El ukuzisebenzisa elangeni eziQhingini zaseBalearic Lo mkhakha usufinyelele ezingeni lokuvuthwa elingasalinganiswa ngamaphaneli asanda kufakwa kuphela, kodwa futhi nokugcinwa kwawo. Kuwo wonke lo nyaka, ukufakwa kwe-photovoltaic okungaphezu kuka-17.000 okusakazeke kulo lonke leli qoqo leziqhingi kuzodingeka kuhlolwe ngokuphoqelekile ukuze kuhambisane nemithetho yamanje futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kuyaqhubeka nokusebenza ngokuphephile.
Lesi sikhumbuzo sifika ngesikhathi lapho iziQhingi ziqinisa isikhundla sazo njengenye yezindawo ezine- ukuthunyelwa okukhulu kwemikhiqizo evuselelekayo eSpain, kodwa futhi izidingo zomthetho eziqinileIzinkampani zokuphatha, izinkampani zokufaka kanye nabashuwalensi sebeqalile ukuqinisa amabhande abo maqondana nokulawula kwezobuchwepheshe, bekwenza kucace ukuthi akusanele ukuba namaphaneli elanga: kumele ahlolwe njalo futhi kumele kufakazelwe ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle.
Ukufakwa kwe-photovoltaic okungu-17.479 kuyahlolwa kulo nyaka
Ngokusho kwedatha ephethwe yi-Association of Installation Companies of the Balearic Islands (ASINEM), kukhona Kuqediwe ukufakwa kwe-photovoltaic okungu-17.479 kufika ku-2023 ezihlolwa njalo. Zonke kumele zibuyekezwe zingakapheli isikhathi esibekiwe ukuze zihambisane nomthetho wesifundazwe nowesifunda.
Lesi sixwayiso sithole ukubaluleka okukhulu ngemuva kokuba i-Directorate General kaHulumeni waseBalearic ye-Circular Economy, Energy Transition kanye ne-Climate Change ikhiphe isitatimende esikhumbuza wonke umuntu ngalokhu. isibopho sokuhlolwa njaloInhloso ikabili: ukuqinisa ukuphepha kwezikhungo nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ipaki le-photovoltaic leziqhingi ligcina ukusebenza kahle kwalo isikhathi eside.
Isexwayiso se-ASINEM asikona nje ukuqagela okusekelwe kuhulumeni. Inhlangano yabaqashi ikhuluma ngokusobala nge- isigaba "sokunakekelwa okubucayi"lapho inani lokufakwa kwezinsiza lidinga ukukhuphuka kwekhwalithi ekulawuleni kobuchwepheshe. Empeleni, lokhu kusho ukuthi izinkulungwane zokuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe okuzokwenziwa ngonyaka owodwa, okunomthelela olandela lowo msebenzi emkhakheni wezinsizakalo zokufaka nezobunjiniyela.
Kubanikazi bezindlu, umyalezo ucacile: lokhu akusikho isincomo, kodwa imfuneko esemthethweni, uma ingahlangatshezwanga, engaholela ezinkingeni kokubili neziphathimandla kanye nezinkampani zomshuwalense uma kwenzeka ingozi.
Okudingwa yimithethonqubo: ukuhlolwa njalo eminyakeni emithathu kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo womnikazi
Uhlaka lokulawula olulawula lezi zinhlobo zokufakwa luchazwa yimithethonqubo yobuchwepheshe ene-voltage ephansi kanye ne-Royal Decree 1699/2011, esungula izimo zokuxhuma ze- izindawo ezincane zokuphehla ugesiPhakathi kwezinye izici, ibeka isibopho sokwenza ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile kwezikhungo, okuvamise ukuba yiminyaka emithathu.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi, okungenani njalo eminyakeni emithathu, ukufakwa kumele kuhlolwe uchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe, ozohlola isimo semishini, ukusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zokuvikela, kanye nokuhambisana neMithethonqubo ye-Low Voltage Electrotechnical. Umphumela walokhu kuhlolwa uqoshwa ku-a umbiko wokubuyekezwa kobuchwepheshe, ethola indima ebalulekile ngezinjongo zomthetho nezokuphepha.
Imithethonqubo icacile kakhulu ngokuthi ubani okufanele athathe isinyathelo: umthwalo wemfanelo usemahlombe ka- umnikazi wokufakwa kwe-photovoltaicKungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyikhaya lomndeni owodwa, inhlangano yabanikazi bezindlu, noma ibhizinisi, umnikazi unesibopho sokuhlela ukuhlolwa, ukugcina amadokhumenti, futhi, uma kufanele, ukuhambisa ikhophi yombiko wokuhlola egunyeni elifanele.
Lo mbhalo awuyona nje ingxenye yephepha lefayela. Kumele utholakale uma uceliwe yigunya elifanele ngezinjongo zokuphatha noma zokuhlola, futhi kungabaluleka kakhulu uma kwenzeka isigameko sikagesi, umlilo, noma enye inkinga ehlobene nokufakwa kwefayela. Ukwehluleka ukuba ne- umbiko obuyekeziwe futhi osayiniwe Ukukwenza uchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe kungenza isimo somnikazi sibe nzima kakhulu.
I-ASINEM igcizelela ukuthi lesi sibopho siyingxenye yomjikelezo wokuphila ojwayelekile wanoma yiluphi uhlelo lokukhiqizwa kukagesi, nokuthi esimweni sokwanda kokufakwa kwamaphaneli elanga ophahleni nasemaphahleni, ukuhambisana nokuhlolwa njalo kubalulekile ekuhlanganiseni imodeli yamandla avuselelekayo naphephile eziqhingini.
Ubani ongahlola ukufakwa: imikhawulo yamandla kanye namaphrofayili ochwepheshe
Elinye lamaphuzu adala ukungabaza okukhulu phakathi kwabasebenzisi ukuthi ubani ongasayina ngokusemthethweni lezi zibuyekezo. Impendulo incike, ngezinga elikhulu, ku- umthamo ofakiwe wesistimu ye-photovoltaicLe nqubo yenza umehluko phakathi kokuthi umfaki ofanelekayo wanele nokuthi unjiniyela ubalulekile.
Uma kufakwa ama-kilowatts afinyelela ku-10 (kW), okuyizinhlelo eziningi zokuzisebenzisa ekhaya emakhaya omndeni owodwa noma emabhizinisini amancane, imithetho ivumela ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwenziwe yi- isifaki se-voltage ephansi esigunyaziweLe phrofayili yobungcweti igunyaziwe ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nemithethonqubo, ukubuyekeza izivikelo, nokukhipha amadokhumenti afanele.
Kodwa-ke, uma amandla afakiwe edlula i-10 kW, i-bar iyaphakanyiswa. Kulezi zimo, ukuhlolwa kumele kusayinwe uchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe. unjiniyela onekhonoLochwepheshe uvame ukusebenza ezindaweni zezimboni, ezindaweni zokugcina impahla, ezindaweni ezinkulu zezentengiselwano, ezakhiweni ezinkulu zokuhlala, noma ezinhlelweni ezinkulu ze-photovoltaic. Bathatha umthwalo wemfanelo wobuchwepheshe wokuhlola nokukhipha umbiko.
Inhlangano yezimboni igcizelela ukuthi “ukubheka nje” noma ukwenza ukuhlolwa okungakahleleki akwanele. Ochwepheshe abagunyaziwe kuphela, ngaphakathi kwezigaba ezimiswe yimithethonqubo, abangalungisa futhi basayine imibiko evumelekile ngezinjongo zokuphatha nezomshuwalense. Ngaphandle kwalokho, umnikazi usengozini yokufakwa okubonakala sengathi kuhlolwe, kodwa ngaphandle kokusekelwa okusemthethweni okusebenzayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uchwepheshe onekhono kumele ahlole ukuthi zonke izingxenye - kusukela ensimini ye-photovoltaic kuya kuma-inverter, ukuvikelwa, izintambo kanye nezinhlelo zokusekela - zisesimweni esihle, ngaphandle komonakalo obonakalayo noma ukuwohloka okungase kuphazamise ukusebenza noma ukuphepha kokufakwa.
Ukuphepha, ukusebenza kanye nokuvuthwa kokuzisebenzisa eziqhingini
Ngale kokuthobela imithetho ngokusemthethweni, izinhlangano zezimboni zigcizelela ukubaluleka kokuqonda lezi zibuyekezo njenge- ithuluzi lokuphepha nokuvimbelaUmongameli we-ASINEM, uFranco Mójer, ugcizelele izikhathi eziningana ukuthi lokhu kuhlolwa kuyisihluthulelo sokuvimbela izehlakalo nokwandisa impilo ewusizo yezinhlelo zokuzisebenzisa.
EziQhingini zaseBalearic, lapho ukuzisebenzisa khona amandla elanga kusakazeke ngokushesha eminyakeni yamuva nje, imakethe manje isifinyelela esigabeni sokuvuthwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunezindawo eziningi ezisetshenziswayo ezineminyaka eminingana yesevisi ngemuva kwazo, ezivezwe ezimweni zemvelo ezidinga kakhulu—imisebe yelanga enamandla, umswakama, usawoti, kanye nemimoya enamandla—okungasheshisa ukuguguleka kwezakhiwo, ama-anchor, izintambo, kanye nokuxhumeka.
Ukuhlolwa njalo kuvumela ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kwezinkinga ezingaba khona. ukulahlekelwa kokusebenza, ukwehluleka kokufakwa kokushisa, ukugqwala noma ukukhululeka kwezixhumingaphambi kokuba kuholele ekuwohlokeni okukhulu noma ezingozini kubantu nasempahleni. Ukugcinwa okufanele nokubhalwe kahle akugcini nje ngokwandisa ukuphepha kodwa futhi kusiza ekwandiseni imbuyiselo yokutshalwa kwezimali kumaphaneli elanga.
Inhlangano yabaqashi ngokwayo iyavuma ukuthi lolu shintsho lwesigaba ludinga abanikazi ukuba bathathe indima esebenzayo kakhulu. "Isigaba sokufakwa kwengqalasizinda ngobuningi" sinikeza indawo yesigaba lapho kugxilwa khona ekulawuleni, ekuhloleni nasekugcinweni kwengqalasizinda ekhona. Empeleni, lokhu kusho ukuthi kokubili imindeni kanye namabhizinisi anezinhlelo zokusebenzisa amandla kumele ukuhlela kanye nesabelomali Lokhu kubuyekezwa okwenziwa njalo kuyingxenye evamile yezindleko zokusebenza.
Ngokombono womkhakha wobungcweti, leli gagasi lokuhlolwa okuphoqelekile liphinde limele ithuba lokuhlanganisa imisebenzi efanelekile ezinkampanini zokufaka, izinkampani zobunjiniyela kanye nezinsizakalo zobuchwepheshe ezigxile kumandla elanga kanye ne-voltage ephansi.
Indima ekhulayo yabanikezeli bomshuwalense kanye nokulawula izimangalo
Esinye isiqephu esiqala ukungena kule nkinga yokulawula yilesi sika umkhakha womshuwalenseI-ASINEM imemezele ukuthi inkampani yokuhweba exhunywe kumshwalense wayo weqembu izofaka izilawuli ezithile ezimangalweni ezihlobene nokufakwa kwe-photovoltaic, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlolwa okuphoqelekile kwenziwe.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi, uma kwenzeka umlilo, umonakalo kagesi, noma isigameko esibangelwe ukufakwa kwe-solar, izinkampani zomshuwalense zingahlola ukuthi umnikazi ube nokuhlolwa kwakamuva yini kanye nombiko okhishwe uchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe. Ngakho-ke ukuthobela imithetho kungaba yinto enqumayo ekunqumeni ukufaneleka. ukuthi kufanele kugcinwe ukumbozwa noma cha ezimweni ezithile.
Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa okwenziwa njalo akusekho isidingo sokuphatha nje kuphela futhi kuba yisimo esisebenzayo sokuvikelwa kwezomnotho. Ukuba nokufakwa okugcinwe kahle nokubhalwe phansi akugcini nje ngokunciphisa amathuba ezinkinga kodwa futhi kwenza kube lula ukucutshungulwa nokuxazululwa kwezimangalo ezingaba khona nomshuwalense.
Inhlangano yabaqashi baseBalearic ikholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuxhumana phakathi kwezikhungo zikahulumeni, izinkampani zokufaka, kanye nomkhakha womshuwalense kuqinisa umyalezo wokuthi ukuzisebenzisa kabusha kufanele kusekelwe yi amazinga obuchwepheshe aqinile futhi aqinisekisiwehhayi ezixazululweni ezizenzakalelayo noma lezo ezingenazo izilandelelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Isicelo sokwazisa umphakathi kanye nezinselelo zesikhathi esizayo
I-ASINEM isebenzise lesi simo ukuze iqalise isikhalo esicacile kubanikazi bezindawo zokufaka amandla elanga eziqhingini. Inhlangano ibakhumbuza ukuthi ukuphepha akuyona nje indaba yemithetho, kodwa futhi... ukuqwashisa umphakathi kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo owabiwe. Ukuthatha indima esebenzayo kusho ukungalindi kuze kube umzuzu wokugcina ukuze ucele ukubuyekezwa, ukugcina amadokhumenti ephephile, nokusebenzisa ochwepheshe abagunyaziwe njalo.
Esiqhingini lapho izimo zezulu zingaba nzima kakhulu khona engqalasizinda - ngezigameko zomoya onamandla, imvula enamandla noma izindawo ezinosawoti - ukugcina ukufakwa kwe-photovoltaic kusesimweni esihle kubalulekile ukuze kugwenywe ukuhlukana, ukulimala kwezinto noma ukuphazamiseka kwesikhathi eside kwenkonzo.
Ukukhula kokuzisebenzisa eziQhingini zaseBalearic, ngokuhambisana nezinqubomgomo zamandla zaseSpain kanye ne-European Union, manje kubhekene nenselele yokuhlanganisa isisekelo esifakiwe esikhona kuphephile, kusebenza kahle futhi kuqinileUkuhlolwa okuvamile okuphoqelekile kuyingxenye yaleyo ndlela eya kumodeli yamandla esekelwe ezintweni ezivuselelekayo, ngaphezu kokuba ezihlala isikhathi eside, ethembekile nsuku zonke.
Njengoba kulindeleke ukuthi kufakwe izinkulungwane zokuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe kulo nyaka, lezi ziqhingi zibhekene nohlobo olukhulu "lokuhlolwa kwe-photovoltaic MOT." Ukuthuthukiswa kokusetshenziswa kwamandla ngeke kusalinganiswa kuphela ngenani lamaphaneli amasha afakwe ophahleni, kodwa ngekhono labanikazi bezindlu, izinkampani, kanye nezinhlangano zikahulumeni lokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo ezikhona zigcinwa zisesimweni esihle, zihambisana nomthetho futhi zivikela kokubili ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye nokuphepha komphakathi.
