Uyazi ukuthi ngokufaka i-thermal insulation ekhaya lakho unethuba lokonga imali futhi ukhiqize umthelela omuhle endaweni ezungezile? Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kuthuthukiswa kakhulu ngokwengezwa kwezivikeli ezishisayo, okuvumela ukonga okukhulu kubhili yakho kagesi kanye nokwenyuka kokunethezeka sekukonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzothola ukufakwa kwe-acoustic okungcono kakhulu, okuzohumushela ekunciphiseni isidingo se-air conditioning futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukukhishwa kwe-CO2.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi yiziphi ezihamba phambili izinto ezivikela kangcono ekushiseni nokuthi banganikela kanjani ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla kwekhaya lakho.
Ukubaluleka kwe-thermal insulation
Sivame ukunganaki amandla amoshwayo ngokungazi ukuthi isiphi isivikelo esisebenza kahle kakhulu sokushisa. Ukufakwa kwe-thermal kuyinto kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukudluliswa kokushisa, okusho ukuthi kusiza ukugcina amazinga okushisa angaphakathi endlini kungakhathaliseki izimo zangaphandle.
Inhloso eyinhloko yezinto zokushisa ukushisa ukulawula ukudluliswa kokushisa okukhiqizwa ngaphakathi kwendlu. Lokhu kufezwa ngokusebenzisa i- izinto ezithile ezivimbela ukuqhutshwa kokushisa, ngaleyo ndlela kube lula ukwakheka kwamaphakethe omoya ngaphakathi kwezindonga, ophahleni kanye naphansi.
Umphumela awulona nje ikhaya elinethezekile, kodwa futhi nokugcinwa kwamandla okubalulekile. Eqinisweni, ngokwezifundo ezikhethekile, kuze kube Amaphesenti angama-80 wamandla asetshenziswa izakhiwo EYurophu isetshenziselwa ukupholisa umoya, okwenza ukufakwa kwe-thermal kube ithuluzi elibalulekile ekulweni nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Izinzuzo zokuba ne-thermal insulation enhle
Ukwenza ucwaningo lwe-thermal insulation ekhaya elijwayelekile kuzodalula izinga lokulahleka kwamandla futhi kuveze izibalo ezikhangayo: U-35% wamandla uhlakazeka kuma-facade, u-25% uphuma ophahleni, u-15% ungena emhlabathini kanye nokuvuza okwengeziwe okungu-15%. ngeminyango nasemafasiteleni, futhi u-10% ulahlekile ngeminye imithombo.
Uma ikhaya lakho lifakwe a ukufakwa okuphelele kwe-thermal lokho kukuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze wonke lawo mandla, uzokwazi ukuthola izinzuzo eziningi ezifana nalezi:
- Ukonga amandla okubalulekile okuzobonakala kuma-invoyisi akho.
- Ukunethezeka kwe-thermal ne-acoustic: ivimbela ukushisa ngokweqile kanye nomsindo wangaphandle.
- Ezinye izindlu ezisimeme: Umthelela omncane kwezemvelo ngenxa yokuncipha kokusetshenziswa kwezifudumezi nezipholile.
- Ukuvimbela izinkinga zesakhiwo: Ngokulawula umswakama kuvimbela ukubonakala kwesikhunta nezinye izinkinga ezihlobene.
Lezi yizinto ezivikela kakhulu ukushisa
Ukukhetha izinto ezingcono kakhulu zokushisa ukushisa, kuyadingeka ukwazi izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-insulators kanye nezakhiwo zabo. Lapha sikubonisa izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu namuhla kanye nezici zazo eziyinhloko. Lezi zinsiza zivelele kuzo ukumelana nokushisa, ukufakwa kalula kanye nokuqina.
Ama-insulators ashisayo enziwe ngamaminerali
Itholwe kumaminerali emvelo njengamatshe nesihlabathi, ama-insulators amaminerali ashisayo Ziyizinqumo ezithandwayo embonini yezokwakha ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okuhle kakhulu kokushisa. Lezi zinto zokusetshenziswa zisebenza njengama-insulators ashisayo futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene.
Izibonelo zalolu hlobo lwama-insulators zifaka:
- I-mineral wool: idalwe ngenhlanganisela yesihlabathi se-silica, uboya bengilazi noma i-fiberglass. Yaziwa ngamandla ayo okushisa kanye ne-acoustic. Imelana nomswakama nomlilo.
- I-Rock wool: Kwenziwe ngamatshe e-basaltic aphathwe ngezimboni. Kuyinto engashi, okwenza ibe yinhle kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kwezakhiwo.
- I-fiberglass: Ngenye insulator evame kakhulu futhi isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ekufakweni okuthambekele ekubeni nomswakama ngenxa yokumelana namanzi.
Izinto zemvelaphi yezitshalo ezihlinzeka nge-thermal insulation
Izinto zezitshalo, ngaphezu kokuba zemvelo, zinikeza umthamo omuhle kakhulu wokufakwa kwe-thermal. Eziningi zazo zihlanganisa imicu egcina umoya, enikeza i-coefficient yokudlulisa eshisayo ephansi.
- Ukotini: izinto ezigaywa kabusha ezivalela umoya futhi ezilungele ukufakwa odongeni.
- Hemp: Ine-high density, okuyenza ibe isivikeli se-acoustic esihle.
- Iselula: lisuselwa ekugayweni kabusha kwephepha, lihle kakhulu ekuphepheni emigodini futhi lisetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakheni ukuvuselelwa.
- Ilineni nemicu yokhuni: izinto zemvelo ezimunca umswakama ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa izakhiwo ezishisayo.
Ama-insulators okufakelwa ashisayo
Izinto zokufakelwa zokufakelwa i-insulating zisetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yokukhululeka kwazo kokukhiqiza nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokushisa. Lezi zitholakala ngezinqubo zamakhemikhali futhi zilungele ukwakhiwa okudinga ukufakwa okusheshayo, okuphumelelayo nokungeyona inkimbinkimbi.
- I-polyurethane: inikeza ukufakwa okuphezulu kwe-thermal kanye ne-acoustic. Ingasetshenziswa ngokuqagela ezindongeni naphansi, ivumelane ngokuphelele nanoma yikuphi ukuma.
- I-polystyrene enwetshiwe (EPS): Okwaziwa nangokuthi ukhokho omhlophe, awusindi, kulula ukuwufaka futhi uyasebenza kakhulu. Inketho yayo ekhishwe (i-XPS) inokumelana okukhudlwana kwemishini futhi ilungele phansi noma ophahleni.
- Amagwebu e-elastomeric: Bahlinzeka ngokufakwa okuhle kakhulu kwe-thermal kanye ne-acoustic, elungele izinhlelo zokupholisa umoya.
Ama-insulators anezakhiwo ezikhanyayo
Lezi zinto ezaziwa ngokuthi imigoqo ekhazimulayo Zenzelwe ukukhombisa ukushisa ngaphandle zisebenzisa izendlalelo ze-aluminium, i-polyethylene namabhamuza omoya. Ziphelele ekunciphiseni ukuzuza okushisayo ehlobo futhi zisetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ophahleni, iminyango namafasitela athola imisebe eqondile.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezithiyo ezikhanyayo kunganciphisa kuze kube 30% inani lamandla okuhloselwe ukupholisa indawo yangaphakathi, emele ukonga okubalulekile ezindaweni ezishisayo.
Yiziphi izingxenye zendlu ezidinga ukufakwa kwe-thermal?
Ukukhomba izindawo ezibalulekile ukuze uvale kahle ikhaya lakho kubalulekile ekwandiseni ukusebenza kahle kwamandla. Ngezansi, sikubonisa izindawo okufanele zibekwe eqhulwini ukufaka ukufakwa kwe-thermal:
Gxilisa izindonga
Ukufakwa kwezindonga kubalulekile, ngoba ngaphezu kwama-35% okulahlekelwa ukushisa Ekhaya akhiqizwa ngalezi zindawo. Kuye ngohlobo lodonga (olunayo noma olungenayo), ungakhetha izinto ezikhanyisiwe, ezishaywayo noma amaphaneli.
Ukufakwa kophahla
Uphahla lunesibopho se U-25% wokulahlekelwa ukushisa. Ukufaka uphahla ngendlela efanele kubalulekile ukuze ugweme ukushisa ngokweqile ehlobo nokubanda ebusika. Izinto ezinconyiwe ziyi-mineral wool kanye ne-polyurethane.
Ukushisa okushisayo kwaphansi
Nakuba kungavamile, ukufakwa kwaphansi phansi kungenye indlela enhle kakhulu yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla. Uma unquma ukufaka insulate phansi, khetha izinto ezifana polystyrene extruded enezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini nokumelana namanzi.
I-insulation yeminyango namafasitela
Iminyango namafasitela kungamaphuzu abalulekile okulahlekelwa amandla. Faka amawindi nge ukucwebezela kabili kanye nezimpawu zokushisa ezicabheni zingaqeda kuze kube I-15% yokuvuza kwamandla. Izithiyo ezikhazimulayo kulezi zindawo nazo zinconywa kakhulu.
Ukuba nokufakwa okwanele kokushisa okushisayo akunikezeli nje kuphela ikhaya elinethezekile nelisebenza kahle, kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamandla futhi kunomthelela ekusimameni kwemvelo. Ngamafuphi, ukwahlukanisa akukhona nje ukutshala imali ekuthuthukiseni izinga lakho lempilo, kodwa futhi nasekuqinisekiseni umthelela ophansi wemvelo esikhathini eside.