Imiphumela yezikhukhula nokuguguleka kogu ihlanganisa ukufuduka kwabantu, ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho, ukucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala, ukungena kwamanzi anosawoti okuholela ekungcolisweni kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye nemiphumela emibi kwezolimo. ISpain ayikhululekile emiphumeleni yokukhuphuka kwamazinga olwandle, okuphakathi kwemiphumela ekhathaza kakhulu yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Lokhu kwanda kungenxa yenhlanganisela yezinto ezihlanganisa ukuncibilika kweqhwa elincanyana, ukuqubuka kweziphepho, amagagasi namagagasi, konke okuvame ukwanda ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi kanjani Ukuncibilika kwezigxobo kuzokhukhula la madolobha aseSpain ngo-2100.
Lingakanani izinga lokukhuphuka kwezinga lolwandle eSpain?
Esikhathini esizayo esingekude kakhulu, isizwe sethu singase sibhekane nesimo esingakaze sibonwe: ukwanda kwababaleki besimo sezulu. Abantu abaningi bangase baphoqeleke ukuba bashiye izindawo zabo zokuhlala ngenxa yamagagasi olwandle angenakunyakaziswa.
Phakathi kuka-1948 no-2019, iSpain yaba nokukhuphuka kancane kwezinga lolwandle ngezinga elingaguquki lamamilimitha angu-1,6 ngonyaka. Nokho, Ezikhathini zamuva, leli zinga liye lenyuka laya ku-2,8 mm, cishe kabili ngokushesha. Lokhu kuvumelana nocwaningo olushicilelwe kujenali i-'Geociencias' ephinde igqamise ukusheshiswa kwezinga lokukhuphuka emashumini amabili eminyaka adlule, into engase ibe nemiphumela emibi kakhulu emashumini eminyaka ezayo.
Umthelela wokuguquka kwesimo sezulu ezingeni lolwandle
Ukuncibilika kwe-polar caps, kanye nokwanda okushisayo kwamanzi, yizici eziyinhloko ezibangela le nkinga. Njengoba isazi sesayensi yemvelo uManuel Vargas esho, ukuncibilika kweqhwa eGreenland nase-Antarctica kunomthelela cishe 1,4 amamilimitha ukwanda ngonyaka ezingeni lolwandle.
Kodwa akugcini lapho, izimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu kulindeleke ukuthi zishube kakhulu isimo, njengoba kwanda iziqephu ezifana neziphepho neziphepho ezizokwandisa ingozi yezikhukhula, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezisogwini.
Kuyithinta kanjani iSpain
ISpain, nogu lwayo olubanzi lwe 7.905 km kanye nomasipala abangama-428, bazobhekana nezinkinga ezinkulu ngenxa yokukhuphuka kwezinga lolwandle. Imiphumela ihlanganisa ukuhlehla kogu, ukulahlekelwa amabhishi kanye nomthelela okhulayo ezakhiweni nengqalasizinda etholakala ogwini. Ngokombiko we-IPCC, ukuphakama kolwandle kungase kudlule amasentimitha angu-40 ngo-2080 kwezinye izindawo zaseSpain njenge I-Cádiz, i-Barcelona ne-A Coruña.
Ngo-2100, ukuqagela okumangazayo kubeka izifunda ezimbalwa ezisogwini eziseduze nokuwa ngenxa yezikhukhula. Ngethuluzi elisebenzisanayo le-Climate Central, ungabikezela ubungozi obubhekene nezifunda ezithile namadolobha aseSpain eminyakeni ezayo.
Amadolobha aseSpain asengozini yokukhukhulwa yizikhukhula ngo-2100
Izinga lomthelela liyahlukahluka kuye ngendawo yendawo kanye nezici zendawo yendawo ngayinye. Ngezansi, sihlola amanye amadolobha aseSpain azozwa kakhulu umthelela wokukhuphuka kwezinga lolwandle ngenxa yokuncibilika kwezigxobo.
Galicia kanye neNyakatho-ntshonalanga
I-Galicia ingesinye sezifunda ezithinteke kakhulu ngenxa yogu olubanzi, nezindawo ezinjengalezi I-Coruña, i-Vigo ne-Vilagarcía de Arousa engcupheni.
- Kulezi zindawo, izinga lolwandle kulindeleke ukuthi likhuphuke phakathi kuka-40 no-75 cm ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX.
- Imithelela emikhulu ihlanganisa ukulahleka komhlaba osogwini, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zamachweba zaseGalician.
Izwe laseBasque
Izwe laseBasque nalo libhekene nezinselelo ezihlobene nokukhuphuka kwamazinga olwandle. Ngokombiko we-Azti neTecnalia, amadolobha afana IBilbao kanye neSan Sebastian bangalahlekelwa izingxenye ezibalulekile zomhlaba wabo wokuhlala ngenxa yezikhukhula.
- UBilbao wayebona ikhukhule yafinyelela ku-27% womhlaba wayo okuhlala kuwo, ikakhulukazi endaweni yaseNervión.
- Ezinye izindawo ezifana ne-Getxo nePlentzia nazo zizothinteka.
Cantabria
- I-Santander ingathola ukuphakama kolwandle okungafika ku-70 cm ngo-2100.
- Imvelo yasogwini, njengamaxhaphozi e-Santoña, i-Victoria kanye ne-Joyel Natural Park, izoba sengozini enkulu, engathinta ngokumangalisayo izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zendawo.
Asturias
- Amadolobha afana ne-Gijón kulindeleke ukuthi abhekane nokukhuphuka kolwandle okufika ku-66 cm ekupheleni kwekhulunyaka.
- Isifunda singase futhi sibe nomthelela omubi ogwini lwaso, okuthinta umnotho wendawo namabhishi aso.
I-Andalusia
Eningizimu yeSpain, imiphumela igxile kakhulu esifundazweni saseCádiz naseHuelva, namadolobhana amaningana asogwini avezwe kakhulu.
- Ipaki Likazwelonke laseDoñana, ebhekwa njengendawo ebalulekile ye-biosphere reserve, ingenye yezindawo ezisongelwa kakhulu.
- Idolobha lase-Cádiz lingase licwile ngaphansi kwamanzi uma ukuqagela okungathandeki okungafika kumitha elingu-1 kwenzeka.
I-Levant neMedithera
IMedithera ayiyona into engaziwa kulo mkhuba. Izifunda ezifana neCatalonia kanye nomphakathi waseValencia zisengozini enkulu.
- I-Barcelona izobona ukwanda okufika phezulu 43 cm ngonyaka ka-2070 futhi kufika ku-75 cm ekupheleni kwekhulunyaka, okungathinta ingqalasizinda ebalulekile njengePort of Barcelona kanye nolwandle lwaseBarceloneta.
- I-Valencia, ngaphezu kokulahlekelwa amabhishi, izobhekana nomthelela omkhulu e-Albufera nakwezinye izindawo ezivikelwe.
I-Balearic Islands kanye ne-Canary Islands
Iziqhingi nazo zibhekana nezingozi ezinkulu. Iziqhingi zaseBalearic, ikakhulukazi, zizobona umthelela ongathi sína ogwini lwazo lwezivakashi.
- Amabhishi eziqhingini zaseBalearic kulindeleke ukuthi ehle phakathi kwamamitha ayi-7 kuye kwangama-50 ngasekupheleni kwekhulunyaka.
- Eziqhingini zaseCanary, eTenerife naseLas Palmas bazobona ukunyuka okufanayo phakathi kwama-40 nama-60 cm.
Nakuba eminye yale miphumela ingase ibonakale ikude, izinqumo esizenzayo namuhla zizonquma ukuthi imiphumela izoba mibi kangakanani. Kuphoqelekile ukuthatha izinyathelo ngokushesha ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wokuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Nakuba izimo zihluka ngama-nuances azo, iqiniso liwukuthi, ngaphandle kwesenzo somhlaba wonke esididiyelwe, amadolobha ethu amaningi asogwini njengoba siwazi namuhla angashabalala, angashiyi nje igebe elibonakalayo, kodwa futhi nezomnotho namasiko.