Imakethe ye- izimoto ezihlanganisiwe nezikagesi Kubhekene nesikhathi esibalulekile eSpain naseYurophu yonke, ngokukhula okusheshayo kokubhaliswa kanye nentshisekelo ekhulayo evela kubaphathi bomphakathi kanye nabashayeli abazimele. Noma kunjalo, idatha yakamuva ikhomba iqiniso eliyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu: ukwanda kwama-plug-in hybrids (ama-PHEV) kuhambisana Ukungabaza ngokusetshenziswa kwazo kwangempela, umthelela wazo ekukhiqizweni komoya, kanye nendlela ezisetshenziswa ngayo nsuku zonke.
Nakuba izinhlangano zezimboni zigcizelela lokho Izimoto zikagesi kanye nezimoto ezixubile kakade zinengxenye enkulu ekuthengisweni kwezimoto zabagibeli.Izifundo eziningana ezizimele ziyabuza ukuthi ama-PHEV ayahlangabezana yini nokulindelwe kwemvelo uma engasetshenziswa njengoba eklanyelwe, okungukuthi, ngokushaja njalo nokukhulisa ububanzi bukagesi. Okwamanje, Ama-non-plug-in hybrids (HEVs) abonakala eyinketho ethembeke kakhulu yesikhathi eside kubasebenzisi abaningi baseYurophu.
Ukuthuthuka kwemakethe: ama-hybrid ayanda ekubhalisweni
Izibalo zokubhalisa zibonisa ukuthi izimoto zikagesi (i-hybrid kagesi kanye ne-plug-in) Manje sebezinzile ngokuphelele emakethe yaseSpain. Enyangeni yokubhekisela yakamuva, babhalise 22.974 amayunithi afakelwe ugesi (izimoto, izimoto zebhizinisi, izimoto zezimboni namabhasi), okumelela ukukhula cishe ngo-64% uma kuqhathaniswa nenyanga efanayo yonyaka odlule futhi ibeka isabelo sayo eduze kwama-20% esamba.
Uma sandisa umbono wethu ukuze sifake konke izimoto ezihlukile (ezisebenza ngogesi, ezixubile nezisebenzisa igesi)Lo mkhakha ususondele Amayunithi angu-72.842 ngenyanga ahlaziyiwe, ukwanda cishe ngo-25% futhi isabelo semakethe sisondela ezingxenyeni ezimbili kwezintathu. Ngaphakathi kwaleli qembu, Izimoto zabagibeli ezivamile ezihlanganisiwe ziphinde zabekwa njengenketho yokuthenga ehamba phambili, enamayunithi angaphezu kuka-46.000 kanye cishe no-40% wokuthengiswa kwanyanga zonke.
Esigabeni esisebenza ngogesi kuphela, ukubhaliswa kwe Izimoto zikagesi zamabhethri (ama-BEV) zikhule cishe ngo-48% ngenyangaNjengoba kuthengiswe amayunithi angaphezu kuka-10.000 kanye nesabelo semakethe esingaphezu kuka-8%, ukuthengiswa konyaka kuze kube manje sekudlule amayunithi angu-17.000, futhi imakethe iyaqhubeka nokukhula, yize izibalo zisesezilinganisweni.
Ngokwengxenye yabo, Ama-plug-in hybrids (ama-PHEV) aqophe ukubhaliswa okungu-12.800 phakathi nenkathi efanayo.ikhula cishe ngo-11% futhi imele okungaphezu kancane kuka-11% wemakethe yanyanga zonke. Ezinyangeni ezimbili zokuqala zonyaka, Umthamo wama-PHEV ungamayunithi angaba ngu-22.000ngokunyuka okungaphezu kuka-70% uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule, okubonisa ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe buyaqhubeka nokuthandwa ngabathengi.
Uma kuhlanganiswa, Izimoto zabagibeli ezihlukile (ezisebenza ngogesi, ezihlanganisiwe kanye negesi) kakade zibiza ngaphezu kuka-70% wokuthengiswakanye nama-hybrid angewona ama-plug-in ahamba phambili, acishe abe yisigamu sokubhaliswa kwalolu hlobo lwenjini.
Ama-PHEV ahlolisiswa: ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli emhlabeni wangempela kudlula kakhulu izibalo ezisemthethweni
Kanye nokwanda kokuthengisa, kuphakama umbuzo obalulekile: Ingabe ama-plug-in hybrids aphila ngokuvumelana nezithembiso zawo zokonga uphethiloli kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi? Ucwaningo olujulile lwe I-Fraunhofer InstituteNjengoba kunedatha cishe eyisigidi sama-PHEV asakazwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ibuza ngokusobala izibalo ezisemthethweni zokusetshenziswa kwalobu buchwepheshe.
Ngokusho kwalokhu kuhlaziywa, okusekelwe ku- ulwazi lwangempela oluthathwe ezimotweni ngokwazoAma-PHEV asebenzisa ngokwesilinganiso cishe amalitha angu-6,1 ngamakhilomitha ayi-100, kude nezibalo ze-WLTP homologation, eziseduze 1,6l/100kmEmpeleni, i Ukusetshenziswa kwangempela kwenezela kathathu izibalo ezisemthethweniLokhu kusho ukuthi ukukhishwa kwegesi nakho kuphakeme kakhulu kunalokho obekulindelwe.
Umbiko uphinde ugxile ekusebenzeni ngendlela ukuqeda ukushaja (CD), lapho imoto kufanele isebenze kakhulu ngebhethri layo ize iphele ngaphambi kokusebenzisa injini yokushisa. Ngisho nakuleyo simo esingcono ngokwemfundisoIdatha iveza ukusetshenziswa kwangempela okusondele kakhulu 3l/100kmLokhu kuphambene nesibalo esisemthethweni sokubhekisela. Ngamanye amazwi, injini yokushisa ikhahlela kaningi kunalokho obekulindelwe, futhi ububanzi bukagesi obusebenzayo abukhangiswanga kangako ezicacisweni zobuchwepheshe.
Esinye seziphetho eziphindaphindwayo kakhulu kulolu cwaningo ukuthi Ithiyori kanye nokwenza akufani ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke kwama-PHEVUkwakheka kwalezi zimoto kudinga ukushajwa njalo ukuze kuzuze ingxenye kagesi, kodwa abashayeli abaningi bagcina bezisebenzisa njengokungathi ziyizinhlobo ezivamile ezihlanganisiwe ezisindayo, okuholela ekwandeni kokusetshenziswa kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi.
Inkinga iba nkulu uma ukuziphatha kubonwa uhlobo lomkhiqizo. Abakhiqizi abajwayelekile babonisa ukusetshenziswa kwebhethri okunamandla kancanengokuvuselelwa njalo, ngenkathi Kumamodeli aphezulu, kutholakala ukuthi ingxenye enkulu ayixhunyiwe kahle.Kwezinye izimo ezimbi kakhulu, amandla kagesi asetshenziswa ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane acishe abe yinto encane.
Imikhuba yokushaja kanye "nokuphazamiseka" kwama-PHEV njengebhuloho lokuhamba kokukhipha ugesi okungenawo ugesi
Umsebenzi wesibili kaFraunhofer uqobo, futhi osekelwe ku- idatha yangempela eqoqwe kumakhompyutha asebhodiniUcwaningo lugxile ekutheni abanikazi bawaxhuma kangaki ama-PHEV abo. Imiphumela iphinde iphikisana nomqondo wokuqala walezi zimoto njenge isisombululo esiphakathi phakathi kwenjini yokushisa kanye nemoto kagesi ehlanzekile.
Ucwaningo luphetha ngokuthi Cishe ingxenye yesithathu yama-plug-in hybrids asemgwaqweni eJalimane awaxhumekile kahle kugridi kagesinoma abalokothi baxhume. Ngamanye amazwi, abasebenzisi abaningi bathembele cishe kuphela enjinini evuthayo, bechitha amandla ebhethri ngokuphelele.
Ngisho naphakathi kwalabo abafaka kabusha njalo, idatha ayilingani kakhulu nalokho obekulindelwe. Amanye amamodeli avela kubakhiqizi baseJapan, naphezu kokuthi yiwo asebenzisa kakhulu ingxenye kagesi, enza cishe u-44% wohambo lwawo esebenzisa amandla ebhethri.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunezimoto zomkhiqizo wekhwalithi ephezulu ezibamba iqhaza ngogesi ngaphansi kuka-1%, empeleni okulingana nemoto yenjini yomlilo enesisindo esikhulu kanye nobunzima obukhulu.
Lolu hlobo lwedatha, olusetshenziswa kumongo weSpanishi, luhambisana nomuzwa wokuthi Abashayeli abaningi bakhetha i-PHEV ngokuyinhloko ukuze bazuze ezinzuzweni ezifana nelebula le-ZERO emissions. kusukela ku-DGT, ukufinyelela ezindaweni ezikhipha ukungcola okuphansi noma izinzuzo ezithile zentela, ngaphandle kokushintsha kakhulu imikhuba yazo yokulayisha.
Phakathi kwezinto ezijezisa la mamodeli yi- umthamo webhethri olinganiselwe, ukusebenza kwenjini yokushisa ukuze kuhlinzekwe amandla okukhulisa noma ukupholisa umoya ngaphakathi, kanye ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kanye nokugcinwa okwengeziwe okuhambisana nokuba nezinhlelo ezimbili eziphelele zokuqhuba. Uma sekuhlangene, konke lokhu kuthuthukisa impikiswano mayelana nokuthi Ama-plug-in hybrids agcwalisa indima "yomzila wokuphila" wesimo sezulu. lokho kwabangelwa yibo lapho bengena emakethe ngokushesha.
Ukuthembeka: ama-hybrid angewona ama-plug-in asebenza kangcono kune-PHEV
Ngenkathi ama-PHEV ehlolwa ngokusetshenziswa kwawo uphethiloli kwangempela kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo ngendlela engasebenzi kahle, Ama-non-plug-in hybrids (HEVs) athola idumela lokuba athembekile kakhulu phakathi kobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene obutholakalayo. Imibiko eminingana ezimele kanye nezinhlolovo zibonisa ukuthi lawa mamodeli aveza izinkinga ziyancipha njengoba iminyaka idlula kanye nolwazi olulula lomsebenzisi.
Ucwaningo lokuqala lwekhwalithi olwenziwe yi-JD Power emakethe yase-US lubeka lokhu Ama-plug-in hybrids yiwona anezigameko eziningi kakhulu ezimotweni eziyi-100...ngisho nangaphezu kwezimoto zikagesi ezihlanzekile. Isizathu esiyinhloko yi- ubunzima obukhulu bemishini kanye ne-elekthronikhiI-PHEV ihlanganisa injini yokushisa, injini kagesi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, ibhethri elinamandla aphezulu, uhlelo lokushaja, futhi, ezimweni eziningi, ama-transmission ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Izigameko eziningi nezinkinga zobuchwepheshe ziholele ekuhoxisweni kwezimali kanye nezexwayiso kwezinye izinhlobo ze-hybrid.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inhlolovo enkulu eyenziwe yi- Inhlangano Yabathengi Nabasebenzisi (OCU) Kanye nezinye izinhlangano zaseYurophu, inhlolovo yabashayeli abangaphezu kuka-85.000 yembula ukuthi Ama-hybrid angewona ama-plug-in ahamba phambili ekulinganisweni kokuthembekaNgokwezimpendulo eziqoqwe, ziba nokuwohloka okuncane futhi, uma zenzeka, ngokuvamile azibi zimbi kangako.
Ngokohlobo lwenjini, Izinjini zikadizili ziyaqhubeka nokuba yizo ezibangela ingxenye enkulu yezinkingaLokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezimotweni eziphakathi nezinkulu, kuyilapho izimoto ezincane zisebenza kangcono kancane. Noma kunjalo, izinga lazo lokuthembeka liphansi kunele-ECO-labeled hybrids, lapho khona Amamodeli amaningi aseJapan avelele ngamaphuzu aphezulu kakhulu.
Ngokomkhiqizo, okuvelele enhlolovo I-Lexus, i-Subaru, Toyota kanye neSuzuki njengezilinganiso zokuthembekangezilinganiso ezicishe zivelele. Imikhiqizo efana ne-BYD, i-Honda, i-Mazda, ne-Kia nayo ithole amaphuzu aphawulekayo. Phakathi kwamamodeli athile asebenza kahle kakhulu kukhona... ama-hybrid afana neToyota RAV4 noma iPriuskanye nezimoto ezincane ezinelebula le-ECO ezivela kwaSuzuki naseKia, kanye neBMW i3 phakathi kwalezo ezinelebula le-ZERO.
Uhulumeni womphakathi waseSpain: uzibophezele ezimotweni ezihlanganisiwe nezixhumene nezimoto ezithwala impahla emikhunjini yazo
"Umzamo oluhlaza" awuveli kubantu ngabanye kuphela. Omasipala baseSpain kanye nezinhlangano zomphakathi bavuselela imikhumbi yabo ngezimoto ze-hybrid kanye ne-plug-in hybrid, bezama ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi emsebenzini wabo wansuku zonke.
Isibonelo samuva nje yileso se- Amaphoyisa endawo aseGetafe, okuye kwanezela emikhunjini yayo ama-hybrid amahlanu e-BMW X1 plug-in, enamandla ahlanganisiwe angaba ngu-245 hp kanye ne-a Ibanga likagesi eliqinisekisiwe liphakathi kwamakhilomitha angu-80 no-90Ngokusho komkhandlu wedolobha, lesi sibalo sizovumela ukuthi kube nokushintshana okugcwele kokuqapha okuzohlanganiswa ngendlela kagesi, okunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi endaweni ezindaweni ezizungezile.
Lezi zimoto ezintsha zokuqapha ziyahlangana iminyango yangaphambili enezivikelo eziphansi, izinhlelo zokufunda amapuleti elayisensi ngokuzenzakalelayo ixhunywe kudathabheyisi yethrafikhi kanye nezokuphepha, kanye nemishini ethile yokungenelela. Iyunithi ngayinye inayo futhi isicisha-mlilo esingamakhilogremu ayisithupha, i-defibrillator, kanye nendawo ehlukile yababoshiwe, ihlukaniswe nengxenye esele yabagibeli ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha.
UMkhandlu Wedolobha uhambisana nalokhu kuvuselelwa kwemishini kanye ukwanda kwabasebenzi be-ejentiKodwa-ke, emkhakheni wokuhamba, isu licacile: ukuhlanganisa umthelela ophansi kwezemvelo ngezinga eliphezulu lokuvikela nobuchwepheshe ezimotweni zesevisi.
Ngokuhambisanayo, i- Igunya Lechweba laseBay of Cádiz utshale imali engaphezu kuka- Ama-euro angu-320.000 ngokuthenga izimoto ezintsha eziyishumiukubeka phambili amamodeli e-hybrid kanye ne-electric eminyangweni ehlukene yokusebenza. Kulawa, Kuthunyelwe amayunithi ayisithupha ukuqinisa imikhumbi yamaphoyisa asePortukushintsha izimoto ezindala ezazingasakwazi ukulungiswa.
Ngemva kwalokhu kuvuselelwa, imikhumbi yenhlangano yeCadiz iyanezela Izimoto ezingu-34, okuhlanganisa izimoto eziningana zikagesi ezihlanzekile kanye nenani elikhulayo lama-hybridokuhambisana nezinye izimali ezihloselwe ukunciphisa umthelela wekhabhoni womsebenzi wechweba futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokuhamba kwangaphakathi.
Amamodeli e-hybrid adumile eSpain: kusukela kuma-SUV ashibhile kuya kuma-hybrid axhumekile ebanga elide
Ngale kwezibalo eziphelele, intshisekelo ku- Izimoto ze-hybrid nazo zibonakala kumamodeli athile athola indawo emakethe yaseSpain., kokubili phakathi kwalabo abafuna ilebula le-ECO elingabizi kanye naphakathi kwalabo ababeka phambili ukusebenza kanye nobubanzi kagesi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi olufinyeleleka kalula, iziphakamiso ezifana I-MG ZS Hybrid+ gqama ngokunikela a I-SUV enohlelo lwe-hybrid kanye nelebula le-DGT ECO ngentengo efanelekile. Izingxenye zayo zemishini ziseduze 195 HP amandla aphezulu, enokudluliselwa okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokushayela ngamasondo angaphambili, futhi ikhangiswa kusukela ekuqaleni nje Ama-euro angu-20.000 ezinguqulweni zayo zokuqala, ngokuvamile kuhlotshaniswa nokuxhaswa ngezimali komkhiqizo.
Esinye isibonelo esibanzi yilesi I-Dacia Duster enobuchwepheshe obuhlanganisiwe, encike kulwazi lwayo olwaziwayo inani lemali kanye namakhono amahle ezinhlobo zayo ze-4x4Nakuba kungeyona imodeli evelele kakhulu maqondana nobuchwepheshe noma ukuqedwa, ihlanganisa i- Usayizi ofanele ukusetshenziswa ngumndeni, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuphansi kanye nemishini efanele ngamanani okuqala angaphansi kwama-euro angu-20.000 ngezaphulelo.
Esigabeni esincane, I-Honda Civic Hybrid Isizibonakalise njengenketho ethuthukisiwe kakhulu. Uhlelo lwayo luhlanganisa injini kaphethiloli, injini kagesi, kanye nebhethri ukuze lunikeze cishe 184 hp, ngokusebenza "kwemodi ye-hybrid" lapho Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuphakathi kwama-4 nama-5 l/100 km kanye nebanga elingamakhilomitha angu-800 ngethangi eligcwele. Ukushintshana kwentengo kuyinto intengo yokungena ephezulu ngokusobala, cishe ama-euro angu-34.000 kuye ngokuthi ilungiselelwe kanjani.
Phakathi kwama-SUV amakhulu, I-Nissan X-Trail enohlelo lukagesi ikhetha ukucushwa lapho Injini kaphethiloli ihlanganiswe nezinjini ezimbili zikagesi kanye ne-all-wheel driveKwezinye izinhlobo, amandla aphelele ayadlula I-250 CV futhi ibhethri linikeza Ibanga likagesi eliqinisekisiwe elingamakhilomitha angama-60Kuye ngemakethe. Izipesheli zokuqalisa zivumela ukufinyelela kumodeli ngezimali eziqala kuma-euro angaphezu kuka-36.000.
El I-Toyota RAV4Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingenye yamagama ajwayelekile uma kukhulunywa ngama-hybrid. Inguqulo yakamuva yethula i- uhlelo lwe-plug-in hybrid olunebhethri elingaba ngu-23 kWh, cishe umthamo ongaphezu kuka-30% kunangaphambili, okuhunyushwa ngokuthi kufika kumakhilomitha ayi-100 ebanga likagesi i-WLTPNgokuphathelene nezici, inikeza kusukela cishe ku-268 hp ene-drive-wheel drive yangaphambili kuya ku-300 hp ezinguqulweni ze-AWD-i, ngokusheshisa kusuka ku-0 kuya ku-100 km/h ngaphansi kwemizuzwana eyi-6, okugcina ukusetshenziswa okuphansi ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke uma ishajwa njalo.
Isithombe esidwetshwe yile datha singenye yezithombe imakethe yaseSpain neyaseYurophu lapho izimoto ezihlanganisiwe nezisebenza ngogesi sezivele zingabadlali ababalulekilekodwa lapho bephikelela khona Izinselele ezibalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela kwama-plug-in hybrids zifaka phakathi isidingo semikhuba yokushaja eqhubekayo kanye nokuphishekela ukuthembeka kwesikhathi eside.Nakuba ohulumeni bomphakathi bevuselela izimoto zabo ngamamodeli e-ECO kanye ne-ZERO futhi abakhiqizi bandisa ububanzi babo, ukushintshela ekuhambeni kokukhishwa komoya okuphansi noma okungelutho kuzoncika kakhulu endleleni lezi zimoto ezisetshenziswa ngayo nsuku zonke kanye nokuzinza kwezinqubomgomo zokusekela ezibeka ijubane loshintsho.
