Ukulahla udoti kuchazwa njengesenzo sokulahla imfucuza noma udoti ezindaweni zomphakathi noma ezindaweni ezingahloselwe ukulahlwa. Lokhu kuziphatha kuhlanganisa kokubili inkinga yezemvelo neyomphakathi, ethinta kabi imvelo, izilwane zasendle kanye nempilo yomphakathi.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela izimbangela eziyinhloko nemiphumela yokulahla udoti, kanye nezenzo zayo eziyinhloko nezisombululo.
Ukulahla udoti eSpain
E-Spain, izinhlawulo zezezimali ezihlobene nokulahlwa kwemfucuza ziyahlukahluka kuye ngemithethonqubo esungulwe umphakathi nomasipala ngamunye ozimele. Ngezansi kukhona imibandela evamile unswinyo lwezomnotho e-Spain:
Umthetho 7/2022, oshaywe ngo-April 8, on Waste and Comtaminated Soil for a Circular Economy, usebenza njengohlaka lokulawula oludinga ukuthi izinkampani zithobele izindinganiso zokuphatha imfucuza. Uma inkampani kutholakala ukuthi yephula lezi zinhlinzeko kanye Kufakazelwa ukuthi wenze “ukulahlwa” noma ulahle imfucuza endaweni engagunyaziwe, ungase uthole izinhlawulo zezimali.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi unswinyo lwezomnotho lungahluka phakathi kwezinkampani nabantu ngabanye. Ngenxa yezimpawu zezentengiselwano zemisebenzi yazo kanye namandla azo amakhulu okuba nomthelela emvelweni, izinkampani zingase zithole izinhlawulo ezinkulu kakhulu.
Ukuze uthole ulwazi oluningiliziwe ngezinhlawulo zezimali ezihlobene nokulahlwa kukadoti ngamabhizinisi endaweni ethile yase-Spain, kuhle ukuthi ubuyekeze imithetho yendawo futhi uxhumane neziphathimandla ezifanele, njengokuthi umkhandlu wendawo noma i-ejensi yezemvelo efanele.
Izinhlangano zidinga ukuthobela imithetho nezimiso zokulawulwa kwemfucuza, ngaleyo ndlela zikhuthaze ukuphathwa kwemvelo futhi zisebenzisa izinqubo ezisimeme ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahlwa kukadoti nokuziphatha okulimazayo kwemvelo, ekugcineni kube nesandla esimisweni semvelo esihlanzekile nesinempilo.
Uma unebhizinisi, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhambisane noMthetho Wokubophezeleka Kwemvelo futhi uqashe uchwepheshe ogunyaziwe wokulawula imfucuza ukukusiza ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthobela izindinganiso zemvelo.
Izijeziso zokulahla udoti
Ukwehluleka ukuthobela lezi zinyathelo, uma engekho umphathi ogunyaziwe, kungaholela emiphumeleni engathi sína, okuhlanganisa izinhlawulo ezisukela phakathi kuka-1.000 no-1.700.000 wama-euro. Kubalulekile ukuhlola amazinga ahlukene ezinswinyo ezihambisana nokungaphathwa kahle kwemfucuza kanye nezimo ezingase ziwubangele.
Yonke inkampani ibhekene nethuba lokuthola unswinyo. Kodwa-ke, ukwephulwa kwemithetho emincane kuvame ukuvama, futhi kuvame ukuvela ezindabeni ezinjengokubambezeleka kokuhambisa imibhalo noma ukwephulwa komthetho okungahlanganisi ukwephulwa okukhulu. Kulezi zimo, Inhlawulo ivamise ukuqala kuma-euro angama-900.
Izijeziso ezinzima zezinqubo zokuphatha udoti ezingafanele
Kulezi zimo, unswinyo Phakathi kwama-euro angu-901 kanye nama-euro angu-45.000 asungulelwa imisebenzi ehlanganisa ukudluliselwa noma ukuthengiswa kwemfucuza kubantu ngabanye., kanye nokulahlwa okungalawuleki kanye nokulahlwa kwemfucuza, ukungabi khona kwamalebula afanele noma ukwehluleka ukudlulisela ulwazi oludingekayo kuziphathimandla.
Ezimeni zokumosha okuyingozi, izinhlawulo zingaba nzima kakhulu. Lezi zinhlawulo zingakwazi ziyahlukahluka phakathi kwama-euro angu-9.000 kanye nama-euro angu-300.000, okubangela, ngendlela efanayo necala elishiwo ngenhla, ekumisweni kokugunyazwa isikhathi esingangonyaka owodwa.
Izijeziso ezinzima kakhulu zezinqubo zokulawulwa kwemfucuza ezinganele
Ngaphandle kokungabaza, unswinyo olunzima kakhulu yileso esingakubekezeleli nhlobo izinkampani ezingawuphathi kahle udoti. Kulezi zimo, inhlawulo ingahluka kakhulu, isuka ku-300.000 euros iye ku-1.750.000 euros, futhi ingafaka nokuvalwa kwezikhungo kanye nokuhoxiswa okuhambisanayo.
Ngokuvamile, izijeziso ezinzima zihlotshaniswa nokulahlwa okungalawuleki kanye nokulahlwa kwemfucuza eyingozi, okungenzeka, ezimweni ezithile, kuhilele ukudayiswa kwaleyo mfucumfucu. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukugqamisa ukuthi lezi zijeziso azixhumene kuphela nemfucuza eyingozi, kodwa noma iyiphi into ebeka engcupheni impilo yomphakathi noma indawo ezungezile ingase ibangele unswinyo oluhambisanayo.
Imithelela yokulahlwa kukadoti
Ukugcina ukuxhumana nezindawo zemvelo kubalulekile ukuze ubone ukubaluleka kwazo futhi wenze ngokumelene nalokhu kungcola okuthulile. Isenzo sokulahla udoti emvelweni saziwa ngokuthi ukulahla udoti. Leli gama lisabalele kakhulu futhi lisichaza kahle isimo.
Lena eminye yemiphumela yokulahla udoti:
- Ukuguqulwa kwe-ecosystem okwenzeka ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Isibonelo, imfucumfucu efana nentambo ingangenwa noma idale umonakalo ezilwaneni, okuholela ekulimaleni ngokomzimba nangaphakathi kwangaphandle. Ukwengeza, udoti usebenza njengomsele wamagciwane, wenza kube lula ukudluliswa kwezinhlobo ezihlaselayo phakathi kwezindawo ezihlukene. Imfucumfucu ehlukahlukene inqwabelana emvelweni, okuhlanganisa izinto zansuku zonke ezifana nama-swabs kakotini, izinto zokusula, amaphakheji epulasitiki, amathini nezinqamu zikagwayi.
- Ukukhululwa kwamakhemikhali. Amapulasitiki esiwasebenzisa nsuku zonke ngokuvamile aqukethe izithasiselo ezifana nama-plasticizers ukuze aphathe kangcono nezinqamuli zomlilo. Ucwaningo olwenziwe yi-LIBERA Project, olufunde amanzi asuka kumaphuzu ayi-150 eSpain, luveze ukuthi kumaphuzu angama-49.000 wedatha aqoqiwe futhi kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezihloliwe, "zine kuphela ezingangcoliswa", ngokusho komuntu obhekele iphrojekthi. Phakathi kwezinto ezingcolile ezitholiwe kukhona izinto ezifana ne-caffeine, i-nicotine, izidakamizwa nezinto ezivimbela ilangabi. Emhlabathini, abacwaningi bathole uhla lwezinto ezingcolisayo, kusukela kuma-hydrocarbon ahambisana nemoto kuya kuma-varnish, ama-lacquers nezibulala-zinambuzane. “Sithole nezinto ezingcolile ezazinqatshelwe ngeminyaka yama-50s, 60s noma 70s Phakathi kwazo, i-DDT, isibulala-zinambuzane, ne-polychlorinated vinyl, eyayisetshenziswa ngaphambilini ezintweni zikagesi,” kusho uSara Güemes.
- Imithelela empilweni yomuntu. Ngokusho kwedatha ye-LIBERA, amathani epulasitiki aphakathi kwezigidi ezine neziyishumi nambili akhishwa ezindaweni zemvelo minyaka yonke emhlabeni jikelele. Kuleli nani, kulinganiselwa ukuthi izigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-51.000 zingase zenziwe ngama-microplastics.
Njengoba ubona, lena imiphumela yokungaphathwa kahle kwemfucuza ngenxa yokungaqapheli kahle ngokunakekela imvelo. Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokulahla udoti eSpain nemiphumela yako.