Uma uwabuka nje, amathayela elanga awahlukaniseki kalula kumathayili avamile. Angaba ishidi elimnyama elingisa amapuleti e-slate e-homogeneous, kodwa futhi aklanywe njengamathayili aseRoma, lawo anesikhunta esigobile esinezinhlangothi eziyisicaba kanye namathoni abomvu. Lokhu kufihla kobuhle kusho ukuthi uma uthi nhlá akulula ukwazi ukuthi lawa mathayela ayakwazi ukukhiqiza amandla elanga.
Isici sobuhle siyinzuzo enkulu ngaphezu kwamaphaneli endabuko. Ngokungafani namaphaneli e-photovoltaic amakhulu abekwe ophahleni, amathayili elanga ahlanganisa ngokuphelele nomklamo wendlu. Lokhu kubenza babe inketho ekhangayo kubanikazi bezindlu abaningi abazisa umthelela obonakalayo ophahleni lwabo. Nakuba ubuhle bungase bubonakale njengento encane, le mininingwane ingaba ukhiye ezindlini eziningi zokukhetha amathayela elanga eminyakeni ezayo.
Ukuphusha kukaTesla emakethe yamathayela elanga
Umthelela wenkampani efana neTesla emakethe yamathayela elanga uye waphawuleka. Ngo-Okthoba 2016, uTesla, oholwa ngu-Elon Musk, wethula umnikelo wakhe wethayela ophahleni lwelanga emcimbini okubonakala sengathi umkhathi wawo uvela eHollywood. Okwakumangalisa kwakungebona ubuchwepheshe kuphela, kodwa ukuhlanganiswa kobuhle. Akekho ezilalelini owayeqaphele ukuthi izindlu zomcimbi zazihlanganisa ama-solar shingles kuze kube yilapho uMusk ekhuluma ngakho. Le ndlela yahlukana nesithombe sendabuko samaphaneli elanga abonakalayo futhi amakhulu.
UJuan Monjo, uprofesa e-UPM, ugqamisa ukuthi ukuqamba okusha kukaTesla kusekusetshenzisweni kwengilazi engazweli ngaphandle, kulandelwa into enombala evumela ukukhanya kudlule. Ngezansi kwalesi sakhiwo kukhona iseli photovoltaic. Lobu buchwepheshe buvumela ukudalwa kwamathayili angasekho amnyama, kodwa angaba nokubukeka kwesileyiti noma amathayili endabuko, agcine ukusebenza kwe-photovoltaic ngaphandle kokuthikameze ubuhle.
Amathayela ophahla lwelanga: imakethe ekhulayo
Nakuba uTesla evuselele isithakazelo kuma-solar shingles, akuwona ubuchwepheshe obusha. Zakhiwe iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, nakuba isidingo sikhule kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Umkhiqizi u-SunTegra, isibonelo, uhlangabezane nokukhula okungama-300% ezinyangeni eziyisithupha nje. Lokhu, ngokusho kwe-CEO u-Oliver Koehler, kungenxa yokuthi abantu abaningi bathola amaphaneli avamile kunzima ukuwahlanganisa ekwakhiweni kwendlu.
Amathayili elanga anikeza isixazululo sobuhle esihlanganisa ngokuphelele ezindlini ngaphandle kokuyekethisa kakhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla. Nakuba esebenza kancane kancane kunamaphaneli, ekusebenzeni kahle kuka-15%, ukuqonda kwawo kanye nokwenza ngokwezifiso kuwenza abe inketho ekhangayo kubanikazi bezindlu abaningi.
Abakhiqizi baseYurophu nabo bazama lezi zixazululo. Inkampani yaseSweden i-SolTech Energy, isibonelo, ithuthukisa amathayili ophahleni lwelanga angahlanganiswa ngokugcwele nesakhiwo samakhaya, emele umkhuba okhulayo emhlabeni wamandla avuselelekayo. Amathayili elanga afana nalawo avela ku-SolTech awagcini nje ngokuthwebula amandla, kodwa futhi asiza ekusebenzeni kahle kwezinga lokushisa kwezindlu.
Ukonga amandla amathayela elanga
Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokutshala imali kuma-solar ophahleni lukathayela ukonga amandla. Ngokusho kwe-SunTegra, uhlelo lwe-5 kW lungahlanganisa cishe amamitha-skwele angama-37 futhi lubize phakathi kuka-$16.000 no-$20.000, oseluvele lufakiwe. Inani lamandla akhiqizwayo lizoncika endaweni. Ezindaweni ezinelanga njenge-California, i-1,5 kuya ku-1,7 kWh ingakhiqizwa ngonyaka nge-watt ngayinye efakiwe. Kwezinye izindawo ezingashisi kakhulu, njengaseNew York, ukukhiqizwa kwehlela ku-1,2 noma ku-1,3 kWh.
Ukunikeza isibonelo esisebenzayo, uma siphindaphinda amawathi angu-5.000 ngo-1,5 kWh, sizothola u-7.500 kWh ngonyaka. Lokhu konga amandla kubalulekile, uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okumaphakathi kwekhaya lase-Spain cishe ku-10.000 kWh ngonyaka. Ngakho-ke, amathayela elanga angamboza iningi lezidingo zamandla zasekhaya.
Umthelela wemvelo nawo mkhulu. Ngokusho kwe-US Environmental Protection Agency, ukukhiqiza u-7.500 kWh minyaka yonke ngamandla elanga kuzogwema ukukhishwa kwamathani angu-5,3 metric we-CO2, okulingana nokuhamba amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-20.000 ngemoto.
Izinselelo zokulawula nezomnotho e-Spain
Imithetho yokuzisebenzisa ngokwakho eSpain ibe yisithiyo esikhulu ekwamukelweni kwamathayili ophahleni lwelanga. Okwamanje, umthetho awubavumeli abasebenzisi ukuthi banxeshezelwe ngamandla angaphezu kwamandla abangawakhiqiza futhi bawathele kugridi. Emindenini eminingi, lokhu kusho ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali kufanele kufake nezindleko zamabhethri, ezingadlula amaRandi angu-4.000, ukugcina amandla engeziwe.
Esinye isici esivimbela abanye abathengi intengo yama-solar shingles uma kuqhathaniswa nama-shingles avamile. Amathayili elanga abiza ngokuphindwe kahlanu. Kodwa-ke, intengo nge-watt ngayinye yalezi zinhlayiya isondela kuleyo yamaphaneli elanga endabuko, angawenza abe yinketho ekhangayo ezimeni ezithile.
Ikusasa lophahla lwelanga?
Nakuba amathayela elanga asesesigabeni sokuziphendukela kwemvelo, amandla awo makhulu kakhulu. U-Monjo ubonisa ukuthi sisese "prehistory" yalobu buchwepheshe, njengoba kunjalo ngamaphaneli we-photovoltaic wendabuko. Nokho, kunezizathu zokuba nethemba. Njengoba ucwaningo lwezinto ze-photovoltaic kanye nobuchwepheshe buthuthuka, amathayela elanga kungenzeka athuthuke ekusebenzeni kahle nokuncipha kwezindleko.
Nakuba zisasebenza kahle kakhulu kunamaphaneli elanga avamile, akungabazeki ukuthi amathayili elanga amelela isixazululo esikhangayo kulabo abafuna ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla ezindlini zabo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ubuhle. Le mboni ihlose ukusimama kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezixazululo zamandla ezingagcini nje ngokulondoloza amandla, kodwa futhi zihlanganise nomklamo wokwakhiwa kwezindlu nezinye izakhiwo. Iminyaka ezayo ingabona ukukhula okukhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwalobu buchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi endaweni yomndeni owodwa.
Esikhundleni sokubeka amaphaneli wokukhiqiza, ukukhiqiza amathayili noma ukukhiqiza indawo eyisicaba, hhayi imikhiqizo emibili kepha umkhiqizo onemisebenzi emibili futhi ongabizi ukufakwa kabili noma okungenani ukufakwa okukodwa, okuthile kuyinto ethile.