uFernando Bimbela, inhloko yeqembu le-QuiProVal e-UPNA, ama-prototypes athuthukisiwe asevele avumele Thola i-methane yelanga evela ku-CO₂ kanye ne-hydrogen eluhlazafuthi umsebenzi uyaqhubeka wokwandisa ama-hydrocarbon anenani eliphakeme lama-athomu e-carbon, eduze kwamafutha asetshenziswa nsuku zonke.
Umklamo ogobile, uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe kanye nokusekelwa kweYurophu
Esinye sezici ezihlukile zePanel-to-Fuel ukuthuthukiswa kwe- i-reactor enomklamo ogobile Lo mklamo ugxila imisebe yelanga ngqo endaweni lapho kwenzeka khona ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okubaluleke kakhulu. Lokhu kwakheka kwemvelo kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kangcono kokubili ukukhanya kwelanga nokushisa, okwandisa ukusebenza kahle kohlelo.
Umgomo omkhulu ukuba ne- ukuhlanganiswa kwe-modular okukwazi ukusebenza okuqhubekayo nokuzinzileukwenza imisebenzi emithathu ngesikhathi esisodwa: ukukhiqiza i-hydrogen, ukubamba i-CO₂ emoyeni, nokuyiguqula ibe uphethiloli wokwenziwa. Ukuguquguquka kuzosiza ekuguquleni amandla okukhiqiza ezindaweni ezahlukene, kusukela ezindaweni zokuhlola eduze kwezikhungo zocwaningo kuya ezitshalweni ezinkulu eziseduze nemikhakha yezimboni noma yezokuthutha.
Ngaphezu komklamo wezobuchwepheshe, iphrojekthi ihlanganisa izifundo zokusebenziseka kwezomnotho kanye nomthelela emvelwenikubalulekile ukuhlola ukuthi la mafutha okwenziwa angancintisana yini nodizili ojwayelekile, uphethiloli noma uphalafini, kanye nezinye izindlela ezifana nezimoto zikagesi noma i-hydrogen ecindezelwe.
Izici zephaneli ukuya kuphethiloli uxhaso oluvela kwi-State Research Agency, kusuka Uhlelo Lokutakula, Inguquko Nokuqina kanye nezimali zaseYurophu OkulandelayoGenerationEUkanye nosizo olufana noluthi I-RENOCogenLokhu kuqinisa indima yalolu hlobo lwephrojekthi esu lokususa i-carbonization kanye nokuvuselela izimboni okuluhlaza kweSpain kanye ne-European Union.
Ithimba lihlanganisa abacwaningi abavela ku-UPNA abafana no Luis Gandía, Fernando Bimbela kanye no-Ismael Pellejerokusuka ku-Lurederra, njengoba UCristina Salazar noCarmen Garijo; nasenkampanini i-Ingeniería Navarra Mecánica, phakathi kwabo Uxue LlorenteLokhu kubonisa ukubambisana okuseduze phakathi kweyunivesithi, isikhungo sezobuchwepheshe, kanye nomkhakha webhizinisi.
I-photosynthesis yokwenziwa: intuthuko yamazwe ngamazwe ekhomba kumafutha elanga
Ngesikhathi beseNavarre basebenza ukuhlanganisa yonke inqubo ohlelweni olulodwa lwe-modular, amanye amaqembu omhlaba wonke athuthuka engxenyeni ehambisanayo: ama-catalyst e-photonic asebenza kahle kakhulu ikwazi ukuguqula i-CO₂ isebenzisa ukukhanya kwelanga namanzi kuphela njengezinto eziyinhloko.
Isibonelo samuva sivela eqenjini elise- I-Chinese Academy of Sciences kanye ne-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, eye yaveza uhlelo lwe- i-photosynthesis yokwenziwa eyanyatheliswa kumagazini i-Nature Communications. Indlela yabo ihilela ukusebenzisa into ebizwa ngokuthi i-Ag/WO₃, i-trioxide ye-tungsten eguquliwe ngesiliva, esebenza njengohlobo lwe- isitoreji sesikhashana sama-electron ngaphakathi kwe-catalyst.
Uma lokhu kukhanyiswa, kungenza gcina futhi ukhulule ama-electron ngendlela elawulwayo, okuyisihluthulelo sokunciphisa i-CO₂ ngempumelelo enkulu. Uma ihlanganiswa ne-catalyst yama-molecule esekelwe ku-cobalt, i- i-cobalt phthalocyanineUhlelo luyakwazi ukuguqula i-CO₂ namanzi kube i-carbon monoxide ngesivinini esingcono kakhulu kunesokulungiselelwa kwangaphambilini.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zelebhu, amazinga okukhiqiza ngokulandelana kwe- Ama-millimole angu-1,5 e-carbon monoxide ngegremu ngayinye ye-catalyst ngehoracishe ngokuphindwe kayikhulu kune-catalyst efanayo ye-cobalt ngaphandle “kwe-charge reservoir” enikezwe yi-Ag/WO₃. Nakuba kusesezikalini ezincane, ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kubalulekile ngokwesayensi.
Ukuthi i-carbon monoxide ayiyona uphethiloli olungele ukusetshenziswa ethangini, kodwa iyingxenye ye- izakhi zokwakha zamakhemikhali eziyisisekelo zokukhiqiza uphethiloli wokwenziwa, ngokusebenzisa imizila yezimboni esivele yayaziwa njengokwenziwa kwegesi (ama-synga) kulandelwe izinqubo zohlobo lwe-Fischer-Tropsch, okuyi-logic efanayo ehlolwa kumaphrojekthi afana ne-Panel-to-Fuel.
Umklamo ohlanzekile: amanzi njengomthombo wama-electron
Enye yezinkinga ezivamile ezinhlelweni eziningi ze-photosynthesis yokwenziwa yisidingo sokusebenzisa ama-ejenti asebenzisekayoIzinto ezengeziwe zenza kube lula ukusabela kodwa ziyadliwa futhi zikhiqize imfucuza. Umklamo waseShayina uzama ukunqoba lo mkhawulo ngokusebenzisa amanzi njengomthombo wama-electron, indlela esondelene nokusebenza kweqabunga langempela.
Emvelweni, ama-molecule afana ne-plastoquinone agcina ama-electron okwesikhashana ukuze axhumane ukusabela okuningana kwe-photochemical ngesikhathi esisodwaIphefumulelwe yilokhu kuziphatha, uhlelo lwe-Ag/WO₃ luvumela i-tungsten ukuthi ishintshe isimo sayo se-oxidation ngokwamukela nokukhipha ama-electron, ukuze i-catalyst enciphisa i-CO₂ ibe nokushaja okwengeziwe isikhathi eside.
Lo mshini we isitoreji sokushaja ngezikhathi ezithile Kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo, okubalulekile uma lezi zinhlelo zizoshintsha zisuka elabhorethri ziye ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo lapho izindleko ngekhilogramu yomkhiqizo zibalulekile.
Iphuzu elithakazelisayo ukuthi idivayisi ayisebenzi nje kuphela ngaphansi kokukhanya okwenziwa okulawulwayo, kodwa futhi ihlolwe nge ukukhanya kwelanga kwemvelongenkathi igcina ikhono layo lokuguqula i-CO₂ ibe yi-carbon monoxide. Le mininingwane iphakamisa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bungahlanganiswa ama-reactor asebenza ngqo yi-renewables, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa igridi kagesi ngokudingekile.
Ngokombono wokuklama izinto zokwakha, isu le-Ag/WO₃ liziveza njengendlela eguquguqukayo, njengoba ukwesekwa okufanayo kungahlanganiswa ama-catalyst ahlukene athile kuye ngomkhiqizo wokugcina ofiselekayo, okuvula umnyango wokuthola uhla olubanzi lwamafutha kanye namakhemikhali avela elangeni.
Umthelela wesimo sezulu, izinselele kanye nokuhambisana nezinqubomgomo zaseYurophu
I kungenzeka guqula i-CO₂ ibe amafutha okwenziwa ngosizo lokukhanya kwelanga Ihambisana kahle namasu aseYurophu okususa i-carbonization, kodwa umnikelo wayo wangempela uzoncika kulo lonke umjikelezo wokuphila. Ukuze la mafutha angathathi hlangothi esimweni sezulu, i-CO₂ esetshenziswayo kumele ivele imithombo ethathwekungaba ukukhishwa kwegesi ezimbonini noma ngqo emoyeni, futhi yonke inqubo kumele inikezwe amandla avuselelweko.
Ngisho noma lezo zimo zihlangatshezwa, ochwepheshe baveza ukuthi Ukusebenza kahle sekukonke kusekude kakhulu nokufaneleka.Isigaba ngasinye — ukubanjwa kwe-CO₂, ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen, ukuguqulwa kube uphethiloli owuketshezi, ukugcinwa kanye nokusatshalaliswa — kuhilela ukulahlekelwa amandla okuguqula izindleko zomnotho kanye nesidingo samandla avuselelekayo afakiwe.
Noma kunjalo, la mafutha elanga angadlala indima ebalulekile kulezo zindawo lapho Akulula ukufaka ugesi ngqo noma ukushintsha izinjini kanye nengqalasizinda ekhona esikhathini esifushane. Izindiza, ezokuthutha zasemanzini, kanye nezimboni ezithile ezisindayo zivela ngokuphindaphindiwe kulolu hlu "okunzima ukuzinciphisa."
Ngokombono wenqubomgomo yamandla, kuvela imibuzo ewusizo kakhulu: Lizobiza malini ilitha yalolu hlobo lukaphethiloli? Uma kuqhathaniswa nodizili noma uphethiloli wendabuko, uzohlanganiswa kanjani nezindawo zokuhluza ezikhona kanye namanethiwekhi, futhi yiliphi izinga lokusekelwa elizotholwa yilobu buchwepheshe uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinketho ezifana nezimoto zikagesi noma i-hydrogen yamaseli kaphethiloli?
EYurophu, inhlanganisela yamaphrojekthi afana ne-Panel-to-Fuel kanye intuthuko yamazwe ngamazwe en i-photosynthesis yokwenziwa kanye nama-catalyst amasha Kukhomba isimo lapho i-CO₂ ingasabhekwa njengenkinga kuphela futhi ibhekwa njengengxenye yemithombo. Njengoba isimo sezulu sishisa futhi amanani kaphethiloli eshintshashintsha, intuthuko amafutha okwenziwa avuselelekayo asekelwe ekukhanyeni kwelanga kanye ne-CO₂ Kuvela njengendlela ehambisanayo yokuthi imboni kanye nemvelo ziqale ukuhamba ngendlela efanayo.