El Ibhalansi yamandla eSpain Sekuyisibonakaliso esibalulekile sokuqonda ukuthuthuka komnotho, ukuguquka okuluhlaza, kanye nokuphepha kokunikezwa kwezwe. Idatha esemthethweni kanye nemibiko ehlukahlukene ikhombisa ngokusobala imvelaphi yamandla esiwasebenzisayo, indlela esiwasebenzisa ngayo, kanye nendima ekhulayo yamandla avuselelekayo uma kuqhathaniswa namafutha emvelo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, le ndawo yamandla incike enanini elikhulu izibalo, amamephu asebenzisanayo kanye nezindlela zokusebenza Lolu lwazi, olulungiselelwe yi-Ministry for Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge (MITECO), i-IDAE, i-Red Eléctrica, kanye nezinye izinhlangano, luvumela ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi oluthe xaxa, kokubili ezingeni lenqubomgomo yomphakathi kanye nasemkhakheni webhizinisi, futhi, empeleni, kunoma ubani ofuna ukuqonda kangcono ingxube yamandla yaseSpain.
Iyini ibhalansi yamandla yaseSpain futhi ibalwa kanjani?
Uma sikhuluma ngebhalansi yamandla kazwelonke, sibhekisela kumbhalo wezibalo oqoqa, ngendlela ehlelekile, wonke amandla angena, ayaguqulwa futhi asetshenziswe emnothweni waseSpain phakathi nonyaka. Kuhlanganisa kokubili amandla ayisisekelo (lokho okuvela ngqo emvelweni) kanye namandla okugcina (lokho okufinyelela kubathengi kanye nemikhakha ekhiqizayo).
ESpain zinyatheliswa minyaka yonke izilinganiso zamandla eziyinhloko nezokugcina Kuvezwa ngamathani ayizinkulungwane zamathani alinganayo kawoyela (ktoe). Lezi zilinganiso zichaza izinhlobo zamandla ezifika ku-69 ezahlukene kanye nokugeleza kwamandla okungu-128 kanye/noma imikhakha yokusetshenziswa, okuvumela ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwesakhiwo samandla. Uchungechunge lomlando luqala ngo-1990 futhi luqhubekela phambili kuze kube ngu-2024, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukulandelela ukuvela kwesikhathi eside kwemodeli yethu yamandla.
Ngaphezu kwebhalansi yokugcina yonyaka ngamunye, i- umbiko wesikhashana webhalansi yamandla kazwelonke okubikezela izitayela eziyinhloko zesikhathi sakamuva. Kanye nale mibhalo, i-MITECO yenza umphakathi uthole indlela eningiliziwe yokulinganisela kwamandla kwaminyaka yonke, ichaza izindlela zokuguqula, imithombo yedatha, kanye nezici zokuguqula phakathi kwamayunithi wamandla ahlukene.
Ingxenye ebalulekile yalo msebenzi wezobuchwepheshe yi- amanani okushisa aphansi kanye nezici zokuguqulwa yemikhiqizo ehlukene yamandla. Lezi zinhlaka zisivumela ukuthi siguqule, isibonelo, amamitha ayi-cubic egesi, amathani amalahle, noma amalitha kadizili abe yiyunithi yamandla evamile, okubalulekile ukuhlanganisa, ukuqhathanisa, nokumelela kahle isisindo somthombo ngamunye ebhalansini iyonke.
Isakhiwo sokusetshenziswa: amandla ayinhloko kanye namandla okugcina
Ngo-2024, idatha yesikhashana eyethulwe nguMnyango ikhombisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuyinhloko Ikhula cishe ngo-2,1% uma kuqhathaniswa no-2023, ifinyelela cishe ku-ktoe eziyi-117.452. Ngaphakathi kwalesi sibalo, kubonakala ukuziphatha okuhluke kakhulu kuye ngokuthi umthombo uvelaphi: amandla avuselelekayo anda cishe ngo-6,2%, kuyilapho amalahle ehla cishe ngo-11,6% kanti igesi yemvelo yehla cishe ngo-4,6%.
Uma sibheka i isidingo sokugcina samandla —leyo efinyelela emakhaya, embonini, ezokuthutha, kanye nezinsizakalo ngempela— ukukhula ngo-2024 kuphakeme, cishe ngo-3,7%, kufinyelela cishe ku-83.597 ktoe. Lo mehluko phakathi kokwanda kwamandla ayisisekelo nawokugcina uchazwa, ngokwengxenye, ngokusebenza kahle okukhulu kwamandla avuselelekayo ekuguqulweni kanye nokukhula kwezomnotho ukuzisebenzisa ngamaphaneli elanga, okunciphisa ukulahlekelwa okuhlobene nokukhiqizwa kanye nokudluliselwa okuhlanganisiwe.
Isibonakaliso esivame ukulandelwa yilesi ukuqina kwamandlaOkusho ukuthi, kungakanani amandla asetshenziswayo ukukhiqiza iyunithi eyodwa ye-GDP. Ngo-2024, amandla ayisisekelo ancipha cishe ngo-1%, kuyilapho amandla okugcina enyuka kancane, cishe ngo-0,6%. Naphezu kwalokhu kukhula okuncane kwamandla okugcina, umyalezo oyisisekelo uwukuthi umnotho waseSpain uyakhula (i-GDP iyanda cishe ngo-3,5% uma kuqhathaniswa no-2023) ngenkathi kusetshenziswa amandla amancane kakhulu, okukhomba ekuthuthukisweni kokusebenza kahle kanye nezinguquko zesakhiwo.
Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi, ngokwemibandela yomhlaba wonke, ISpain isalokhu iyizwe elingenawo amandla aneleKusetshenziswa amandla amaningi kakhulu kunalawo akhiqizwa ngaphakathi kwemingcele yezwe. Isidingo samafutha emvelo—ikakhulukazi uwoyela negesi yemvelo—siyaqhubeka nokubala ngaphezu kwama-70% okusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele, kuyilapho ukukhiqizwa kwale mithombo yasekhaya kuncane kakhulu, cishe kuncane kakhulu. Lokhu kuholela ekuthembekeni okukhulu ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe kanye nokuchayeka okukhulu emananini aphesheya.
Ukukhiqizwa kukagesi kanye nendima ekhulayo yemithombo evuselelekayo
Ensimini kagesi, isizukulwane esiphelele ngo-2024 Lokhu kubonisa ukushintsha okucacile kusuka kubuchwepheshe be-fossil fuel esikhundleni se-regeneratives. Idatha yesikhashana ikhombisa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo kuyanda cishe ngo-11,9%, kuyilapho amandla enuzi ehla cishe ngo-4,1%, igesi yehla cishe ngo-18,6%, kanti amalahle ehla ngaphezu kuka-22%.
Ngaphakathi kokukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo uqobo, kukhona futhi izici ezibalulekile. Ngo-2024, eminye imithombo evuselelekayo izokhula cishe ngo-4,1%, I-Solar photovoltaic Amandla okushisa kwelanga akhuphuka ngokwanda okungu-23,7%, amandla okushisa kwelanga ancipha cishe ngo-12,1%, amandla kagesi wamanzi angapompi aphinde abuyele emuva cishe ngo-37,6% (okuhlobene kakhulu namaphethini emvula), kanti amandla omoya abonisa ukwehla okuncane cishe ngo-3,4%.
Imibiko ehambisana nebhalansi kagesi ihlanganisa amashadi ngesakhiwo sokukhiqiza kanye nokusatshalaliswa phakathi kwemithombo evuselelekayo nengavuseleleki, ukuze umnikelo wamandla namandla wobuchwepheshe ngabunye ekuhlangabezaneni nesidingo ubonakale ngokucacile. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ulwazi olushicilelwe alufaki idatha ngamandla alinganisiwe akhiqizwa ukufakwa kokusetshenziswa ngokwakho, ingxenye ekhula ngokushesha futhi ngenxa yalokho yenza isisindo sangempela sokukhiqiza okuvuselelayo okusatshalaliswa sibe sikhulu nakakhulu kunalokho okuboniswa kuzibalo ezivamile.
Lokhu kuhlaziya kufaka phakathi idatha evela ku- Isidingo sikagesi silungisiwe ngenxa yokushisa namahora okusebenzaLokhu kusenza sikwazi ukuhlukanisa umthelela wezinsuku zaphakathi nesonto/amaholide kanye namaza okushisa noma amakhaza ekusetshenzisweni kukagesi. Ngale ndlela, singabona ngokunembile umkhuba oyisisekelo wokusetshenziswa kukagesi, kanye nesidingo esiphezulu samahora kanye nesansuku zonke esiqoshwe unyaka wonke.
Ukuxuba amandla, ukufakwa kukagesi kanye nokuthembela kumafutha angaphansi komhlaba
Omunye wemiyalezo ephindaphindwa kaningi ekuhlaziyweni okusemthethweni ukuthi Amandla eSpain ayaqhubeka nokubuswa yizinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansiNaphezu kokwanda okuphawulekayo kwemithombo evuselelekayo, incazelo ilula: uwoyela, igesi yemvelo, kanye, ngezinga elincane, namalahle, kusabalulekile kwezokuthutha, kuyingxenye yezimboni, futhi kuseyingxenye yokukhiqizwa kukagesi.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-matrix yamandla noma ingxube ISpain kumele iqhubeke noguquko lwayo. Umgomo uwukushintsha kancane kancane uphethiloli wezinto ezisetshenziswayo ngemithombo evuselelekayo, kokubili ekukhiqizeni ugesi nakwezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa, ikakhulukazi kwezokuthutha kanye nokwakha ukulawulwa kwesimo sezulu. I-European Union ibeke umgomo ocacile wokususa i-carbonization maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka, futhi iSpain ifuna ukuzivumelanisa nalomgomo ngokusheshisa ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuhlanzekile.
Isu lokunciphisa lokhu kuncika lisekelwe ku- ukufakwa kukagesi okukhulu ohlelweni lwamandlaISpain ikhiqiza inani elikhulayo likagesi ovuselelekayo—umoya, ilanga, ugesi wamanzi, i-biomass, njll.—futhi ihlose ukuhlangabezana nesabelo esikhulayo sokusetshenziswa kokugcina ngogesi ohlanzekile. Lokhu kudinga, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukwenziwa kwesimanje nokwandisa igridi kanye nokusabalalisa. isitoreji samandla (ukupompa, amabhethri, ubuchwepheshe obusha) futhi bathuthukise ama-vector njenge-hydrogen evuselelekayo yalezo zinto okunzima ukuzisebenzisa ngqo.
Njengamazwe amaningi angakhiqizi uwoyela, iSpain iyazama hlukanisa imithombo yabo yamandla eyinhloko kufaka phakathi ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene obuvuselelekayo: ugesi wamanzi, umoya, i-photovoltaic yelanga kanye ne-thermoelectric, i-biomassi-biogas, amandla okushisa komhlaba, noma amandla olwandle. Umgomo ukunciphisa ukuchayeka ekushintsheni kwezimakethe zamafutha ezisetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke ngenkathi kunciphisa umthelela wesistimu yamandla emvelweni.
Amamephu asebenzisanayo akhiqizwe yizinhlangano zomphakathi ezahlukene abonisa, isibonelo, ukukhiqizwa kukagesi ngesifundazwe kanye nohlobo lomthomboNgale datha, kungenzeka ukuhlola ukuthi yiziphi izindawo ezivelele ekukhiqizweni kwamandla omoya, ezigxila kumthamo we-photovoltaic, lapho amandla kagesi asebenza khona ngamanzi evame kakhulu, noma ukuthi yiziphi izindawo ezinegalelo elikhulu kwi-biomass. Lokhu kusenza sikwazi ukucabanga, isibonelo, ngemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo eyinhloko yezwe nokuthi yiziphi izifundazwe ezihola phambili ekukhiqizweni kukagesi.
Izincazelo ezibalulekile: amafutha asetshenziswa kudala, amandla avuselelekayo, kanye namandla ayisisekelo
Ukuze uqonde ngokugcwele ibhalansi yamandla, kuyasiza ukucacisa imiqondo eyisisekelo esetshenziswa njalo emibikweni nasezibalo. Okokuqala, izinto zokubasa Lezi yizinsalela zezinto eziphilayo ezakhiwe ngezinsalela zezitshalo, izilwane, kanye nezinambuzane ezincane ezangcwatshwa futhi zabhekana nokucindezeleka okuphezulu kanye namazinga okushisa oqweqweni loMhlaba izigidi zeminyaka. Ngokuvamile zitholakala ngesimo samalahle, uwoyela, noma igesi yemvelo futhi zakha imithombo yamandla engavuseleleki; okungukuthi, inani lazo lilinganiselwe futhi azivuseleli ngokwesikhathi somuntu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Amandla achazwa njengomthamo wezinto ozokwenza umsebenzi futhi kuzibonakalisa ngezindlela eziningi: ukunyakaza, ukushisa, ukukhanya, umsindo, njll. Iyunithi yokulinganisa ohlelweni lwamazwe ngamazwe yi-joule (J), nakuba ensimini yamandla ama-kilowatt-hours (kWh), kusetshenziswa amathani amafutha alingana (uzwane) noma amanye amayunithi asebenzayo avumelaniswe namafutha ahlukene kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo.
I-Las Amandla avuselelekayo atholakala emithonjeni yemvelo engapheli. Ngokwezinga lomuntu, lokhu kufaka phakathi ilanga, umoya, amanzi, kanye ne-biomass evela emfucumfucwini wezinto eziphilayo. Kubhekwa njengendlela ehlukile eqinile esikhundleni semithombo evamile ngoba, uma kuphathwa kahle, umthelela wazo emvelweni uvame ukuba phansi kakhulu futhi zivumela ukwehla kokukhishwa kwamagesi okushisa okushisa kanye nokunye ukungcola komoya.
Umkhakha wamandla avuselelekayo uhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obufana no amandla wokubacindezela (isebenzisa amanzi avela emifuleni nasezindaweni zokugcina amanzi), i-photovoltaic yelanga kanye ne-thermoelectric (guqula imisebe yelanga ibe ugesi noma ukushisa), amandla omoya (isebenzisa amandla omoya ukuhambisa ama-turbine omoya), i-biomass (izinto eziphilayo ezivela kwezolimo, emahlathini, emfuyweni noma emfucumfucwini yasemadolobheni kanye neyezimboni), i-geothermal (ukushisa kwangaphakathi koMhlaba) noma amandla olwandle kanye namagagasi (okutholakala ekuhambeni kwamagagasi namagagasi).
Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlukanisa phakathi amandla ayinhloko kanye namandla okugcinaAmandla ayinhloko amandla angakaze adlule kunoma iyiphi inqubo yokuguqulwa eyinkimbinkimbi futhi atholakala ngqo emvelweni ngesimo sawo sokuqala: amalahle, uwoyela ongahluziwe, igesi yemvelo, i-uranium yemvelo, noma ngisho nemithombo evuselelekayo (imisebe yelanga, umoya, ukugeleza komfula, njll.). Amandla okugcina, ngakolunye uhlangothi, amandla asevele ashintshiwe futhi atholakala ukusetshenziswa ngqo komsebenzisi: ugesi, igesi yamapayipi, uphethiloli wezimoto, ukushisa okusebenzisekayo, phakathi kokunye.
Imithombo ye-biomass, umoya, i-geothermal kanye neminye imithombo evuselelekayo ohlelweni lwaseSpain
Ngokwesimo sebhalansi yamandla yaseSpain, i-biomass idlala indima ebalulekile kokubili ugesi kanye nokukhiqizwa kokushisa. Kubhekwa njengomthombo ovuselelekayo ngoba kusebenzisa izinto eziphilayo ezivela emfucumfucwini yezolimo, yezilwane, kanye neyamahlathi, ingxenye yemvelo yemfucumfucu yasemadolobheni, noma izimboni ezifana nomkhakha wokudla kwezolimo. Ukushisa, ugesi, kanye namandla kungakhiqizwa kule biomass. ama-biofuel aketshezi noma agesi ezokuthutha.
La amandla omoya Amandla omoya angenye ingxenye ebalulekile yengxube yamandla yaseSpain. Ungumthombo wamandla avuselelekayo osebenzisa amandla e-kinetic omoya usebenzisa ama-turbine omoya, ama-rotor awo aguqula ukunyakaza komoya kube amandla omshini, abe esesetshenziswa yijeneretha ukukhiqiza ugesi. Ngokomlando, iSpain ibilokhu iphakathi kwamazwe ahamba phambili emhlabeni ngamandla omoya afakiwe kanye nokukhiqizwa kwaminyaka yonke.
Okungaziwa kakhulu ngumphakathi jikelele, kodwa okunamandla athakazelisayo, yi- amandla we-geothermalLolu hlelo lusebenzisa ukushisa kwangaphakathi koMhlaba ukufudumeza izakhiwo nokuhlinzeka ngamanzi ashisayo, futhi ezindaweni ezithile ezinezimo zejiyoloji ezinhle, lungasetshenziswa ngisho nokukhiqiza ugesi. Izimpawu ezifana nezintaba-mlilo, ama-geysers, kanye nemithombo yamanzi ashisayo ziyizibonakaliso zalezi zinsiza zokushisa ezingaphansi komhlaba.
La amandla elanga Ngezinhlobo zayo ezahlukene, cishe ingumthombo wamandla avuselelekayo onamandla amakhulu okukhula eSpain, uma kubhekwa ubuningi imisebe yelanga engxenyeni enkulu yensimu. Ukushisa kwelanga kusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukukhiqiza amanzi ashisayo nokusekela ukufudumala, kuyilapho ama-photovoltaic eguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ugesi ngokuqondile kusetshenziswa amaphaneli, njengephaneli ye-silicon, asevele evame kakhulu ophahleni lwezindlu nasezitshalweni ezinkulu ezifakwe phansi.
Ngokungafani nale mithombo ehlanzekile, amandla angavuseleleki Lezi yizinsiza ezikhona ngobuningi obulinganiselwe emvelweni futhi ezingavuseleli esikhathini esifushane. Ukusetshenziswa kwazo kuyawaqeda amandla, futhi ukuxhashazwa kwazo nokushiswa kwazo kudala imiphumela ebalulekile emvelweni: ukukhishwa kwe-COâ‚‚ kanye namanye amagesi okushisa, ukungcola komoya, amanzi, kanye nomhlabathi, kanye nokuguqulwa kwendawo, phakathi kweminye imiphumela.
Umthelela wezemvelo kanye nesidingo sokushintsha kwamandla
Umqondo we umthelela wezemvelo Libhekisela emthonjeni owenziwa umsebenzi womuntu endaweni yemvelo: emoyeni nasemanzini, ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, enhlabathini, esimweni sezulu, noma endaweni. Nakuba kungezona zonke izenzo zabantu ezingezinhle ngempela, empikiswaneni yamandla leli gama cishe lisetshenziswa njalo ukubhekisela emiphumeleni eyingozi, ikakhulukazi leyo ehlobene nokukhishwa nokushiswa kwezinto zokubasa ezimbi.
Ibhalansi yamandla yaseSpain, ngokubeka izibalo eziqondile etafuleni, iyasiza ekubekeni izinto endaweni efanele. Imodeli yethu yokusebenzisa isaxhunyaniswe kangakanani nemithombo engavuseleleki? Futhi sihamba ngesivinini esingakanani ekuzishintsheni ngobuchwepheshe obuhlanzekile? Ukuzibophezela ekusebenziseni amandla kabusha kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla akugcini nje ngokuphendula ekulweni nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, kodwa futhi nokunciphisa ukuncika emithonjeni yamandla angaphandle, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomoya, kanye nokudala imisebenzi kanye nezimboni ezihlotshaniswa nezinketho ezintsha zenani.
Ngakho-ke, izinqubomgomo zokushintsha kwamandla zihloselwe ukunciphisa imithelela engemihle kwezemvelo Ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwamandla oluqinile, oluphephile, noluqhubekayo. Lokhu kuhilela ukubukeza indlela ingqalasizinda, izindlela zemakethe, izikhuthazo zomthetho, kanye nokusekelwa kokusungula izinto ezintsha okuhlelwe ngayo, ukuzama ukulinganisela ukuzinza komthetho kanye nokuguquguquka okudingekayo ukuze uzivumelanise nobuchwepheshe obusha.
Kulesi simo, izinhlangano ezifana ne-CNMC zisebenza ezicini ezibalulekile njengesikhathi esisha sokukhokhelwa komkhakha kagesi, izindlela zokukhokha intela, ukulungiswa kwemithetho yemakethe kube yizikhawu zemizuzu eyi-15, kanye nokukhuthazwa kwe-biomethane, ngenhloso yokubeka umthengi enkabeni yesistimu, okwenza kube lula ukufinyelela idatha esezingeni eliphezulu ebavumela ukuthi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathuluzi anjenge izitifiketi zokonga amandla Ziya ngokuya zibaluleke njengezikhombisi zokusebenza kahle kanye nokushintsha ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli wezinto zakudala.
Idatha eyengeziwe, izibalo kanye nezifundo zomkhakha
Uhlelo lolwazi oluzungeze ibhalansi yamandla eSpain luqediwe ngo izifundo ezahlukahlukene zemikhakha kanye nezibalo ezithile Lawa mathuluzi avumela ukubhekisisa izindawo ezithile. Isibonelo esisodwa idatha eningiliziwe yokusetshenziswa kwamandla yomkhakha wezinsizakalo ngo-2019, ehlukanisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngomsebenzi kanye nomthombo, okuvezwa kumayunithi wamandla. Lolu lwazi luwusizo kakhulu ekwakheni izinqubomgomo zokusebenza kahle ezigxile emahhovisi, ezitolo, ezokubungaza izivakashi, nakwezinye izinsizakalo.
Emkhakheni wezindawo zokuhlala, izibalo ziyatholakala ku- ukusetshenziswa ngokusetshenziswa kanye nemithombo yamandla kusukela ngo-2010 kuya ku-2023Lolu lwazi lwembula ukuthi kungakanani amandla asetshenziswa ekufudumaleni, emanzini ashisayo, ekuphekeni, ezintweni zikagesi, kanye nasekupholiseni umoya, nokuthi iyiphi ingxenye yalokho kusetshenziswa evela kugesi, igesi, uwoyela wokushisa, i-biomass, noma eminye imithombo. Lokhu kuvumela ukuhlonza izindawo ezinethuba elikhulu lokonga nokufaka esikhundleni samandla avuselelekayo.
Olunye uhlu lwezibalo olufanele yilolo lwezibalo amaphampu okushisa esikhathi sika-2014-2023Lo mbiko uchaza umthamo ofakiwe, amandla aphelele, umkhiqizo wokushisa, amahora okusebenza, kanye nesici sokusebenza kwesizini (i-SPF) ngendawo yesimo sezulu kanye nomkhakha. Amaphampu okushisa ayasungulwa njengobuchwepheshe obuyisihluthulelo bokususa i-carbon ekushiseni nasekupholiseni ngokusebenzisa amandla azungezile (umoya, amanzi, umhlabathi) ngamazinga aphezulu okusebenza kahle.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izifundo ezithile mayelana ukusetshenziswa kwe-biomass, i-biogas kanye nemfucuzaLolu hlobo lokuhlaziya, olusebenzisa u-2021 njengesisekelo futhi luhlola ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwale mithombo ngendawo (ugesi, ukushisa, ezokuthutha), umkhakha, umphakathi ozimele, kanye nohlobo lwe-biofuel, luvumela ukuqonda okungcono indima ye-bioenergy emkhakheni wamandla avuselelekayo kanye nezindlela zayo ezingaba khona zokwandisa.
Uhlaka lwezibalo luhambisana nemibhalo yokubhekisela efana ne- Incwadi Yezibalo Ngokusetshenziswa Kwamandla Emkhakheni Wezindawo Zokuhlala (i-MESH)Le ncwadi, ehlanganiswe yi-IDAE ye-Eurostat ngokubambisana nezikhungo ezivela e-Austria, eNetherlands, e-United Kingdom, naseSlovenia, igxila ekuhlaziyweni kokusetshenziswa kwemindeni ngokusetshenziswa nezinsizakalo. Ihlanganisa izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokwenza izinto emazingeni aseYurophu nasemhlabeni jikelele futhi ihlose ukwenza izindlela zokuqoqwa kwedatha nokucubungula zibe zijwayelekile ukuqinisekisa ukuqhathanisa okuqinile phakathi kwamazwe.
Umbiko wezibalo ngamandla avuselelekayo kanye nombono wendawo
Ukuze kuqedwe isithombe sokuguquka kwamandla, i-MITECO ilungiselela Umbiko wezibalo ngamandla avuselelekayo okuyinto, ohlelweni lwayo lwakamuva, enikeza idatha ngamandla aphelele atholakalayo, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kokugcina, amandla kagesi afakiwe kanye namakhono okukhiqiza ahlobene nezinto ezivuselelekayo.
Lo mbiko uchaza kabanzi isimo semiphakathi ezimeleLokhu kuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi babone ukuthi yiziphi izindawo ezinezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lamandla omoya, lapho kusetshenziswa khona ama-photovoltaic kakhulu, ukuthi indawo efakiwe yomthamo wokushisa welanga ishintsha kanjani, nokuthi yiziphi izifunda ezihamba phambili ekukhiqizweni kwe-biofuel. Kuhlanganisa nedatha yomlando ekhombisa inqubekela phambili yalobu buchwepheshe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukuhlaziywa kwendawo kuba mnandi kakhulu uma kuhlanganiswa namamephu asebenzisanayo ukukhiqizwa kukagesi ngesifundazwe kanye nohlobo lomthomboNgalezi zinsiza zemfundo nezokubona kungenzeka ukuhlonza, isibonelo, izifundazwe ezinemikhiqizo kagesi ephezulu kakhulu onyakeni othile (njengo-2020) kanye nobuchwepheshe obuyinhloko obunesibopho salokho kukhiqizwa.
Lezi zinto azisizi nje kuphela kubacwaningi noma abenzi bezinqubomgomo, kodwa futhi zisebenza njengamathuluzi okufundisa othisha nabafundi, abangacabanga ngemibuzo efana nalokhu: yini imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo eyinhloko eSpain, ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwezinto eziphilayo kusatshalaliswa kanjani kulo lonke izwe noma ukuthi ukuthembela ezintweni ezitholakala kwamanye amazwe kunamuphi umthelela.
Lonke lolu chungechunge lwama-balance sheet, imibiko, amamephu, kanye nezifundo zemikhakha lwakha isifinyezo esiphelele sohlelo lwamandla lwaseSpainokusiza ukuqondisa ukutshalwa kwezimali, ukuchaza amasu ebhizinisi nokulungisa imithetho, njalo kugxilwe kumodeli esebenza kahle kakhulu, kunganciki kakhulu ezintweni zangaphandle futhi kunomthelela oncishisiwe emvelweni.
Ngenxa yalokhu kubuka konke, singaqonda ukuthi iSpain ihlanganisa kanjani ukuthembela okukhulu kumafutha emvelo nokukhula okunamandla kakhulu kwemithombo evuselelekayo, okuqhutshwa ugesi, ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle, kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha njengokusebenzisa wena kanye namaphampu okushisa. Kulesi simo, ibhalansi yamandla akuyona nje ithebula lezinombolo, kodwa ukuhlaziywa okujulile kwendlela esikhiqiza futhi sisebenzise ngayo amandla, nokuthi sibamba ithuba elingakanani lokuguqula ukuguquka kwamandla kube injini yokuncintisana, ukusungula izinto ezintsha, kanye nenhlalakahle.
