Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kungenye yezinselelo ezinkulu zomhlaba zesikhathi sethu. Ukuvimbela amazinga okushisa amaphakathi emhlabeni wonke ukuthi akhuphuke ngaphezu kwamadigri angu-2 ngaphezu kwamazinga angaphambi kwezimboni, njengoba kubekwe kuSivumelwano saseParis, kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa njenge-CO2. Nokho, ukushintshela emithonjeni yamandla ehlanzeke ngokuphelele kuhamba kancane, futhi ukushiswa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi kusewumthombo omkhulu wamandla. Kulesi simo, i- Ukubanjwa kwe-CO2 ivela njengesixazululo esisebenzayo sokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ngenkathi sibhekela kumodeli yamandla esimeme kakhudlwana.
Ukuze uzinzise ukugcwala kwe-CO2 emkhathini futhi ugweme imithelela emibi kakhulu yesimo sezulu, kubalulekile hhayi ukunciphisa ukungcola kuphela, kodwa futhi bamba futhi ugcine i-CO2 ekhishiwe. Lesi sihloko sihlola ukuthi i-CO2 ibanjwa kanjani, kanye nokuthutha nokugcinwa kwayo, insimu lapho usosayensi u-Edward Rubin abe nendima ebalulekile khona.
Ukuthunjwa kwe-CO2 no-Edward Rubin
U-Edward Rubin ungomunye wabantu abavelele kakhulu emkhakheni we Ukubanjwa kwe-CO2. Kusuka e-Carnegie Mellon University e-United States, unikele umsebenzi wakhe ekucwaningeni nasekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe bokuthwebula, ukuthutha kanye nokugcinwa kwe-CO2 ekhishwa izitshalo zamandla ezishisa izibaso ezimbiwa phansi. Akagcini nje ngokuba ngumbhali wezifundo eziningi kulo mkhakha, kodwa uphinde wahola imibiko ye-IPCC ngalobu buchwepheshe.
U-Rubin ugqamisa ukuthi amamodeli amaningi wesimo sezulu ahlola izimo zesikhathi esizayo awacabangi ukuncipha okukhulu kokukhishwa kwe-CO2 ngaphandle kokufaka ukuthwebula nokugcinwa kwendawo yaleli gesi. Naphezu kwemizamo yokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo, ukushintshela ngokushesha ekusaseni elingakhiqizi nhlobo akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwalobu buchwepheshe obusekelayo.
Isixazululo sokukhishwa kwegesi
Ukumisa wonke amafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi ngokushesha akuyona inketho engokoqobo. Njengoba isidingo samandla emhlabeni wonke siqhubeka sikhuphuka, kunesidingo sokubheka izixazululo ezixubile okufaka kokubili ukungena okukhulu kwamandla avuselelekayo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuthwebula isikhutha. Amandla elanga nomoya anamandla amakhulu, kodwa ukufakwa nokwanda kwawo akuqhubeki ngokushesha ngokwanele ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezinjongo zokunciphisa ukungcola okungama-80% ngo-2050. NgokukaRubin, umhlaba usancike kakhulu kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, futhi lokhu kusengenzeka kuhlale kungukuncishiswa kwesisi esingcolisa umoya. icala lekusasa elibonakalayo.
“Siphila ezweni eligcwele izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi, lapho kunzima khona ukuxosha umphakathi kuwo naphezu kobunzima bokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.”
Ulwazi mayelana nomjikelezo wekhabhoni seluthuthuke ngokwanele ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuvumela ukuthi i-CO2 ibanjwe, igcinwe futhi isetshenziswe kabusha ngezinga elikhulu. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwalezi zixazululo kudinga ukulawulwa okusebenzayo kanye nohlaka olufanele lokutshala izimali.
"Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, kwenziwa ukutshalwa kwezimali okwakulindelekile, kodwa njengoba ithemba lokuthatha isinyathelo esinamandla kwezombusazwe liyancipha, ijubane lokutshala izimali liye lehla."
E-European Union, enye yamaphrojekthi afisa kakhulu wokuthwebula i-CO2 yaxhaswa ngezimali eSpain. I-European Commission yabele ama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-180 kuphrojekthi yokuthwebula nokugcina embonini yase-Endesa e-Compostilla (Cubillos de Sil, León), eyaphazanyiswa ngo-2013 ngenxa yokwehla kwezintengo zamalungelo okukhipha umoya.
Isidingo somthetho ofanelekile
Umthelela umthetho ofanelekile onawo ekuthuthukisweni nasekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe bokuthwebula i-CO2 awunakubukelwa phansi. Imithetho elawulayo ejezisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni okungabanjwanga ingakhuphula ngokumangazayo ukwamukelwa kwalobu buchwepheshe emhlabeni wonke. Isibonelo esicacile senzeka emithethweni yezimoto, lapho ama-catalysts anciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi enobuthi. Ngokufanayo, umthetho odinga ukuthwebula i-CO2 uzoba nesinqumo.
U-Rubin uqinisekisa ukuthi azikho izithiyo zesayensi noma zobuchwepheshe ezivimbela ukuthunjwa okukhulu kwe-CO2. Ubunzima obukhulu ezomnotho nezepolitiki, futhi bukhomba ukuntula kokuvimbela mayelana nokukhishwa kwegesi okungabanjwanga. Ukuthwebula kwe-CO2 kudla amandla, kodwa uma izinhlawulo noma imingcele eqinile ibibekwe ekukhishweni okungabanjwanga, ukuthwebula bekuzokhuthazwa nakanjani.”
Obunye ubuchwepheshe bokuthwebula i-CO2
Ngokungeziwe ekugcinweni okuqondile okungaphansi komhlaba, kuthuthukiswa ubuchwepheshe obusha obusha ukuze busebenzise i-CO2 ebanjiwe ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene:
- ukukhiqizwa kukaphethiloli: Ukukhiqizwa kwezibaseli zokwenziwa ezivela ku-CO2 kuyaphenywa. Lokhu kungase kuthathe indawo yezibaseli ezimbiwa phansi emikhakheni efana nezokundiza.
- Izinto zokwakha: I-CO2 ingasetshenziswa kabusha ekwenzeni izinto ezifana nosimende, lapho ingxenye yegesi ingavaleleka unomphela.
- Ezolimo nokudla: Ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ukudla nakho kuyabhekwa, ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni ezibamba ukushisa.
Ayanda amaphrojekthi emhlabeni jikelele athuthukisa ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwalobu buchwepheshe. Isibonelo esifanelekile yiphrojekthi I-Carbfix e-Iceland, esebenzisa ukusheshiswa kwe-mineralization ye-CO2, ukuyiguqula ibe yidwala eliqinile, eliqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwayo unomphela.
Enye intuthuko ethembisayo ukusetshenziswa kwe i-biogas kanye ne-biomethane, okuvumela ukuthunjwa kwe-methane (CH4), enye igesi ebamba ukushisa enamandla. Ngalezi zinqubo, i-methane iguqulwa ibe amandla avuselelekayo, ngaphezu kokubamba i-CO2 ehlobene.
Ukuqaliswa okukhulu kwalezi zindlela zobuchwepheshe kungase kunikeze izixazululo ezengeziwe, hhayi nje ukunciphisa ukungcola, kodwa ukunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ngokuthathwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kahle kwamagesi abamba ukushisa.
Ukwehlukahlukana okukhulu kobuchwepheshe obusafufusa kubonisa ukuthi ukuthwebula kwe-CO2 akusona isixazululo esisodwa, kodwa kuyingxenye yesethi yezenzo ezingasisiza ngokuhlangene ukulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Nakanjani, Ukuthwebula kwe-CO2 Kuwucezu olubalulekile ukugcwalisa amandla avuselelekayo emzamweni wokumisa ukufudumala komhlaba.
Inkinga enkulu, ngenkathi ingxenye yomhlaba yazi ngokuguquka kwesimo sezulu, i-United States, noDonald Trump phambili, isuka ezivumelwaneni zamazwe omhlaba mayelana nokulawulwa kokukhishwa, amazwe athuthukile futhi asathuthuka awanabo ubuchwepheshe obudingekayo bokulawula ukukhishwa okuphumelelayo , amazwe athuthukile athenga izilinganiso zokuphuma kwamazwe ampofu, ngoba ngaphezu kwakho konke anqunyelwe ukuthi aphile, ngakho-ke yini okufanele ayenze? sizoya kuphi kulo mjaho osangene?