Lapho ubusika obubandayo bufika sidinga ukushisa indlu yethu ukuze sizizwe sikhululekile. Yilapho kuphakama ukungabaza mayelana nokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, ukungcola nezinye izinkinga ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwamandla avamile ukushisa. Nokho, singathembela emandleni avuselelekayo ukushisa amakhaya. Imayelana nokushisa kwe-geothermal.
Amandla we-Geothermal ayasizakala ukushisa kwangaphakathi komhlaba ukushisa amanzi nokwandisa izinga lokushisa ezakhiweni. Lokhu kushisa, okunqwabelene ezingqimbeni zomhlaba, kungasetshenziswa njengomthombo wamandla oqhubekayo wezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene zasekhaya nezimboni. Kulesi sihloko, sizochaza konke mayelana ukushisa kwe-geothermal: ukusebenza kwayo, izinhlelo zokusebenza, izinzuzo nokunye. Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani lobu buchwepheshe obuhlaba umxhwele ekhaya lakho, qhubeka ufunda! 
Uyini amandla we-geothermal?
Into yokuqala ukwenza isibuyekezo esifushane sokuthi iyini amandla e-geothermal. Lawa amandla agcinwe ngendlela yokushisa ngaphansi komhlaba. La mandla ahlanganisa ukushisa okugcinwe enhlabathini, emanzini angaphansi komhlaba nasemadwaleni, kunoma yiliphi izinga lokushisa, kungakhathaliseki ukujula noma imvelaphi.
Ngenxa yalokhu kushisa okunqwabelene enhlabathini engaphansi, singasebenzisa amandla e-geothermal ngezinjongo zasekhaya nezimboni. Kuye ngezinga lokushisa okulo, lingasetshenziswa ngezinhloso ezahlukene:
- Nikeza ikhalori zokushisisa, amanzi ashisayo asekhaya noma okomoya.
- Khiqiza ugesi ezindaweni eziphezulu ze-enthalpy (indawo yokushisa ephezulu).
Esimweni sokushisisa kwe-geothermal, sisebenzisa izinsiza ze i-enthalpy ephansi, lapho izinga lokushisa lingaphakeme ngokwanele ukukhiqiza ugesi, kodwa lilungele ukushisisa amakhaya nezakhiwo ngendlela ephumelelayo nangokuqhubekayo.
Usetshenziswa kanjani amandla we-geothermal?
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ekujuleni phakathi 15 namamitha ayi-20, izinga lokushisa lenhlabathi engaphansi lihlala lizinzile unyaka wonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuhluka kwezinga lokushisa langaphandle. Lokhu kushisa kuvame ukuba ngu-15-16ºC ngokwesilinganiso. Uma sehla ngokuqhubekayo, izinga lokushisa likhuphuka cishe 3 degrees njalo ngamamitha ayi-100, ngenxa ye-geothermal gradient.
Ukusizakala la mandla, amapayipi angaphansi komhlaba asetshenziswa lapho a uketshezi lokudlulisa ukushisa (amanzi axutshwe ne-antifreeze), ahambisa ukushisa kusuka emhlabathini ongaphansi kuya phezulu. Ngale ndlela, singakwazi ukuthwebula ukushisa kwemvelo komhlaba futhi sikusebenzise ukuze sikhiqize ukunethezeka kokushisa.
Kukhona ezintathu eziyinhloko zobuchwepheshe iqoqo lokushisa kwe-geothermal:
- Amasistimu avundlile: Amapayipi afakwe emiseleni engaphansi kwamamitha angu-2 ukushona. Zilungele iziza ezinkulu kodwa zidinga indawo eyanele.
- Amasistimu aqondile: Amapayipi afakwe emithonjeni ejulile esukela phakathi kwamamitha angu-25 no-100 ukujula. Lesi sixazululo silungele izindawo ezingenawo umhlaba ongaphezulu otholakalayo.
- Amasistimu okusetshenziswa okuqondile: Basebenzisa amanzi angaphansi emvelo, ashisayo ukushisa amakhaya noma izinqubo ezinkulu.
Ukushisa kwe-geothermal
Ukwenyusa izinga lokushisa kwekhaya ebusika, a iphampu yokushisa ye-geothermal. Le futha ikhipha ukushisa okugcinwe enhlabathini engaphansi ngoketshezi lokudlulisa ukushisa futhi ikudlulisele ohlelweni lokushisa lwasekhaya.
Ukusebenza kwephampu yokushisa kwe-geothermal kuyafana nezinye izinhlelo zephampu yokushisa, kodwa kunenzuzo eyodwa ebalulekile: Izinga lokushisa lomhlaba elizinzile. Iphampu akufanele ibhekane nezinguquko zokushisa ezidlulele ezithinta ezinye izinhlobo zamaphampu (njengamaphampu e-aerothermal), okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwawo.
Inqubo yokusebenza eyisisekelo ihlanganisa lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- ukushisa ukushisa: Uketshezi lujikeleza ngamapayipi angaphansi komhlaba futhi lumunca ukushisa phansi.
- Ukushintshanisa nokucindezela: Ukushisa okuqoqiwe kudluliselwa ku-exchanger lapho i-compressor igxilisa khona, ikhulisa izinga lokushisa layo.
- Ukusatshalaliswa: Umoya oshisayo noma amanzi asatshalaliswa endlini yonke ngokusebenzisa ama-radiator, amasistimu okushisa angaphansi noma okungenisa umoya.
- Ehlobo, isistimu ingasebenza ngokuhlehla, idonsa ukushisa kwangaphakathi futhi ikukhiphele ku-subfloor ukuze ipholise izikhala.
La iphampu yokushisa yamanzi-amanzi Ilungele amasistimu okushisa ashisayo. Amandla asetshenziswa kuphela ekusebenzeni kwama-circulator kanye ne-compressor, okunciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi.
Izicelo zokushisisa geothermal
Amandla we-Geothermal anezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene ezindlini nasezimbonini. Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwayo kusalinganiselwe ezindlini, kuya ngokuya kuvame ezakhiweni ezisimeme futhi njengengxenye yamasu okonga amandla. Ezinye zalezi zicelo yilezi:
- Ukushisa kwe-geothermal: Isebenzisa amandla angaphansi komhlaba ukushisisa izakhiwo kahle.
- amanzi ashisayo asekhaya: Thatha ithuba lokushisa ukuze ukhiqize amanzi ashisayo.
- amachibi ashisayo: Amaphampu okushisa ashisayo asetshenziselwa ukushisa amachibi angaphandle nangaphakathi.
- inhlabathi eqabulayo: Ivumela umjikelezo ukuthi uguqulwe esimweni sezulu esishisayo, ukupholisa phansi futhi kupholise ingaphakathi lezakhiwo.
Ukusetshenziswa okuhlanganisiwe kwe ukushisa kwe-geothermal ngamandla ashisayo elanga inikeza ukonga okukhulu nakakhulu kwamandla, njengoba kokubili ubuchwepheshe buhambisana ukuze kuncishiswe ukuncika emithonjeni yamandla evamile.
Izinzuzo zokushisisa geothermal
Ukusetshenziswa kokushisa kwe-geothermal kunaningana izinzuzo okubalulekile, kokubili kwezomnotho nezemvelo:
- Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla aphezulu: Amaphampu okushisa aphakathi kuka-300% no-500% asebenza kahle kakhulu kunezinhlelo zokushisisa ezivamile.
- Ukunciphisa i-CO2: Lolu hlobo lwamandla luhlanzekile futhi lunciphisa kakhulu ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide.
- Ukutholakala njalo: Ngokungafani namandla elanga noma omoya, amandla e-geothermal atholakala unyaka wonke futhi awancikile esimweni sezulu.
- Izindleko zokunakekela eziphansi: Amasistimu we-Geothermal athembekile futhi adinga ukunakekelwa okuncane phakathi nezimpilo zawo ezinde eziwusizo (kufika eminyakeni engama-50).
Ukucatshangelwa ngaphambi kokufaka isistimu ye-geothermal
Ngaphambi kokufaka isistimu yokushisa ye-geothermal, kuyadingeka ukwenza ucwaningo ukusebenza kwezomnotho. Akuzona zonke izindawo ezinikeza izinsiza ezifanayo ze-geothermal, ngakho-ke kufanele kuhlolwe ukuthi indawo ezungezile inikeza izici ezifanele zokufakwa. Ikakhulukazi uma kuyi-a ukuthwebula okuqondile, lapho izindleko zokumba imithombo zingandisa izindleko zokuqala.
Yize izindleko zokufaka ziphezulu kunezinye izinhlelo, ukutshalwa kwezimali kungancishiswa I-5 eminyakeni engu-7 sibonga ukusebenza kahle kwayo okuphezulu nokonga ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla.
Ngesistimu ye-geothermal, ungakwazi ukujabulela ikhaya elifudumele ebusika, indawo epholile ehlobo kanye namanzi ashisayo asekhaya unyaka wonke, ukwehlisa kokubili i-carbon footprint yakho kanye nezikweletu zakho zamandla.