Maduze, Gcwalisa imoto ngamabhodlela amanzi, iziphuzo ezibandayo, noma amathini kabhiya. Ngeke kufane ncamashi nakuqala. ESpain, uhlelo luyaphothulwa lapho uzokhokha khona idiphozithi encane yesitsha ngasinye bese uyibuyisela kuphela uma uyibuyisela esitolo esikhulu noma ezindaweni zokuqoqa ezigunyaziwe.
Le modeli, eyaziwa ngokuthi Uhlelo Lokufaka Imali, Ukubuyisela Imali Nokubuyisela Imali (i-DRRS)Lolu hlelo selusebenze iminyaka eminingi emazweni amaningana aseYurophu futhi seluqalile ukusetshenziswa nasePortugal, lapho ngisho nezinkampani zaseSpain ezifana neMercadona zinemishini ebuyisela imali ngqo kumakhadi asebhange. ISpain, engakahlangabezani nemigomo yokuvuselela kabusha ebekwe yi-European Union, inesibopho ngokomthetho sokulandela le ndlela ezinyangeni ezizayo.
Kungani kuzodingeka ukhokhe idiphozithi yamabhodlela namathini
Imvelaphi yalolu shintsho ilele ku Umthetho 7/2022 mayelana nodoti kanye nenhlabathi engcolisiwe ukuze kube nomnotho ojikelezayo kanye naku-Royal Decree 1055/2022 mayelana nokupakishwa. Yomibili le mithetho idlulisela isiqondiso saseYurophu mayelana nepulasitiki esetshenziswa kanye ohlakeni lwaseSpain futhi ibeka imigomo eqondile kakhulu yeqoqo elihlukile lamabhodlela eziphuzo epulasitiki afinyelela kumalitha amathathu.
Umthetho wawuthi ku Ngo-2023, iSpain kwakufanele ithole okungenani ama-70% ala mabhodlela.Kodwa-ke, umbiko osemthethweni ovela kuMnyango Wezokuguquka Kwemvelo kanye Nenselele Yokubalwa Kwabantu (i-MITECO) ubeka izinga lokuqoqwa ku-41,3% kuphela. Ngezinombolo eziphelele, amathani angu-214.039 amabhodlela eziphuzo zepulasitiki asetshenziswa kanye afakwa emakethe, futhi angaphansi kancane kwamathani angu-90.000 kuphela aqoqwa ngokwehlukana ngezinhlelo zikamasipala kanye nezinhlelo zokuqoqa ezengeziwe.
Njengoba isidingo esincane singahlangatshezwanga, isinyathelo esilandelayo esisemthethweni sivuselelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo: ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokufaka imali, ukubuyiselwa kwemali kanye nokubuyisela imali kulo lonke izwe kungakapheli isikhathi esiphezulu seminyaka emibili kusukela ekuqinisekisweni kokungalandeli imithetho. Lesi sikhathi sibeka ukuqala kweSikimu Sokubuyisa Idiphozithi (i-DRS) cishe ngoNovemba 2026, kanye nesibopho esengeziwe sokufinyelela izinga lokuqoqa elingu-90% ngesisindo eminyakeni embalwa kamuva.
Ngemuva kwakho konke lokhu kukhona nengcindezi yomphakathi. Umhlahlandlela (EU) 2019/904 Isu laseYurophu mayelana nopulasitiki lifuna ukunciphisa udoti kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokusetshenziswa kabusha kwezitsha zeziphuzo. Uma iSpain yehluleka ukuthatha isinyathelo, ibeka engcupheni yokujeziswa kanye nokwanda kwezindleko zemvelo nezomnotho ngenxa yokuphathwa kabi kwemfucuza.
Indlela uhlelo lokufaka imali olusebenza ngayo ngokoqobo
Izindlela zokwenza izinto zilula kakhulu: Uma uthenga isiphuzo esipakishiwe uzokhokha imali encane eyengeziwe Kuzokhokhiswa idiphozithi yokupakisha. Le mali izovela ibhalwe kurisidi, ihlukile entengo yomkhiqizo, futhi ngeke ibe yintela, njengoba uzokwazi ukuyibuyisa yonke.
Isinqumo Sasebukhosini 1055/2022 sithi Idiphozithi ngesitsha ngasinye kumele ilingane noma ibe ngaphezu kwamasenti ayi-10Ngamanye amazwi, uhlelo olugunyaziwe luzoba nenkululeko ethile ekubekeni inani, kodwa alukwazi ukuba ngaphansi kwalokho okungenani. Kumthengi, lokhu kusho ukuthi iphakethe lamabhodlela ayisithupha lizobiza okungenani amasenti angu-60 ngaphezulu, futhi ithini elilodwa lizokwengeza lawo masenti ayishumi engeziwe ngesikhathi sokuthenga.
Imbuyiselo izokwenziwa uma Buyisela isitsha esingenalutho sisesimweni esihle endaweni yokuqoqa. Imithethonqubo ihlinzeka ngezinketho eziningana: ukuthathwa ngqo esitolo, ukubuyiselwa kwezimpahla ngemishini yokuthengisa (imishini yokubuyisa ejwayelekile), noma izikhungo zokuqoqa ezingaba khona. Izitolo ezinkulu nezitolo ezithengisa lezi ziphuzo kuzodingeka zihlanganyele ohlelweni, ngezimo ezithile ezikhethekile zezindawo ezincane, kuze kufike kumamitha-skwele angu-120 endawo yokuthengisa.
Imbuyiselo ingase ibe ngezindlela ezahlukene: ivawusha yokuthenga, isaphulelo esitolo noma imbuyiselo eqondileNgokwesibonelo, endabeni yasePortugal, imishini efakwe ezitolo ezinkulu zaseMercadona ivumela ukuthi inkokhelo ifakwe ngokushesha ekhadini lasebhange, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi izixazululo ezifanayo ezihlanganiswe namakhuphoni namakhadi okuthembeka zizohlolwa eSpain.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi ukupakishwa akukwazi ukulethwa nganoma iyiphi indlela. Uhlelo luzodinga ukuthi amabhodlela namathini anezitsha abonakala ngokulebula okuthile futhi esimweni esivumela ukuthi zifundwe futhi ziqinisekiswe. Ukuzichoboza noma ukudabula ilebula, into evame kakhulu kulezi zinsuku lapho ziphonswa ebhodweni eliphuzi, kungavimbela umshini ukuthi ungaziboni, ngakho-ke, ekubuyiseleni imali yediphozithi.
Yiziphi izitsha ezifakiwe ohlelweni lokubuyisela idiphozithi futhi yiziphi ezingafakwanga?
Ububanzi bohlelo olusha bulinganiselwe kakhulu. Ngokwemithetho yaseSpain, Uhlelo lokubuyisela idiphozithi luzosebenza ezitsheni zeziphuzo ezifika kumalitha amathathu., ikakhulukazi ngefomethi yepulasitiki (i-PET), amathini ensimbi kanye nezitsha zeziphuzo zekhadibhodi (amabhokisi adumile), kucatshangelwa ukupakisha ukukhanyaNakuba kukhona ama-nuances kanye nempikiswano lapha.
Uhlu lweziphuzo ezithintekile luhlanganisa, phakathi kokunye, Amanzi amaminerali kanye namanzi asentwasahlobo, iziphuzo ezibandayo, amajusi kanye nama-nectar, iziphuzo zamandla kanye ne-isotonic kanye neziphuzo ezidakayo kufika kumalitha amathathu. Umgomo uwukuba ingxenye enkulu yeziphuzo eziphuzwa nsuku zonke ingene emjikelezweni lapho ukupakishwa kunenani elicacile kwezomnotho kumthengi.
ESpain, iSimemezelo saseRoyal sihlela nokufaka izitsha zeziphuzo zekhadibhodi Lesi sifunda sihlanganisa amabhodlela epulasitiki namathini. Kodwa-ke, abanye abathintekayo kulo mkhakha, okuhlanganisa nalabo abavela enhlanganweni ye-SDDR yaseSpain, bayakungabaza lokhu kufakwa futhi bakhomba ukuthi kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, uhlelo lukhawulelwe ku-PET kanye nensimbi, okwamanje alufaki amabhokisi eziphuzo.
Isibonelo, ePortugal, uhlelo lweVolta lwaklanywa esigabeni salo sokuqala kuphela ngenxa izitsha zensimbi ezisetshenziswa kanye kanye namabhodlela epulasitiki kufika kumalitha amathathu, ahlonzwe ngelogo yakhe. Lapho, umthengi ukhokha idiphozithi yamasenti ayi-10 lapho ethenga futhi uyayithola kuphela uma ebuyisela isitsha sisesimweni esihle kwenye yamaphuzu aqokiwe.
IPortugal iyahola: imishini ezitolo ezinkulu kanye nokuxhumanisa imingcele
Nakuba iSpain isaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa imodeli yayo, uhlelo seluvele lusebenza ePortugal. Luzosebenza kusukela ngo-Ephreli 2026. I-SDDR yasePortugal isebenza ngaphansi kophawu lweVolta, ephethwe yinhlangano eyodwa, i-SDR Portugal, futhi ifaka phakathi izitsha zeziphuzo zepulasitiki nezensimbi ezingafika kumalitha amathathu, kanye nediphozithi yamasenti ayi-10 ngeyunithi ngayinye.
Ukuqaliswa kwenqubo ezweni elingumakhelwane kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba kuhilela imakethe yasemngceleni ehlanganyela imikhiqizo eminingi kanye nokupakishwa neSpainngezintambo ezivamile zokulebula nokusabalalisa ezisebenza kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zomngcele. Ezitolo ezinkulu zaseMercadona emadolobheni afana neCaldas da Rainha noma iLisbon, imishini yeVolta ivumela amakhasimende ukuthi afake amathini namabhodlela angenalutho futhi abuyiselwe imali ngqo ekhadini lawo lasebhange, ngaphezu kwezinye izinketho ezifana nama-voucher esaphulelo.
Abamele inhlangano ye-SDDR yaseSpain sebevele babambe imihlangano nenhlangano yasePortugal ukuze bahlaziye indlela yokuxhumanisa izinhlelo ezindaweni ezisemngceleni Futhi yiziphi izinto ezingakopishwa kumodeli yesiPutukezi, ikakhulukazi mayelana nokuhlangenwe nakho kwabathengi? Umqondo wabo uwukuthi, ngangokunokwenzeka, uhlelo lwesiSpanishi kufanele lufane nolwasePutukezi kuleso sici "esibheke umphakathi", ukuze kube lula kubasebenzisi ukuqonda nokwamukela ushintsho.
Indaba yasePortugal nayo iyakufakazela lokhu. izinsuku zokugcina kanye nobunzima bokusetshenziswaUmthetho wokuqala wasePortugal owawugunyaza ukwethulwa kohlelo lokubuyisela imali (i-DRS) uqala ngo-2018 futhi wawuhlose ukuthi lube selulungile ngo-2022; umthetho wokugcina wafika ngo-2024, futhi uhlelo aluzange luqaliswe kwaze kwaba ngu-2026. Umkhakha waseSpain ucaphuna lesi sikhathi ukuze uphikise ngokuthi kunzima ukusungula ezinyangeni ezimbalwa nje ukuthi yiluphi uhlelo lokubuyisela imali olukhulu noluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu eYurophu.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ulwazi lwasePortugal luqinisekisa umphumela ongaba khona ekuhlanzekeni kwasemadolobheni. Izibikezelo zibonisa ukuthi, ngediphozithi yamasenti ayi-10, Kuyohlala kukhona umuntu ozimisele ukuqoqa amabhodlela namathini alahliwe.ngoba zimelela umthombo omncane wemali engenayo. Lokhu, kuhlanganiswe nemikhankaso yolwazi olunzulu, kungathuthukisa kakhulu isimo semigqomo kadoti, imigwaqo, kanye nezindawo zemvelo eSpain.
Ubani ozophatha uhlelo eSpain futhi iyiphi indima ezodlalwa ukuhweba?
Enye yezinkinga ezingakaxazululwa eSpain yile ngubani ozoba nesibopho sokuxhumanisa i-SDDR ezingeni lesifundazweUmthetho ubhekisela ezinhlelweni zomthwalo wemfanelo wabakhiqizi obanzi, kodwa uvumela izinhlangano ezithile ukuphatha imisebenzi yansuku zonke yokuqoqa nokubuyisela idiphozithi, izinto zokuqoqa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha kokugcina.
Izinhlangano eziningana sezifake izicelo kuze kube manje, okuhlanganisa I-Ecoembes, inhlangano ye-SDDR yaseSpain, i-Corepet kanye ne-ProcircularUmphakathi waseMadrid, lapho lezi zinhlangano zinezinhloko-dolobha, kumele ugunyaze labo abazokwazi ukusebenzisa uhlelo ekugcineni. Le nqubo ibilokhu iqhubeka cishe unyaka wonke, futhi lo mkhakha ulinde impendulo esheshayo ukuze ukwazi ukuqhubekela phambili nezici zobuchwepheshe.
Ngokungafani nePortugal, lapho kukhona inhlangano eyodwa ephetheESpain, kucatshangelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi opharetha abaningana abancintisanayo bahlale ndawonye, ​​njalo ngaphansi kokuhlanganiswa komzimba ongaba ngowangasese, okahulumeni, noma inhlanganisela yakho kokubili. Izinhlangano ezihilelekile zithi ukuncintisana kungaba kuhle, kodwa kuphela uma kulawulwa ngokucacile ukuze kugwenywe ukugqagqana kanye nezihibe.
Amabhizinisi, ngokwawo, azophoqeleka ukuthi hlanganisa ukubuyiselwa kokupakisha emisebenzini yakho yansuku zonkeIzitolo ezinkulu kuzodingeka zimise izindawo ezithile zemishini yokubuyisela impahla noma ukulethwa kwama-container ngesandla, ziphathe ukuhamba kwamabhokisi angenalutho, futhi zihlele ukuthuthwa okuya izitshalo zokwelapha futhi bavumelanise izinhlelo zabo zokuqoqa imali ukuze zifake idiphozithi kanye nokubuyiselwa kwayo.
Ezitolo ezincane, inselele ihlukile: isikhala esitholakalayo kanye nomthwalo wokuphatha Zinesisindo esikhulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, imithethonqubo ibeka ukuthi izimo ezithile zingasetshenziswa emabhizinisini anendawo yokuthengisa engaphansi kuka-120 m², ukuze ukubamba kwawo iqhaza ohlelweni kusebenze ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwawo kwansuku zonke.
Umthelela esikhwameni semali somthengi kanye nezinguquko emikhubeni
Ngokombono womthengi, ushintsho olubonakala kakhulu ukuthi Iziphuzo ezipakishiwe zizobonakala zibiza kakhuluIbhodlela ngalinye lamanzi, i-soda, ijusi, noma ubhiya lizokhokhisa okungenani amasenti ayi-10, futhi uma uthenga izinto ezinkulu, inani lizokhuphuka ngokushesha. Inqola egcwele amaphakethe amathini namabhodlela ingangeza kalula ama-euro amaningana kwidiphozithi.
Nokho, leyo mali, Awulahlekelwa yilutho uma ubuyisela izitshaUmqondo uwukuthi idiphozithi isebenza njengesikhumbuzo ephaketheni lakho: uma ungabuyisi amabhodlela namathini esitolo esikhulu noma emshinini oqokiwe, ulahlekelwa yimali. Kwamanye amazwe lapho uhlelo luzinzile khona, njengeJalimane, lesi sikhuthazo sezezimali sifinyelele amazinga okubuyisa imali adlula u-90%, futhi sisondela ngisho naku-98% lapho idiphozithi iphakeme.
Emindenini eminingi, lokhu kuzosho ukuthi hlela indawo encane ekhaya ukuze uqoqe izitsha ezingenalutho kuze kube uhambo olulandelayo oluya esitolo esikhulu. Kuzosho nokushintsha kwendlela ojwayele ukuyenza: esikhundleni sokuphonsa ibhodlela ebhodleleni eliphuzi lokusebenzisa kabusha uma lingenalutho, kuzodingeka uligcine liphelele, ikhodi yalo isafundeka, bese ulibuyisela kamuva. Akuyona isenzo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kodwa siyahlukana nemikhuba ejulile.
Izinhlangano zabathengi kanye nezinhlangano eziphethe ngokwazo zikhomba ukuthi Kuzodingeka umkhankaso wolwazi olujulile kanye nemfundo. Ukuchaza ukuthi uhlelo lusebenza kanjani, ukuthi yiziphi izitsha ezidinga idiphozithi, lapho kungabuyiswa khona imali, nokuthi yini ehlala ifana (njengokusebenzisa ibhini eliphuzi kwezinye izitsha). Ukulebula okucacile kuzobaluleka ukuze kugwenywe ukudideka, ukukhwabanisa, noma ukukhungatheka phakathi kwabasebenzisi.
Lolu hlelo kulindeleke ukuthi lube nomthelela emphakathini: Abantu abaqoqa amathini namabhodlela emgwaqweni namuhla Bangase babone ukufaka ama-container njengomthombo wemali ozinzile. Lesi yisenzakalo esivele sibonwe emazweni anezinhlelo zokubuyisa ama-deposit ezisunguliwe, lapho amanye ama-container alahliwe egcina ebuyiswa ngabantu abafuna ngqo leyo mbuyiselo yezezimali.
Ingabe ibhini eliphuzi lizonyamalala kanye nohlelo olusha?
Enye yezinto ezihlala zisaba ukuthi uhlelo lokubuyisela imali luzothatha indawo ngokuphelele yemodeli yokuvuselela kabusha yamanje esekelwe ezitsheni ezinemibala. UMnyango kanye nezinhlangano ezithintekayo bagcizelela ukuthi isitsha esiphuzi izoqhubeka nokuba khona futhi izoqhubeka nokusebenza kwayo ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezitsha ezingangeni ediphozithini, njengezitsha zokufaka, izimbozo noma ezinye izitsha ezingafakwanga ohlwini lweziphuzo.
Yiziphi izinguquko lezo ingxenye yephakheji manje esefakwa ebhokisini eliphuzi Amabhodlela epulasitiki namathini eziphuzo—futhi mhlawumbe amanye amabhokisi—kuzoqala kudlule ohlelweni lokufaka nokubuyisela. Umqondo uwukuthi lezi zitsha zizoqoqwa kahle kakhulu, zibe nezinto ezimbalwa ezingcolisayo (imfucuza engafanele), futhi zizofika zihlanzekile ezitshalweni zokuvuselela kabusha.
Ngale ndlela, i-SDDR kanye nesitsha esiphuzi kuzoba amathuluzi amabili ahambisanayo ngaphakathi kohlelo olufanayo lokuphathwa kwemfucuza. Idiphozithi ihlose ukubhekana nephesenti lokupakisha elisalahleka kumfucuza oxubile, kuma-incinerator, noma ngqo endaweni ezungezile, kuyilapho ibhini eliphuzi lizohlala liyindlela eyinhloko yeminye imikhiqizo eminingi epakishiwe.
Iziphathimandla zigcizelela ukuthi lokhu kuhlala ndawonye kumele kuchazwe ngokucacile. gwema umuzwa wokuthi konke kushintsha ngokuzumayoKuze kube yilapho uhlelo olusha seluqaliswe ngokugcwele, isincomo siwukuba kuqhutshekwe nokusebenzisa izitsha zamanje njengenjwayelo futhi kuqashelwe ukubukeka kwezitsha ezinophawu lwediphozithi kanye nemiyalelo ezodluliselwa yizikhungo.
Iziqhingi zaseCanary kanye nezinye izindawo ezinezinselele ezikhethekile zezokuthutha
Ukufakwa kwe-SDDR ngeke kube lula ngokulinganayo yonke indawo. Izindawo zaseziqhingini ezifana neziqhingi zaseCanary Babhekene nezinselele ezengeziwe ngenxa yesimo sabo sendawo: izindleko zokuthutha imfucuza iye ePeninsula, ukusabalala kweziqhingi kanye nokutholakala okuncane kwendawo ezitolo eziningi.
Esiqhingini, ezokuvakasha ziyanda kakhulu. ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi asemabhodleleni kanye neziphuzo ezibandayo ezisemathininiLokhu kuholela esizukulwaneni sokupakisha esidlula kakhulu esabahlali. Ukuphatha kahle le mfucuza kuyisihluthulelo sokuvikela imvelo, empeleni, okungenye yezimpahla eziyinhloko zezomnotho zeziqhingi.
Ukuqalisa i-SDDR eziQhingini zaseCanary kuzodinga vumelanisa izinto zokusebenza nesimo sendawo: klama imizila yokuqoqa phakathi kweziqhingi, vumela izixazululo ezithile zamabhizinisi amancane ezindaweni ezigcwele izivakashi futhi uhlole intuthuko yengqalasizinda yokwelapha ngaphakathi kweziqhingi ngokwazo ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhamba.
Okuhlangenwe nakho kwezinye izindawo zaseziqhingini zaseYurophu lapho uhlelo seluvele luqalisiwe kusikisela ukuthi, naphezu kobunzima, Izinzuzo zemvelo zingabaluleka kakhulu.Njengoba amazinga okubuyiselwa kwempahla enyuka futhi ikhwalithi yezinto ezibonakalayo ithuthuka, ukuba khona kwemfucuza emabhishi, ezindaweni zemvelo nasezindaweni zasemadolobheni kuncipha, okuyinto ebucayi kakhulu ezindaweni ezivakashelwa izivakashi.
Kunoma ikuphi, kokubili eziQhingini zaseCanary kanye nakwezinye izindawo zezwe, impumelelo yalolu hlelo izoncika ekutheni ukubambisana okuhle phakathi kokuphathwa, abaqhubi kanye nokuhwebakanye nekhono lokuhlanganisa idepho ohlelweni lwansuku zonke lwezakhamuzi nezivakashi.
Ukuqaliswa kohlelo lokubuyisela imali yamabhodlela namathini ezitolo ezinkulu kuzophawula ushintsho endleleni iziphuzo ezithengwa futhi zilahlwa ngayo eSpain. Izwe selifinyelele kuleli qophelo eliqhutshwa ukwehluleka kwalo ukuhlangabezana nemigomo yaseYurophu kanye nesibonelo esiseduze sasePortugal, lapho imishini yokubuyisela imali isivele iyinto evamile endaweni yokuthengisa. Uma ukuhlanganiswa kwezikhungo kusebenza, ukungabaza ngokuphathwa kucaciswa, futhi uhlelo luhambisana nemikhankaso ecacile, uhlelo lokubuyisela imali lungaguqula isitsha ngasinye sibe umthombo omncane wezomnotho okhuthaza ukubuyiselwa kwayo. ukunciphisa imfucuza ehlakazekile futhi ulethe amazinga okusebenzisa kabusha eduze kwamazinga adingekayo eBrusselsngaphandle kokunganaki indima yesitsha esiphuzi kanye nezinye izinhlelo ezaziwayo.
