Intuthuko emandleni elanga iyaqhubeka ngokunganqamuki, futhi eminyakeni embalwa edlule, kube nezinqubo ezintsha eziphazamisayo kangangokuthi ziyishintsha ngokuphelele indlela esisebenzisa ngayo ukukhanya kwelanga. Ubuchwepheshe obusha, izinto zokwakha ezishintshashintshayo, nemiklamo evumelana nezimo kakhulu ithatha amaphaneli elanga ayise emazingeni angakaze abonwe okusebenza kahle, okunikela ekusimameni kwamandla kanye nokubeka amandla elanga njengesisekelo soguquko lwemvelo.
Kulesi sihloko, sizohlinzeka ngesibuyekezo esinemininingwane nesibanzi sayo yonke intuthuko ebumba imanje nekusasa lomkhakha we-photovoltaic, kusukela ekufikeni kwamaphaneli ohlobo lwe-N asebenza kahle ngaphezu kuka-25% kuya kubuchwepheshe obusafufusa obufana nama-perovskites namaphaneli aphrintekayo athembisa ukuguqula amadolobha ethu. Uma ufuna ulwazi oluphelele nolwakamuva mayelana okwakamuva ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla okuhambisana namaphaneli elanga, lokhu kuhlaziya kungokwakho.
Amaphaneli elanga e-N: ukusebenza kahle nokuqina
Enye yezinto ezintsha eziphawuleka kakhulu zango-2024 emakethe ye-photovoltaic ivela ku-Aiko, umkhiqizi waseShayina owethule iphaneli yelanga esebenza kahle kakhulu emhlabeni usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bohlobo lwe-N. Imodeli yeComet 3N72e izuza a ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwama-25,2% kanye namandla amakhulu angama-watts angu-650, isibalo esisibeka phezulu ngokusebenza kwangempela.
Leli zinga lokusebenza kahle lifinyelelwa ngokugudluza amabhasi ethusi ngemuva kwamaseli, okunciphisa ithunzi endaweni esebenzayo yephaneli. Lo mklamo awugcini nje ukuthuthukisa ukuvuna ukukhanya, kodwa futhi wehlisa ukuwohloka kwe-photovoltaic. U-Aiko uqinisekisa a ukugqokwa kwaminyaka yonke okungu-0,35% kuphela ngemuva konyaka wesibili, iqinisekisa ukuthi amaphaneli ayo azogcina u-88,85% wamandla awo ngemuva kweminyaka engama-30. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe izinhlobo ezahlukene zamandla elanga, lolu lwazi lungaba usizo.
Yenziwe ku- 144 ifomethi yeseli ye-photovoltaicNgesakhiwo se-mono-glass nesisindo esingaphansi kuka-30 kg, iComet 3N72e ihlanganisa ukukhanya namandla. Nakuba i-bifaciality idelwa, kunenzuzo enkulu ekusebenzeni kahle kwangaphambili, okulungele ukufakwa okubheke endaweni eyodwa noma lapho iqoqo elingemuva lingasebenzi.
I-Perovskites kanye nobuchwepheshe be-quantum: ikusasa selivele libhalwa
Ngenkathi amaphaneli asekelwe ku-silicon eqhubeka nokubusa emakethe, ubuchwepheshe obusha obufana amaseli e-perovskite ziya phambili ngesivinini. Nakuba, ngokusho kwabakhiqizi baseShayina, ukufika kwayo emakethe enkulu kungathatha iminyaka emihlanu, imiphumela yayo yaselabhorethri iyathembisa.
Lawa maseli asebenzisa izinto ezinesakhiwo esifana ne-perovskite yamaminerali esikhundleni se-silicon, evumela ukufeza ukusebenza kahle okukhulu kune-25% nge zehlisa kakhulu izindleko zokukhiqiza. Nokho, izinkinga zokuzinza nokuqina zisadinga ukuxazululwa ukuze kukhangiswe ngobuningi. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi amandla elanga enziwa kahle kanjani, ungafunda mayelana amabhethri e-lithium ama-inverters ezithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ithimba labacwaningi abavela eNyuvesi yaseLehigh (USA) lizuze ingqophamlando engakaze ibonwe ngokusungula impahla ye-quantum yamaseli elanga ekwazi ukukhiqiza kuze kube ama-electron amabili e-photon ngayinye emunnyiwe. Lobu buchwepheshe bukhombise ukusebenza kahle kwe-quantum yangaphandle (EQE) ka-190% kanye nokumuncwa kwamandla okungama-80%, uma kuqhathaniswa nama-30% kumaphaneli elanga ajwayelekile.
Amaphaneli elanga aphrintekayo, angasindi, futhi azacile kakhulu
I-MIT iphinde iguqule umkhakha ngeyakhe amaphaneli elanga angaphrintwa futhi alula, enikeza ukusebenza kahle okungu-370 W/kg. Lawa mapaneli, akhiqizwa nge oyinki be-photovoltaic nezindlela eziyisisekelo zokuphrinta isikrini, ingafakwa kunoma iyiphi indawo: izindwangu, insimbi, ipulasitiki ngisho noseyili besikebhe noma amaphiko e-drone.
Ngaphezu kokuguquguquka kwazo, zinikeza ukuqina okumangalisayo: zingalinyazwa izikhathi ezifika ku-500 ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngaphezu kwe-10% yomthamo wazo. Lobu buchwepheshe buvula indlela yezinto ezigqokwa yilanga kanye nezixazululo zokuphehla amandla ezindaweni lapho isisindo nokuguquguquka kubaluleke kakhulu. Kungase futhi kuthakazelise ukucabangela izinzuzo Amandla elanga kulezi zinguquko ezintsha.
Amaseli e-Bifacial, heterojunction kanye nama-multijunction
Njengamanje, ngaphezu kwamaphaneli ohlobo lwe-N, ubuchwepheshe obusha kakhulu be-photovoltaic amapaneli amabili ebusweni kanye nalabo i-heterojunction (HJT).
- Amaphaneli we-Bifacial Zivumela ukukhanya ukuthi kuthwetshulwe nhlangothi zombili zemojuli, okwandisa kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwayo okuphelele, ikakhulukazi uma kufakwe ezindaweni ezikhanyayo.
- Amaseli e-Heterojunction Bahlanganisa i-silicon ye-crystalline nezinto zefilimu ezincane ezifana ne-amorphous silicon, okuvumela ukusebenza okushisayo okukhulu nokusebenza kahle okuphelele.
- Amaseli e-Multi-junction Bapakisha izinto ezihlukile ze-semiconductor ezithwebula ubude beza obuhlukene bokukhanya, okwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa.
Kulo mugqa, uhlobo lwe-Huasun lwethule iphaneli ye-HJT enamandla okukhiphayo we 750 W kanye nokusebenza kahle okungu-24,16%.. Olunye uhlobo oluphawulekayo yi-Risen, nemodeli yalo ye-RRSM108-10-450-BNDG enikeza ukusebenza kahle okungu-22,1% ku-450 W. Funda kabanzi mayelana amandla elanga we-thermoelectric uma unentshisekelo yokufunda okwengeziwe mayelana nezinhlelo zokusebenza zelanga ezahlukahlukene.
Izinto ezintsha eziqanjiwe: ingilazi yokuzihlanza namaseli ezinto eziphilayo
I-Public University yaseNavarra ithuthukise a ingilazi ephefumulelwe amaqabunga e-lotus okunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwelanga futhi kuthuthukisa ukuthunjwa kwamandla, ngaphezu kokuzihlanza. Lokhu okusha kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle ngokuvimbela ukunqwabelana kothuli nokungcola, izimbangela ezivamile zokulahlekelwa ukusebenza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-United Kingdom, amaqembu abacwaningi enze inqubekelaphambili ku amaseli elanga aphilayo, ezisebenzisa ama-polymer noma ama-synthetic molecule. Lawa maseli ayashintshashintsha, alula futhi ayonga, nakuba engasebenzi kahle kunamaseli e-silicon. Ukucushwa kwamangqamuzana amasha kuvumela ukudluliswa kwama-electron okuthuthukisiwe, okuholela kumiklamo eqhudelana kakhulu. Ukuze uthole ukubuka konke okuphelele, ungaphuthelwa amaphaneli elanga asetshenziswe kabusha njengenketho yesikhathi esizayo.
Ama-solar panel ajwayelane nendawo yasemadolobheni nezakhiwo
Ukuhlanganiswa kwamaphaneli elanga ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo kuya ngokuya kuvame. Izixazululo ezifana ingilazi ye-photovoltaic y amafilimu elanga aguquguqukayo ezingafakwa kuma-facade, ophahleni noma amafasitela ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ubuhle.
Ekuthuthukisweni kwasemadolobheni okuqondile, okufana namabhilidi wengilazi, ingilazi yelanga ivumela amandla ukuthi akhiqizwe ngaphandle kokuguqula umklamo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izindlu zamukela izakhiwo ezizungezayo ezigqugquzelwa ubhekilanga olandela ilanga, okwenza ukukhiqizwa kwawo kwansuku zonke kube ngcono.
Izimo zangempela: imboni kanye nempatho yokungenisa izihambi itshala amandla elanga
Ukuqaliswa kobuchwepheshe belanga akugcini nje endaweni yasekhaya. E-Dénia, indawo yokudlela i-El Faralló ifake isitshalo se-photovoltaic 50 kW ukuze uzisebenzise, enamaphaneli eSolar eLongi anobuchwepheshe be-Topcon. Lesi sixazululo asigcini nje ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukagesi ngo-50% kuya ku-70%, kodwa futhi sihlinzeka umthunzi kumakhasimende ngokusebenzisa i-solar pergolas.
Uhlelo has amaphaneli alungiselelwe ukusebenza nangaphansi komthunzi oyingxenye kanye nesakhiwo esiqiniswe ngezinqe zikakhonkolo. Umphumela: ibhizinisi elisebenza kahle, elisimeme, futhi elinethezekile, elithuthukisa isithombe salo phakathi komphakathi oqaphelayo ngokubaluleka kokunciphisa i-carbon footprint yayo.
Ukuphathwa okuhlakaniphile, i-AI, kanye ne-blockchain: i-solar energy leap yedijithali
Ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi edijithali ye qapha futhi uphathe amasistimu elanga ngesikhathi sangempela ikhula ngokushesha. Amapulatifomu asekelwe ku ukuhlakanipha okufakelwayo Zikuvumela ukuthi ulungise ukuma kwamaphaneli, ubikezele ukukhiqizwa kwawo futhi wandise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngokuya ngesidingo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufakwa kwe blockchain Iguqula ukulandeleka kwamandla elanga kanye nendlela imiphakathi yamandla esebenzisana ngayo, ikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlanganyela kanye nokusebenzisana. i-decentralized microgrid.
Ukubaluleka kokusebenza kahle kwangempela kanye nokuwohloka konyaka
Ngaphandle kwamandla aphezulu, enye yezinto ezibalulekile ekuhloleni ikhwalithi yephaneli yelanga ukuthi yayo ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kwangempela. Lokhu kutholwa ngokubala ubudlelwano phakathi kwalokho okutholwa yiphaneli nalokho elikukhiqizayo, kucatshangelwa ukushiswa kwemisebe evamile nezimo zokushisa.
Kubonisiwe futhi lokho izinga lamaseli kanye nezinga lokuwohloka konyaka ithonya kakhulu inzuzo yesikhathi eside. Izinga lokuwohloka elingaphansi kuka-1% ngonyaka, njengoba linikezwa amamodeli amasha e-Aiko, liqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu ngisho nangemva kwamashumi eminyaka ambalwa. Kulabo abafuna ukutshala izimali, kubalulekile ukucabangela ama-solar panel angcono kakhulu ekhaya.
Uma ukhetha iphaneli yelanga, ngaphezu kwamandla ayo, udinga ukucabangela ukusebenza kahle kwayo (okungcono ngaphezu kuka-22%), ukubekezelela ukushisa, ukuqina kwayo kwezinto ezibonakalayo, kanye nesiqinisekiso sokusebenza isikhathi eside.
Ukuvela kwamandla elanga ngo-2024 kuzoholela ekubunjweni kabusha okuphelele komkhakha: kusukela kuzixazululo ze-ultralight kuya kumaphaneli aphrintekayo, okuhlanganisa amaseli e-quantum nezinto zokuzihlanza. Lezi zindlela ezintsha zivumela amazinga okusebenza akhula njalo, kuyilapho kunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza futhi kusiza ukuhlanganiswa kwazo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezikhala. Konke kubonisa ukuthi, eminyakeni embalwa, amandla elanga ngeke abe ahlanzekile kuphela, kodwa futhi anenzuzo kakhulu futhi afinyeleleke.
