Ama-steam turbines angamathuluzi abalulekile ekuguquleni amandla ashisayo esitimu abe amandla emishini noma kagesi. Idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kukagesi ezikhungweni zamandla kagesi oshisayo kanye nawenuzi. Nokho, abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi iyini i-steam turbine noma ukuthi ziyini izingxenye zayo.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele Iyini i-turbine yesitimu futhi yiziphi izingxenye zayo eziyinhloko.
Iyini i-steam turbine
I-steam turbine ingumshini oguqula amandla esitimu esinomfutho ophezulu ube amandla emishini azungezayo. Le nqubo yenziwa ngokunwetshwa kwesitimu ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge lwama-blades (noma ama-blades) afakwe ku-rotor, ekhiqiza ukunyakaza okujikelezayo.
Ukusebenza kwe-steam turbine kusekelwe ezimisweni ze-thermodynamic. Okokuqala, isitimu sikhiqizwa kubhayela, lapho amanzi eshiselwa khona abe isitimu ngomfutho ophakeme kanye nezinga lokushisa. Lesi sitimu sibe sesiqondiswa ku-turbine, lapho sidlula khona ezigabeni zama-blade angashintshi nanyakazayo aqondisa kabusha futhi aguqule amandla esitimu abe umsebenzi womshini.
Izingxenye ze-steam turbine
I-steam turbine yenziwe izingxenye ezimbalwa eziyinhloko, ngayinye inomsebenzi othile wokuqinisekisa ukuthi isebenza kahle. Nakuba kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-turbines, zonke zinezingxenye eziyinhloko.
- I-Casing (umzimba we-turbine): Yisakhiwo sangaphandle esihlanganisa futhi sivikele izingxenye zangaphakathi. Iphinde isebenze ukuqukatha isitimu futhi isiqondise ezindaweni ezifanele ngaphakathi kwe-turbine. Indlu yakhelwe ukumelana nezingcindezi eziphezulu namazinga okushisa.
- Ukujikeleza: Yi-shaft eyinhloko ye-turbine lapho ama-blades ahambayo afakwe khona. I-rotor ijikeleza njengoba isitimu sigeleza phakathi kwama-blades, siguqula amandla esitimu abe ukunyakaza okujikelezayo.
- Ama-blades noma ama-blades: Kunama-blade amisiwe, anamathiselwe ku-casing futhi aqondise kabusha ukugeleza kwe-steam ukuya kuma-blades ahambayo, nama-blades ahambayo, afakwe ku-rotor futhi yiwo athola ukuqhutshwa okuqondile kwe-steam, ekhiqiza i-rotary. ukunyakaza.
- Amabhere: Ziyizici zemishini ezisekela i-rotor futhi ziyivumele ukuthi ijikeleze ngokushelela nangokuzinza. Kunama-bearings asekelayo kanye nama-thrust bearings, aqinisekisa ukuma kwe-axial ye-rotor futhi kunciphise ukungqubuzana.
- Ama-vapor seals: Zivimbela isitimu esinomfutho ophezulu ekuphunyukeni ku-turbine ngokusebenzisa amalunga phakathi kwe-rotor ne-casing. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla esitimu asetshenziswa kahle.
- Ama-valve okulawula: Alawula ukugeleza nokucindezela kwesitimu esingena ku-turbine. Lawa ma-valve avumela amandla akhiqiziwe ukuthi alungiswe ngokuvumelana nesidingo sesistimu.
- I-Condenser: Nakuba ingeyona ingxenye eqondile ye-turbine, i-condenser idlala indima ebalulekile ekupholiseni isitimu ngemva kokuba sidlule ku-turbine, ukusiguqula sibuyele emanzini ukuze siphinde sijikelezwe ohlelweni.
- Amasistimu okugcoba: Baqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye ezihambayo ze-turbine, njenge-rotor nama-bearings, zihamba kahle futhi ngaphandle kokugqoka ngokweqile.
- Isistimu yokukhipha umoya: Kuma-turbines ajiya, lolu hlelo luqeda umoya namagesi angajiki anganciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo.
Yenzelweni i-steam turbine?
Ama-steam turbines anenhlobonhlobo yokusebenza ngenxa yekhono lawo lokuguqula kahle amandla esitimu abe amandla emishini noma kagesi. Inhloso enkulu ye-steam turbine ukuguqula amandla ashisayo esitimu abe amandla ashintshayo emishini. La mandla emishini angasetshenziswa ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko:
- Ukukhiqiza amandla kagesi
- Ukuhlinzeka ngamandla emishini ngqo
Ezitshalweni eziningi zamandla, i-steam turbine ixhunywe kujeneretha kagesi. Ukunyakaza okujikelezayo kwe-turbine rotor kudluliselwa ku-generator, okuyinto iguqula lamandla emishini abe ngugesi. Lokhu ukusetshenziswa okuvame kakhulu kwezinjini zesitimu emhlabeni.
Ezinqubweni ezithile zezimboni, izinjini zomusi zisetshenziswa ngokuqondile ukushayela imishini, njengamaphampu, ama-compressor noma amasistimu okuhambisa. Lokhu kuqeda isidingo sokuguqula amandla abe ngugesi, okuwenza asebenze kahle kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezithile.
Izindawo ezisetshenziselwa izinjini zomusi
Ama-turbines asetshenziswayo asetshenziswa emikhakheni eminingi yezimboni njengoba eyingcezu eyisisekelo yokukhiqiza ugesi. Ake sibheke ezinye zezindawo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu:
- Izitshalo zamandla kagesi we-Thermoelectric: Basebenzisa izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi (amalahle, igesi yemvelo noma uwoyela) ukushisisa amanzi futhi bakhiqize isitimu. Isitimu sinesibopho sokushayela i-turbine, ukukhiqiza ugesi.
- izimboni zamandla enuzi: Kulezi zikhungo, ukushisa okudingekayo ukukhiqiza isitimu kuvela ekuphenduleni kwe-nuclear ku-reactor. I-steam turbine isixhumanisi phakathi kwamandla enuzi kanye nokukhiqizwa kukagesi.
- Izitshalo ze-Geothermal: Basebenzisa umusi wemvelo ongaphakathi eMhlabeni ukuhambisa izinjini zomoya, bakhiqize ugesi ngendlela eqhubekayo.
- Izinqubo zezimboni: Ezimbonini zamakhemikhali, ze-petrochemical kanye nezokuhluza, izinjini zesitimu zishayela ama-compressor namaphampu abalulekile ezinqubweni ezinjengokugcotshwa kwe-distillation, isiqandisi nokucindezelwa kwegesi.
- Ukukhiqizwa kwephepha: Ama-turbines ane-steam asetshenziswa ezigayweni zephepha ukushayela imishini esindayo futhi akhiqize ukushisa okudingekayo ukuze ome iphepha.
- Ukuhanjiswa komkhumbi: Esikhathini esidlule, izinjini zomusi zazivamile emikhunjini emikhulu, kuhlanganise nabahamba ngemikhumbi kanye nemikhumbi yezempi, njengoba babenikeza amandla nokwethembeka. Nakuba sezishintshiwe ezinye izinjini zikadizili, zisasetshenziswa kwezinye izimo.
- Ukuzibandakanya: Ezikhungweni lapho kudingeka khona ugesi nokushisa ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinjini zesitimu zivumela amandla asele ashisayo enqubo ukuthi asetshenziselwe ukufudumeza noma izinqubo zezimboni.
- Amandla avuselelekayo: Ezitshalweni zamandla ashisayo elanga, izibuko zigxilisa ukukhanya kwelanga ukuze zishise uketshezi olukhiqiza isitimu, esishayela i-turbine.
Njengoba ubona, i-steam turbine ingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizeni amandla kagesi ezindaweni eziningi zezimboni. Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi iyini i-steam turbine, ukuthi iyini nokuthi yiziphi izingxenye zayo eziyinhloko.