Nakuba amandla ezinto ezimbiwa phansi asabusa iplanethi yethu namuhla, amandla avuselelekayo ayangena ezimakethe zawo wonke amazwe emhlabeni. Amandla avuselelekayo yilawo angangcolisi indawo ezungezile, angapheleli futhi akwazi ukusebenzisa ngokunenzuzo amandla ezakhi zomhlaba nendawo ezizungezile, njengelanga, umoya, namanzi, phakathi kokunye, ukuze kuphehle ugesi. . Njengoba amafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi esezophela, izinto ezivuselelekayo ziyikusasa.
Namuhla sizokhuluma ngokujulile mayelana photovoltaic amandla elanga. Lawa mandla, mhlawumbe, asetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni emkhakheni wezinto ezivuselelekayo. Ungathanda ukwazi ukuthi isebenza kanjani kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlukile enakho?
Incazelo
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuchaza ukusetshenziswa kwayo kanye nezakhiwo, kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi iyini amandla elanga e-photovoltaic. Amandla elanga e-photovoltaic yilokho okuyikho ekwazi ukusebenzisa amandla emisebeni yelanga futhi iwaguqule abe ugesi. Lokhu kufezwa ngokusebenzisa izinto ze-semiconductor ezikhiqiza amandla kagesi lapho zivezwe ekukhanyeni.
Lo mthombo wamandla uhlanzeke ngokuphelele, ngoba awukhiqizi igesi ebamba ukushisa noma ukukhishwa okunobuthi phakathi nenqubo yawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-a amandla avuselelweko, okusho ukuthi umthombo walo oyinhloko, ilanga, ngeke uphele izigidigidi zeminyaka. Ukuze usebenzise la mandla, izisetshenziswa ezaziwa ngokuthi amaphaneli elanga. Lawa maphaneli athwebula ama-photon okukhanya emisebeni yelanga futhi awaguqule abe ugesi ngenqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi umphumela we-photovoltaic.
Wenziwa kanjani amandla elanga we-photovoltaic?
Inqubo yokukhiqiza amandla elanga e-photovoltaic iqala ekuthathweni kwamafotoni okukhanya kwelanga kusetshenziswa amaphaneli elanga. Lezi zibamba imisebe yelanga futhi ngomphumela we-photovoltaic ziguqula ukukhanya kube amandla kagesi. I-solar panel ngayinye yakhiwe Amaseli we-Photovoltaic, okuyizinto ze-semiconductor (ngokuvamile i-silicon) ekwazi ukumunca amandla ama-photon futhi ikhiphe ama-electron. Lawa ma-electron, lapho ehamba, akhiqiza amandla kagesi.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-voltage ephumayo yeseli ye-photovoltaic iphansi kakhulu (cishe i-0,6 V). Ukuze kwandiswe amandla esistimu, lawa maseli axhunywe ochungechungeni enza a i-modulo fotovoltaico, ehlanganiswe esakhiweni esimelana nomswakama kanye nesimo sezulu esingesihle.
Le nqubo ikhiqiza i-current eqondile ukuthi, ngokusebenzisa iziguquli zamandla, ingaguqulwa ibe yamanje eshintshanayo, evumela ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezindlini nasemabhizinisini.
Izinto nokusebenza
Amaphaneli elanga angamadivayisi lapho kubanjwa khona amaseli e-photovoltaic. Lawa maphaneli anokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene, kokubili komuntu siqu kanye nebhizinisi. Eqinisweni, izindleko zamaphaneli zehlile eminyakeni yakamuva, futhi singathola ukufakwa okujwayelekile okukhona I-7.000 euro.
Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zalezi zinhlelo yizo ukufakwa okulula kanye nokugcinwa okuphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphila kwayo okusebenzisekayo yinde kakhulu, nxazonke Iminyaka engu-25-30, okuvumela ukutshalwa kwezimali ukuthi kuncishiswe kalula.
Nokho, indawo yamaphaneli idlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwawo. Ukuze kwandiswe ukuthwebula amandla, amaphaneli kufanele aqondiswe lapho ethola khona amahora amaningi okukhanya kwelanga ngosuku. Amandla athunjiwe angagcinwa kumabhethri ukuze asetshenziswe ebusuku noma ngezinsuku eziguqubele.
Ukusebenza kokufakwa kwe-solar photovoltaic kuzohluka kuye ngokuthi i-geography nokuhlelwa kwamaphaneli. Ezindaweni ezinamahora amaningi okukhanya kwelanga, amasistimu elanga avumela ukutshalwa kwezimali ukuthi kuphinde kutholakale cishe iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili, okushiya umkhawulo wesikhathi sokwenza inzuzo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla we-photovoltaic solar
Izinhlelo ze-Photovoltaic zixhunywe kugridi
Enye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu amandla elanga e-photovoltaic ngokusebenzisa amasistimu axhunywe kugridi kagesi. Lezi zinhlelo zivumela amandla elanga ukuthi asetshenziselwe ukukhiqiza ugesi ofakwa kugridi. Ukufeza lokhu, basebenzisa ama-inverters kagesi eziguqula amandla akhona aqondile akhiqizwa amaphaneli abe awamanje ashintshanayo, ahambisane negridi kagesi.
Nakuba izindleko nge-kWh ngayinye yamandla elanga zisaphakeme ngandlela thize uma ziqhathaniswa neminye imithombo yamandla, lo mehluko wehliswe kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obushibhile kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamaphaneli. Ezifundeni eziningi ezinokukhanya kwelanga okuchichimayo, ama-photovoltaics asevele ancintisana neminye imithombo. Uxhaso lukahulumeni nosizo luyisihluthulelo sokwenza le nketho ibe ngeyokusebenza kakhulu kubathengi abaningi.
Okunye ukusetshenziswa kwamandla we-photovoltaic solar
Ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwayo ekukhiqizeni ugesi, i-solar photovoltaics inezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezengeziwe. Ezinye ezivame kakhulu yilezi:
- Isibani: Ilungele ukunikeza ukukhanya ezindaweni zomphakathi, njengemigwaqo, izindawo zokuphumula kanye nezindawo zasemakhaya.
- Ukusayina: Isetshenziswa kaningi emkhakheni wezimpawu zemigwaqo nasolwandle ukumaka amaphuzu abalulekile.
- Ezokuxhumana ngocingo: Ukufakwa okuningi okuphindaphindayo kwezokuxhumana kunika amandla amasistimu abo kusetshenziswa amandla e-solar photovoltaic.
- Ukulima: Emapulazini nasemisebenzini yemfuyo, isetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokumpompa amanzi, ukunikezwa kukagesi ezinhlelweni zokusenga, phakathi kokunye.
Ukuze kwandiswe lolu hlu, amandla elanga e-photovoltaic nawo anokubaluleka okubalulekile ekufakeni ugesi emaphandleni ezindaweni ezingazodwa, okuvumela imiphakathi ekude namagridi kagesi ukuba ifinyelele ugesi ngendlela ehlanzekile neqhubekayo.
I-photovoltaic amandla elanga ingenye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokunciphisa ukuncika emithonjeni engcolisayo nengavuseleleki. Ukufakwa kwayo kalula kanye nempilo ende ewusizo kuye kwavumela imikhakha eminingi, kusukela kwezimboni kuya ezindaweni zasemakhaya, ukuthi yamukele lolu hlobo lwamandla njengesixazululo esisebenzayo, esimeme nesomnotho.