Ukuthunyelwa kwe- izitshalo ze-biogas kanye ne-biomethane Sekungenye yezinkinga eziphikisana kakhulu ngokushintsha kwamandla eSpain. Ephepheni, lezi zikhungo zivumela ukuguqulwa kwemfucuza yezinto eziphilayo ibe yigesi evuselelekayo kanye nomanyolo, kodwa phansi zidala igagasi lemibhikisho yomakhelwane, ukuvinjelwa komasipala, kanye nempikiswano enkulu yezobuchwepheshe kanye nemvelo.
Ngenkathi i- I-European Union Futhi nakuba uhulumeni ophakathi ekhuthaza i-biogas njengento ebalulekile ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwegesi kanye nokuthembela kumafutha emvelo, ukungabaza kuyanqwabelana emadolobheni amaningi nasemadolobheni mayelana iphunga, izingozi zokungcola, ithrafikhi yamaloli futhi, ekugcineni, mayelana nemodeli yentuthuko yasemakhaya efiselekayo emashumini eminyaka ezayo.
Ziyini izitshalo ze-biogas futhi kungani zanda?
Izitshalo ze-biogas zisekelwe ezintweni ezinkulu izigayi ezivaliwe lapho imfucuza yezinto eziphilayo evela kwezolimo, ezolimo zezilwane, embonini yokudla, ezimbonini zokuhlanza amanzi amdaka, noma udoti kamasipala ubola ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umoya. Le nqubo iveza izinzuzo biogas (ingxube ye-methane ne-CO₂ engakhiqiza ukushisa noma ugesi) kanye nomkhiqizo ongaphansi koketshezi oluqinile noma oluyi-semi-liquid, gayaengasetshenziswa njengomanyolo uma iphathwa kahle.
I-biogas ingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza biomethaneIyigesi ehlanziwe, ehlanzekile kakhulu efakwa kumanethiwekhi egesi yemvelo. Isivele isebenza eYurophu. izitshalo ze-biogas ezingaphezu kuka-19.000 futhi nxazonke I-biomethane engu-1.700zihlanganiswe ezinhlelweni zamandla eziye zabonisa, ngokusho komkhakha, ukusebenza kwazo kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokwezomnotho.
Kuze kube muva nje, iSpain ibilokhu idlala indima encane kule nsimu, kodwa lokho kushintsha ngokushesha. Umhlahlandlela kaHulumeni we-Biogas ulindelekile phindaphinda cishe ngo-4 ukukhiqiza kuze kube ngu-2030, futhi inhlangano yemboni yegesi igcizelela ukuthi izwe lingenye yezifundazwe ezine amandla amakhulu e-biomethane ye-EU. Sekuvele kunezindawo zokusebenza ezingu-24 kanti ezinye ziyacatshangelwa amakhulu amaphrojekthi kuyaqhubeka, kanye utshalomali olulinganiselwe ama-euro ayizigidigidi eziningana.
Ngokuhambisana nohlelo lokulawula lwaseYurophu (uhlelo REPowerEUFuthi eSpain, imiphakathi efana neValencia noma iCatalonia iklame imephu yayo yendlela yokusebenzisa i-biogas e-US. ukubuyiswa kwamandla emfuleni, ngenhloso yokunciphisa inani elikhulu lemfucuza egcina itholakala ezindaweni zokulahla udoti kanye nokuhambisana nemingcele ebekwe yiBrussels.
Ukungqubuzana phakathi kwamandla emvelo kanye nokukhathazeka komphakathi
Ephepheni, izitshalo ze-biogas ziyangena endabeni ye- umnotho oyindilingaBaguqula imfucuza ekhiqiza ukukhishwa okungalawuleki okwamanje ibe amandla asebenzisekayo kanye nomanyolo. Kodwa-ke, eSpain, [okungacacile/okungacacile] okunamandla kuyahlanganiswa ukuphikisana kwamanje kwezenhlalo ekusetshenzisweni kwayo, okungagcini nje kumaphrojekthi aklanywe kabi, kodwa okuvame ukungabaza ubuchwepheshe bubonke.
Isibonelo esisodwa umbhikisho okhulayo e- UCastile noLeonEsifundeni saseBurgos, Misa isiteji se-Biomethane Villangómez Bahlele imibhikisho futhi baqoqa izinkulungwane zabantu abasayine ngokumelene nesitshalo se-biogas esihleliwe esiqhele ngamakhilomitha angu-2,5 ukusuka emadolobheni amaningana, besola ukuthi indawo yasemakhaya igcwele izikhungo, ngokombono wabo, ezisongela ikhwalithi yempilo yabo kanye nemodeli yabo yendawo.
En SegoviaUmasipala waseCuéllar usebenza kuze kufike ku- amafayela amane kwezitshalo ezintsha ze-biogas ezizosebenzisa imfucuza yezilwane, izithelo nemifino. Ukukhathazeka mayelana ukusondela enkabeni yedolobha kuye kwashukumisela amaqembu ezepolitiki afana ne-United Left ukuthi akhuthaze izinsolo, izingxoxo zolwazi kanye nokudalwa okungenzeka kwe- ipulatifomu yomakhelwaneUkugxekwa kwabo kugxile ezintweni ezingenzeka Iphunga elibi, ithrafikhi, umsindo, kanye nokwehla kwentengo yezindlu.
Futhi ku UCastilla-La Mancha Imibhikisho iphindaphindeke kakhulu. Ipulatifomu ethi 'Cha ku-Biogas eLa Sagra' ibilokhu ihlela imibhikisho izinyanga eziningi ngokumelene nesitshalo se-biomethane e I-Villaluenga de la SagraBesaba ukuvuza kwe- ukugaya maqondana nomhlaba, imifudlana kanye nemithombo, ikakhulukazi ngemva kwezigameko zemvula enamandla, futhi baxwayise “ngenhlekelele yemvelo” engaba khona abathwesa uHulumeni Wesifunda, uMkhandlu Wedolobha kanye ne-Hydrographic Confederation umthwalo wayo.
Emkhakheni wezepolitiki wesifunda, uNgqongqoshe Wezomnotho, Ibhizinisi kanye Nokuqashwa waseCastilla-La Mancha uqobo lwakhe uthe, uma kukhona ukwenqatshwa okucacile ezingeni likamasipalaUhulumeni wesifunda ngeke akhuthaze la maphrojekthi, yize ephawula ukuthi kukhona nesibopho sokuthobela imigomo yamazwe ngamazwe yokususa i-carbon dioxide.
Ukwenqatshwa kukamasipala kanye nezithiyo zokuphatha
Ukuphikisana ne-biogas akuveli kuphela emaqenjini omakhelwane noma ezemvelo. omasipala basebenzisa amathuluzi okuhlela amadolobha kanye nesithakazelo somphakathi esiseduze nabo ukuvimba ukusungulwa kwezitshalo ezintsha endaweni yabo, besola ukuntuleka kokufaneleka kwendawo noma ukungabaza ngemvelo.
En I-Mengíbar (Jaén), umkhandlu ukhiphe i- umbiko ongemuhle Uhulumeni wendawo uphikise isicelo semvume yokwakha isitshalo se-biomethane esithunyelwe yinkampani i-Naturmet. Ngemva kokubuyekeza amadokhumenti, uhulumeni wendawo umemezele ukuthi uzosebenzisa zonke izindlela ezitholakalayo. ezokuphatha nezomthetho ukuvimbela kokubili lo msebenzi kanye neminye imisebenzi emibili ye-biogas noma ye-biomethane ehlelelwe umasipala, begcizelela ukuthi okubaluleke kakhulu kubo ukuvikela intshisekelo evamile nokuqinisekisa ukucaca okuphezulu emphakathini.
Idolobha laseJaén nalo liyathuthuka. UMkhandlu Wedolobha LaseJaén izifundo zimemezela akukho ukuvumelana kwezintshisekelo zomphakathi noma zomphakathi ukumisa isitshalo se-biogas esihleliwe emgwaqweni iFuerte del Rey. Ikhansela ledolobha le-Urban Planning, i-África Colomo, ligcizelela ukuthi kuyisinyathelo sebhizinisi esizimele, esinenzuzo esihlose ukuqinisa imfucuza ngokwezomnotho, ngaphandle komthelela ocacile nohle edolobheni lonke.
Ngokwale ndlela, ukungabikho kwe- uhlaka oluthile lokulawula lwesifunda Futhi lokhu kuvikelwa okusemthethweni kuvimbela ukufuna izifundo ezinemininingwane ngemiphumela yangempela emvelweni nakubantu, okuthi, ngokombono womkhandlu wedolobha, kungqubuzana nemodeli yendawo, yedolobha, neyemvelo ehloselwe uJaén. UMnyango Wokuhlela Amadolobha uhlela ukwenza lesi sikhundla sibe semthethweni ngesinqumo.
En I-San Javier (eMurcia), imeya imemezele ukuthi izosayina isinqumo esiphikisana nesimemezelo sentshisekelo yomphakathi sesitshalo se-biogas edolobhaneni lase-El Mirador. Uphikisana ngokuthi iphrojekthi Akuhambelani nendawo, ngokwemvelo, noma ngokwezomnotho. nomasipala, egcizelela ukuthi azikho izindawo zokukhuluphalisa izingulube endaweni ezithethelela ukufakwa kwalezi zindawo nokuthi ukuphathwa kwe-slurry kwadala ukwenqatshwa kusukela ekuqaleni.
Ikhansela laseMurcia liphinde liveze ukuntuleka kwe ulwazi kanye nokucaca iqondisa omakhelwane futhi ibheka ukuthi isinyathelo sivaliwe kuleyo ndawo, yize ihlukanisa phakathi kokuphikisana kwayo naleli cala elithile kanye nokusekelwa kwayo okuvamile kwe-biogas kanye ne-biomethane njengobuchwepheshe besikhathi esizayo, uma nje kungaphoqelelwa emiphakathini yendawo.
Umbono wochwepheshe kanye nokunyakaza kwemvelo
Phakathi kwempikiswano, izinhlangano zemvelo zibonisa izikhundla ezihlukile. Isazi semvelo en Acción isanda kushicilela umhlahlandlela wokuhlola amaphrojekthi e-biogas lapho idinga khona ukuhlaziywa icala ngalinye ngokwaloUmmeleli wabo, uMarina Gros, ugcizelela ukuthi inkinga akuyona ubuchwepheshe uqobo, kodwa "amaphrojekthi amabi," futhi uyavuma ukuthi kunezinkinga ngaphakathi kwenhlangano uqobo. ukungavumelani kwangaphakathi kanye nezingxoxo mayelana nendima okufanele idlalwe yilezi zitshalo.
Umhlahlandlela we-Ecologists in Action uqokomisa ezinye zezindlela ezibalulekile. Okokuqala, ukuthi izikhungo zitholakala kuphi eduze kwamaphuzu lapho kukhiqizwa khona imfucuza ukunciphisa ezokuthutha kanye nemiphumela yako, okungcono kakhulu endaweni yesifunda enokunikezwa okuzinzile nokungabizi kwezinto zokusetshenziswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugaya okubangelwayo kufanele kube Sebenzisa njengomanyolo futhi kungabi yinkinga entsha, ukuze sikwazi ukukhuluma ngempela ngomnotho ojikelezayo.
Le nhlangano iphinde ixwayise ngamaphrojekthi Bancintisana ngokuchitha okufanayo endaweni efanayo, noma ezitshalweni ezinkulu eziseduze kwamapayipi egesi futhi hhayi eduze kwemithombo kadoti. Ngokuphathelene nezinto zokufaka, kuyazisa ukusetshenziswa izingxenyana zodaka lwendle kanye nezingxenyana ezibolayo ihloselwe namuhla ukuyolahlwa kwemfucuza, futhi igxeka ukusetshenziswa kwezitshalo eziphakathi nendawo noma inani elikhulu lemfucuza yendle kanye neminye imfucuza yemfuyo.
UMarina Gros ukhumbula ukuthi imfuyo yezimboni Akuhlali isikhathi eside ngokombono wesimo sezulu, wezemvelo, noma wezokudla, futhi kuxwayisa ngokuthi uhlelo lwamandla alunakwakhiwa oluncike ekukhiqizweni okuqhubekayo kwemfucuza enjalo, ngoba lokho kungasho ukuthi ukuhlanganisa imodeli yezilwane okuyinto abaningi abayibheka njengengazinzile. Ngokombono wabo, kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwemfucuza yomhlaba wonke, hhayi nje ukuthola izindlela ezintsha zokuyilahla.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, abanye ochwepheshe bobunjiniyela bezemvelo babona ukwenqatshwa okubanzi kwezitshalo ze-biogas njengento evimbelayo. ukuphikisana kunzima ukukuqondaUSolwazi Ohlala Emeritus Xavier Flotats, onolwazi oluningi kakhulu kulo mkhakha, uthi kungcono ukuhambisa imfucuza yezilwane kanye neyasemadolobheni iye [esikhungweni esithile], kunokuyishiya [endaweni ethile]. ikhipha i-methane ngokukhululeka ezindaweni zokulahla udoti noma emachibiniNgokombono wakhe, ukugaya okuphuma ezitshalweni, yize kugcina isisindo sawo esiningi sokuqala, kunokwakheka okunezimbiwa eziningi futhi kungaphathwa ngokuphephile.
Umklamo wesitshalo: iphunga, ukugaya kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi
Enye yezinto ezikhathaza umphakathi kakhulu yi- iphunga elibi kanye nokuvuza noma ukuvuza okungenzeka okuvela kulezi zikhungo. Ochwepheshe be-Flotat nabanye ochwepheshe bayavuma ukuthi, uma isitshalo yakhelwe kahle futhi yakhiwe kahleUkubiliswa kwe-Anaerobic kuma-digesters avaliwe akufanele kubangele ukungakhululeki okukhulu kwephunga.
Iphuzu elibalulekile, baligcizelela, ukuthi indawo yokwamukela nokuphatha yemfucuza. Ukuvula imigodi yekhonkrithi emoyeni ovulekile ukuze kulahlwe imfucuza yezinto eziphilayo, ngokusho kwalaba ochwepheshe, kuyindlela yokuxazulula izingxabano zomphakathi. Esikhundleni salokho, batusa izinhlelo ze umjikelezo ovaliwe: ukuxhumana okuqondile ngamapayipi namathangi angangeni moya uma kwenzeka imfucuza yoketshezi, noma ukukhishwa kwezinto eziqinile ezakhiweni ezivaliwe ngokwelashwa komoya kusetshenziswa izihlungi ezithile.
Abaphathi be gaya Lesi esinye isici esibalulekile. Ngemva kokushiya i-digester, le nto ingaqhubeka nokukhipha i-methane esele uma ishiywe emachibini avulekile. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, umkhuba wokwenza mboza izindawo zokugcina ukudla futhi ibuyise leyo gesi esele, okwandisa kancane ukukhiqizwa futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunciphisa amaphunga kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi okubalekayo.
Ngokuphathelene nokungenzeka izingozi zokungcoliswa kwenhlabathi noma amanziAbasekeli balobu buchwepheshe baveza ukuthi izitshalo kumele zilandele imithetho eqinile yokuvimbela amanzi nokulawula, efana naleyo esetshenziswa kwezinye ingqalasizinda yamandla. Noma kunjalo, izikhalazo ezivela ezinhlanganweni zomakhelwane mayelana nokuvuza okusolwayo ngemva kwezimvula ezinkulu zibonisa ukuntuleka komphakathi okuqhubekayo. ukwethembana nokuqapha.
Lokhu kungqubuzana kubonakala futhi engxoxweni mayelana udaka kanye nemfucuza yezilwaneKuma-Flotat, kuyaphikisana ukuphikisa ukucutshungulwa komfudlana wemfucuza kuma-digesters osevele ubangela izinkinga zokukhishwa kwegesi kanye nokuphathwa kwamapulazi. Ngokombono obaluleke kakhulu wezemvelo, kufanele kugxilwe kakhulu uhlelo lokudla nemfuyo iyonke, hhayi kubuchwepheshe be-biogas obuthile.
I-Andalusia kanye nezihlahla zomnqumo: i-biomethane, imikhawulo yokukhishwa kwegesi kanye nemisebenzi yasemakhaya
E-Andalusia, impikiswano nge-biogas ihlobene nekusasa le- izihlahla zomnqumo kanye nemboni kawoyelaEzindaweni ezitshala iminqumo zaseCórdoba nakwezinye izifundazwe, kuye kwavela ukunyakaza okuphikisayo kwezitshalo ezintsha, okukhathazekile ngomthelela wazo kwezemvelo kanye nemvelo, kodwa kuye kwavela namaphrojekthi ebhizinisi avikela okuphambene nalokho: ukuthi i-biomethane iyisitshalo. kubalulekile ukuze kuphile kahle yomkhakha ohlakeni olusha lokulawula lwaseYurophu.
Enye yezinhlelo ezibaluleke kakhulu ivela ekubambisaneni phakathi U-Oleícola El Tejar, uGreenar noVorn Bioenergyokuhlose ukwakha inethiwekhi yezitshalo eziyisishiyagalombili ze-biomethane ezixhunywe nezitshalo zokucubungula i-olive pomace ezikhona esifundeni. Ukutshalwa kwezimali okuhleliwe kuseduze 350 million euro futhi kuhlelwe ngomkhathi obanzi wokusetshenziswa, ohlobene nemikhawulo yokukhishwa kwegesi ezobekwa yi-EU ezikhungweni zezimboni kusukela ngo-2030 kuqhubeke.
Ngokusho kwabasekeli bayo, imodeli yokuphatha yamanje ye i-alperujo Inqubo yamanje yokulahla uwoyela womnqumo (umkhiqizo osele ngemva kokukhishwa) ihilela ukuwomisa nokuwashisa, okukhipha ukungcola okuningi. Ngaphansi kwemithetho emisha, bachaza ukuthi izikhungo eziningi zizobhekana nemikhawulo enzima engaziphoqa ukuthi zivalwe. nciphisa kakhulu umsebenzi wakho uma bengasebenzisi ubuchwepheshe obusha bokwelapha.
Kulesi simo, i-biogas yethulwa njengesixazululo esihlanganisa ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi kanye nokuphila kahle kwezomnothoNgokuguqula i-olive pomace kanye neminye imfucuza efana nomquba wenkukhu ibe yi-biomethane kanye nomanyolo, inhloso ukunikeza impilo yesibili ezintweni eziyinkinga yokuphatha okwamanje, ngenkathi kukhiqizwa amandla avuselelekayo futhi kuqiniswa inzuzo yezihlahla zomnqumo zendabukoikakhulukazi emapulazini amancane, asevele ebhekene nezindleko ezikhuphukile kanye nokucindezelwa kwamanani kawoyela.
Abagqugquzeli bagcizelela futhi umphumela ongaba khona ku- ukuqashwa kwabantu basemakhaya kanye nokugcinwa kwabantuIsitshalo ngasinye se-biomethane salolu hlobo singadala imisebenzi eqondile ephakathi kweyishumi neshumi nambili, kanye nemisebenzi engaqondile engaba amashumi amabili ehlobene nokuthutha kanye nokulungisa, kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okuphakathi kwama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-30 kanye nama-40 endaweni ngayinye. Baqinisekisa ukuthi inhloso akuyona ukusungula izimboni ezivela ngaphandle kwesifunda, kodwa kunalokho ukuqinisa izintambo zenani ezikhona ezizungezile amasimu omnqumo.
ULleida, amapaki ezimboni eziphilayo kanye nomjaho we-biomethane
En Isi-CataloniaIsifundazwe saseLleida siziveza njengomdlali obalulekile emncintiswaneni we-biomethane eSpain. Izinkampani zamandla nezikhungo zasendaweni zibona isisekelo saso esinamandla sezimboni njengendawo ethembisayo. izimboni zezolimo kanye nemfuyo indawo evundile yokuthuthukisa amaphrojekthi ahlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwegesi evuselelekayo, ama-biofertilizer kanye neminye imikhiqizo ye-bio.
Isibonelo, inkampani iMoeve ifake iLleida esu layo Ukunyakaza Okuhle 2030, ecabanga ngokutshalwa kwezimali okungama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-600 ukuze kusetshenziswe kuze kufike ku- Izitshalo ezingama-30 ze-biomethane eSpain ngephothifoliyo eqondiwe engu-4 TWh, okulingana nokusetshenziswa kwaminyaka yonke kwemindeni engaphezu kwesigidi. Le nkampani ijoyine uhlelo lokusebenza lokubambisana komphakathi kanye nolwangasese lwe-'Lleida Alimenta', oluhlanganisa izinhlangano zokudla kwezolimo, izikhungo zocwaningo kanye namaphrojekthi okusungula izinto ezintsha ku i-circular bioeconomy.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umqondo we- i-biopolígonoindawo yezimboni lapho izinkampani ezahlukene zingabelana khona ngengqalasizinda yokuguqula ezolimo, imfuyo, amahlathi noma imfucuza yokudla engokwemvelo ibe i-biogas, i-biomethane, izichumisi ze-bio kanye nemikhiqizo ye-bioUkuze isikhungo salolu hlobo sisebenze, kudingeka ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabakhiqizi bezinto zokusetshenziswa, abacwaningi bamandla, izikhungo ze-R&D, kanye nezinkampani ezintsha ezizinikele ezixazululweni ezijikelezayo.
Amanye amaqembu kagesi asevele esebenza kule ndawo. Imvelo Inezitshalo ezimbili kweziyisithupha ze-biomethane esifundazweni, esinye eTorrefarrera kanti esinye eVila-sana, lapho i-biomethane icutshungulwa khona minyaka yonke. Amathani ayi-140.000 emfucuza yezimboni zezolimo kanye nemfuyo ukukhiqiza cishe i-60 GWh yegesi evuselelekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunemiklamo ekhuthazwa yizimali zomhlaba wonke, njengesitshalo iLa Sentiu de Sió, esithole imvume evela ku-Generalitat (uhulumeni waseCatalan) futhi silindele ukutshalwa kwezimali okungafika kuma-euro ayizigidi ezingu-90, kanye nokukhiqizwa okulinganiselwa ku-227 GWh ngonyaka kanye nemisebenzi eminingana eqondile.
Umbono wokuphathwa kwezindawo kanye nezifundazwe ukuthi intuthuko i-circular bioeconomy Kungathuthukisa ukuzinza komkhiqizo oyinhloko, kwandise inani elengeziwe lemboni yokudla kwezolimo, futhi kukhiqize imisebenzi enekhono ezindaweni zasemakhaya, ukuvimbela imfucuza ukuthi ingabonakali njengezindleko kuphela bese iguqulwa ibe yimithombo ewusizo.
Ezingeni likahulumeni, idatha evela ezinhlanganweni zezimboni ikhombisa ukuthi kukhona cishe Amaphrojekthi ezitshalo ze-biomethane angu-685 isakazeke kulo lonke izwe, okungase kuqoqwe cishe ama-euro ayizigidigidi eziyi-12.000 uma bezokwenzeka. Inhloso efanayo yezinkampani kanye nezinye izinhlaka zikahulumeni ukuthi iSpain ihlanganyele ngokugcwele kulokho okuchazwa ngokuthi uguquko lwe-biomethane ezingeni laseYurophu.
Imiphakathi ehlukene, ukubamba iqhaza kanye nokufinyelela olwazini
Ukufakwa kwe-biogas kuphoqa ukuthi kucatshangelwe kabusha indlela ephathwa ngayo izakhamuzi iqhaza kumaphrojekthi anengxenye eqinile yezobuchwepheshe nendawo. Ezimweni eziningi, ukungezwani akugcini nje ngokuzungeza isitshalo uqobo, kodwa futhi nomuzwa wokuthi kwenziwa izinqumo befulathele omakhelwane, ngaphandle kwezinqubo ezicacile zolwazi kanye nempikiswano.
Amapulatifomu afana ne-Stop Biometano Villangómez kanye ne-'No to Biogas in La Sagra' agcizelela ukuthi amadolobha abo “awayona indawo yokuzidela” futhi afuna ukuthi iziphakamiso zawo zemodeli yezomnotho kanye namandla endawo zihlonishwe. Izitatimende zabo zigxeka izinkampani ezikhuthazayo kanye nohulumeni besifunda kanye nokazwelonke, abasola ngakho. ukubeka phambili izintshisekelo zezinkampani ukuphendula ezidingweni zomhlaba wasemakhaya.
E-Cuéllar, i-Izquierda Unida igxeke i-Junta de Castilla y León. kwenza kube nzima ukufaka izinsolo Leli qembu liphikisana nezitshalo ze-biogas ngokufuna izakhamuzi ukuthi ziveze ngokusemthethweni isimo sazo "njengamaqembu anentshisekelo." Baveza ukuthi imithetho ye-Transparency and Administrative Procedure iyaqaphela ilungelo lomphakathi lokubamba iqhaza ezinqubweni zemvelo futhi bathi ukuba yisakhamuzi sendawo lapho izitshalo ze-biogas ezingaba khona kulindeleke khona kuqinisekisa leli lungelo. iphunga, ukungcola, noma ukwanda kwezimoto eziningi kuyisizathu esanele sokungenelela kuleli cala.
Lezi zinguquko ziholele ekudalweni amapulatifomu amasha omakhelwane Ezifundeni ezahlukene, amaqembu afuna ukuhlanganisa imizamo, ukwabelana ngolwazi lwezomthetho nolwezobuchwepheshe, nokuthola ithonya kumakhansela endawo kanye nohulumeni bezifunda. Bavame ukuphefumulelwa yizinyathelo zangaphambilini esezivele zimise amaphrojekthi afanayo kwabanye omasipala, okudala uhlobo "lomphumela wokutheleleka" ekuphikisweni kwe-biogas.
Kusukela ohlangothini lwezikhungo, izikhulu zesifunda ezifana noMqondisi Jikelele Wezemfundo kanye Nekhwalithi Yezemvelo kuHulumeni waseValencia zikhomba ukuthi ukumelana okukhulu kubangelwa yi- ulwazi olungelona iqiniso olusabalelengezinye izikhathi kukhuthazwa yizintshisekelo ezingqubuzanayo. Baphikisana ngokuthi izitshalo ezidlula inqubo yokuvumela zinemibiko ephelele ngomthelela wemvelo, izimo eziphuthumayo, ukuphathwa kwemfucuza, kanye nemithombo yamanzi, nokuthi uma kuvela izinkinga, ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukuphathwa okubihhayi ukwehluleka kwesakhiwo sobuchwepheshe.
Kulesi simo, umqondo uya ngokuya ukhula ukuthi isihluthulelo asigcini nje ngokwamukela noma ukwenqaba amaphrojekthi, kodwa futhi Qinisa ukucaca, thuthukisa izindlela zokubonisana nomphakathi futhi uphakamise amazinga aphansi obuchwepheshe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izitshalo ezakhiwe ziyasabela kokubili ezinhlosweni zesimo sezulu kanye nokukhathazeka kwemiphakathi eziphethe.
Okuvelayo esikhathini esizayo yisimo lapho izitshalo ze-biogas kanye ne-biomethane Zizoqhubeka nokwanda eSpain naseYurophu, ziqhutshwa yizidingo zokususa i-carbonization kanye nokuphathwa kwemfucuza, kodwa ukwamukelwa kwazo kuzoncika kakhulu ekutheni izingxabano zamanje zixazululwa kanjani: ukuthi yimaphi amaphrojekthi abhekwa njengazinzile ngempela, ukuthi ubukhulu bawo, indawo kanye nomklamo wawo kulawulwa kanjani, nokuthi ahlanganiswe ngezinga elingakanani kwimodeli yendawo izakhamuzi eziyibona njengeyazo hhayi njengesibopho sangaphandle.
