La Umthetho Wokwenza Ngcono wamandla kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi yakhelwe ukudala ukuzethemba okukhulu kubatshalizimali kulo mkhakha. Empeleni, lo mthetho uhlose ukusungula izibonelelo ezincintisanayo ezinezinjongo zokwengeza impahla yokuphehla emadamini angaqhubeki, ukukhulisa umthamo wezindawo ezikhona zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwezikhungo zamanje.
Ukwengeza, abalawuli bayanxuswa ukuthi bacabangele ukuqalisa inqubo yeminyaka emibili yokunikeza amalayisense amaphrojekthi aphehlwa ngamanzi angenanjini kanye namaphrojekthi okugcina iluphu. Isekhethi evaliwe ivumela amanzi agciniwe ukuthi agaywe kabusha ukuze kukhiqizwe ugesi, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukuphazamiseka kokugeleza kwemvelo kwemifula nemifudlana.
Umthelela womthetho kumandla kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi
Amandla kagesi wamanzi e-United States anamandla okukhuphuka I-60.000 MW ngo-2025, okungase kukhiqize cishe 1.4 million imisebenzi. Lokhu kwanda komthamo kuzofezwa ikakhulukazi emadamini angawakhiqizi amandla njengamanje nangokuthuthukiswa kwemiklamo ekhona.
Ucwaningo luphinde luveze ukuthi nxazonke I-10.000 MW lamandla amasha angenziwa emadamini ngaphandle kwamandla kagesi, kanti amanye I-9.000 MW kungafezwa ngokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwamaphrojekthi amanje kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi.
Ukubaluleka kokuguqula inqubo yokulawula
Abameli bamandla kagesi bayaqaphela ukuthi ngaphandle kokuguqulwa kwenqubo yokulawula, kuzoba nzima ukufinyelela amandla awo aphelele. Kulokhu, kuhlongozwa umthetho i-bipartisan okwenza kube lula ukwanda kwamandla kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi ngaphandle kokwakha amadamu amasha. Lo mthethosivivinywa uhlose futhi ukwenza ngcono izinga lomoya kanye nokudala imisebenzi, konke ngaphakathi kohlaka lwamandla ahlanzekile futhi asimeme.
Imithetho emisha igxile ekuboneni intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi mayelana nokuvikelwa kwezilwane zasemanzini, njengezinhlanzi, kanye nokufakwa kwezinto ezintsha ezinjengamaturbine anesivinini esincane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthetho uzovumela ukusetshenziswa kwengqalasizinda ekhona, njengemisele yokunisela, izindawo zokuhlanza amanzi namapayipi.
Izinzuzo zamandla kagesi ngamanzi
I-Hydropower ingenye yemithombo yamandla evuselelekayo kakhulu. onokwethenjelwa futhi ukonga. Eqinisweni, okwamanje imele I-66% wawo wonke amandla avuselelekayo akhiqizwa e-United States.
- Ukuthembeka: Amandla kagesi osebenza ngamanzi angumthombo wamandla aqhubekayo ongancikile ezintweni ezenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile njengelanga noma umoya.
- Izindleko ezehlisiwe: Izindleko zokukhiqiza ziphansi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imithombo evuselelekayo.
- Thuthukisa kunethiwekhi yamandla: I-Hydropower ithathwe njengebalulekile ekugcineni igridi kagesi ethembekile, ikakhulukazi uma ihlanganiswe namandla elanga nawomoya.
Esimeni samanje, uma abenzi benqubomgomo base-U.S. bezimisele ngokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa kanye nokunciphisa ukuthembela ezinhlotsheni zamandla eziyingozi njengenuzi, amandla kagesi kufanele athathe indawo enkulu ezinhlelweni zamandla zesikhathi esizayo.
Ukuqhathanisa namanye amandla avuselelekayo
Amandla kagesi osebenza ngamanzi avelele uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo njengomoya noma ilanga ngenxa yomthamo wawo wokugcina nokulawula. Nakuba amandla elanga nawomoya ephakathi, amandla aphehlwa ngamanzi ahlinzeka ngokukhiqiza okuqhubekayo ngenxa yamachibi kanye nokulawulwa kokugeleza kwemifula.
Amathemba ekusasa lamandla kagesi
Izibikezelo zikhomba ukuthi amandla kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi azoqhubeka ebaluleke kakhulu ekuxubeni kwamandla esikhathini esizayo. Ngokwezilinganiso, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi ngamanzi emhlabeni wonke kuzokhula 15% ngo-2028, omele umthombo obalulekile ekushintsheleni ohlelweni lwamandla angenayo i-carbon.
Ukusheshisa le nqubo, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokubheja entuthukweni yezobuchwepheshe evumela izitshalo eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi ukuba zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwazo futhi zinciphise umthelela wazo kwezemvelo. Ukwengeza, ukuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obufana nelanga nomoya nezitshalo zikagesi wamanzi kungakhuphula izinzuzo zakho kokubili.
Ngamafuphi, amandla kagesi ngamanzi ahlanganiswa njengomunye wokubheja okuqine kakhulu emhlabeni wonke ukuze kusimame kanye nekusasa lamandla, ngenxa yamandla awo okukhiqiza, ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuguquguquka ngaphakathi kohlelo lukagesi.
kuhle kakhulu ukwenza imisebenzi nakho konke engikuthandayo isayensi