Ukuxhashazwa ngokweqile kwemithombo yemvelo kungenye yezinselele ezinkulu zemvelo zesikhathi sethu. Phakathi kwabo, i ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwesihlabathi izuze okukhulu ukuhlobana ngenxa yemiphumela yayo emibi emvelweni nasemphakathini. Isihlabathi siwumthombo obalulekile ezimbonini eziningi futhi, ngenxa yokukhula kwesidingo saso, sidala izinkinga ezinkulu kusukela ekucekeleni phansi kwemvelo kuya ezinkingeni zezenhlalo nezomnotho.
Ukubaluleka kwesihlabathi njengesisetshenziswa
Isihlabathi esitholakala emabhishi, emifuleni nasezindaweni ezingaphansi kolwandle sidlala indima ebalulekile emvelweni. Kuyikhaya lezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane ezithembele kuyo ngokuqondile ukuze ziphile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isebenza njengesithiyo sokuzivikela ngokumelene nezenzakalo zemvelo ezifana iziphepho, ukuguguleka kogu nokukhuphuka kwezinga lolwandle. Ngokocwaningo lwakamuva, isihlabathi sibalulekile ukuze kunqandwe ukuguguleka komhlabathi, ukuvikela ingqalasizinda kanye nokugcina ukulingana kwemvelo okudingekayo ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Kuyamangaza kwabaningi ukuthi isihlabathi singesesibili esisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, sandulelwa amanzi kuphela. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ukhonkolo, itiyela nengilazi, kubalulekile ekwakheni. Iphinde isetshenziswe kumaphrojekthi afana nokuvuselelwa kolwandle kanye ne-hydraulic fracturing (i-fracking), okubhebhethekisa ukuxhashazwa kwayo. Eqinisweni, isidingo somhlaba wonke sesihlabathi siphindeke kathathu kule minyaka engu-20 edlule.
Ukuxhashazwa kwesihlabathi ngokweqile
La ukuxhashazwa ngokweqile okungalawuleki yesihlabathi sinemiphumela elimazayo ezindaweni zasemanzini nasogwini. Lapho kukhishwa inani elikhulu, ukugeleza kwenhlabathi ngokwemvelo kuyashintsha, okubangela ukuguguleka kwamabhishi nasezindaweni ezisogwini. Le nqubo ishiya izindawo ezisengozini yezimo zezulu ezifana nama-tsunami noma iziphepho ezinamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo esikhulayo sesihlabathi sishintsha izindawo zokuhlala emifuleni nasezilwandle, okuthinta izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo sezizonke.
Esinye sezici ezikhathaza kakhulu yi- ukuguqulwa kochungechunge lokudla. Ukuncipha kwenhlabathi emifuleni, ngenxa yokukhishwa kwesihlabathi, kubeka engcupheni ukuphila kwezinhlobo eziningi zasolwandle, njengezinhlanzi nezimfudu. Lokhu kunomthelela oqondile emiphakathini yendawo, encike kulezi zinhlobo ukuze iziphilise, okuthinta ukukhiqizwa kokudla futhi kwandise ubumpofu ezindaweni ezisogwini.
Ukuthutha isihlabathi ukusuka kolunye ulwandle kuya kolunye, umkhuba ovamile wokunqanda ukuguguleka, nakho kuyimbangela yokukhathazeka. Nakuba kungase kubonakale kuyisixazululo esisebenzayo, kudala izinkinga ezintsha, njengokunwetshwa kwe izinhlobo ezihlaselayo ukuncintisana nezilwane zendawo nokudala amanzi amile, okwenza kube lula ukwanda kwezifo ezinjengomalaleveva.
Imithelela yezomnotho nezenhlalo
Umthelela wokuxhashazwa ngokweqile kwesihlabathi awuwona nje imvelo. iqalile izinkinga ezinkulu zezomnotho nezenhlalo. Ngokukhula okusheshayo kwesidingo salo mthombo, imakethe emnyama elawulwa ama-mafias iye yavela. Emazweni anjenge-India, Cambodia kanye nambalwa e-Afrika, ukubamba iqhaza ama-mafias anikezelwe ekukhishweni kwesihlabathi ngokungemthetho, osekubangele ukungezwani emphakathini kanye nezingxabano ezinodlame.
Kubalulekile ukugqamisa ukuthi la mafiya ngokuvamile asebenza ezindaweni ezivikelekile, okuqhubeka nokuwohloka kwezinhlelo zemvelo. Imiphakathi yendawo, encike ezinsizeni zayo zasogwini, iyasuswa noma iphoqelelwe ukusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima, okukhumbuza uhlobo lwesimanje lobugqila. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo samazwe ngamazwe kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokumba ngokungemthetho kwandisa le nkinga, okwenza kube nzima ukumisa ukwanda kwayo.
Ezifundeni ezinokuthuthukiswa okuphezulu kwamadolobha, njengeCosta del Sol eSpain, ukuchithwa kwesihlabathi ngokweqile kube yinkinga eqhubekayo ngenxa yezidingo zonyaka zokuvuselelwa kabusha kolwandle. Lezi zinqubo azithinti nje kuphela imvelo, kodwa nezokuvakasha zendawo, okungenye yemithombo eyinhloko yezomnotho yalezi zindawo.
Izinyathelo ezimelene nokuxhashazwa ngokweqile
U-Aurora Torres, umcwaningi onguchwepheshe kule ndaba, ugcizelela ukuthi kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo eziphuthumayo ukumisa ukuxhashazwa ngokweqile kwesihlabathi. Okokuqala nje, ohulumeni kumele babambisane ezingeni lamazwe ngamazwe ukuthuthukisa imithetho elawula ukukhishwa kanye nokudayiswa kwalokhu kusetshenziswa okungakahlanzwa. Izinqubomgomo kufanele zigxile ekukhangiseni ukugaywa kabusha kwezinto zokwakha, njengemfucumfucu, engangena esikhundleni sengxenye ebalulekile yesihlabathi esisetshenziswa emkhakheni wokwakha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphrojekthi amasha afana ukuthuthukiswa kwezinye izinto zokwakha usimende, ezingancikile esihlabathini njengesithako esiyinhloko, zithola ukubaluleka. Ososayensi baphenya ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezigaywe kabusha kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha. Lolu shintsho lungaba ukhiye ekwehliseni ingcindezi emanzini ahlanzekile nasezinhlelweni zemvelo zasogwini.
Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile yi- ukuqapha nokuphatha ngendlela efanele wemithombo yesihlabathi. Njengamanje, emazweni amaningi, imithethonqubo ayanele noma ayiphoqelelwa ngokuqinile. Kubalulekile ukuthi amasistimu athuthukiswe ukuze alandele ukukhishwa kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi imithetho yamazwe ngamazwe iyahlangatshezwa. Ukwakhiwa kwezinhlaka zokuphatha eziqinile kungasiza ekwehliseni imiphumela yezemvelo nenhlalo yale nkinga.
Ekugcineni, i-UN icele ohulumeni ukuthi baqaphele isihlabathi njengensiza yamasu. Ukuqaliswa kwemithethonqubo evimbela ukumbiwa kwesihlabathi ezindaweni ezithile ezivikelekile, njengamabhishi, nokuzibophezela emnothweni oyindilinga kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile eziya ekusaseni elizinzile.
Ngamafuphi, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwesihlabathi imele usongo olukhulu kuma-ecosystem kanye nemiphakathi ethembele kuyo. Ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nendlela ebanzi ehlanganisa izinqubomgomo, ukuqapha nezinye izixazululo kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusetshenziswa okusimeme kwalesi sisetshenziswa esikhathini esizayo.