INkantolo Ephakeme iphinde yagunyaza ukuguqulwa kukagesi okugqugquzelwe i-Popular Party phakathi nesishayamthetho sika-2011-2015. Lokhu kuguqulwa kufaka phakathi ukuncishiswa okukhulu kwamaphrimiyamu okufakwa kwamandla avuselelekayo e-Spain, into edale izikhalazo eziningi kanye nempi yokwahlulela esavuliwe. Kwesinye sezinqumo zayo zakamuva, ezikhishwe ngoSepthemba 5, inkantolo yasichitha isikhalazo esifakwe yi-25 photovoltaic installs eCastilla-La Mancha ngokumelene nemithetho ye-2014, eyathinta ngokuqondile inzuzo yabo.
Sika ezintweni ezivuselelekayo kanye nempikiswano yezomthetho
Enye yezinkinga eziyinhloko ezidale impikiswano ukuthi ingabe ukuguqulwa kokulawula kwephule izimiso zokungaphindiseli emuva kanye nesiqiniseko somthetho, esisungulwe kuMthethosisekelo waseSpain. Izinkampani ezithintekayo ze-photovoltaic zaphikisana ngokuthi azikwazanga ukubona kusengaphambili lolu shintsho lomthetho, olucekele phansi izibikezelo zabo zenzuzo yesikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, iNkantolo Ephakeme yazichitha lezi zinsolo, yathi ushintsho lokulawula, nakuba lukhulu, aluzange lwephule lezi zimiso.
Inkantolo isekelwe isinqumo sayo ngesidingo sokulungisa imithetho "ezimweni zomnotho" zezwe ngaleso sikhathi, etholakala, ngokwengxenye, ekushoda kwentela ephezulu eqoqwe emkhakheni kagesi.
Lokhu kushoda, osekufinyelele emazingeni angafaneleki, kube ngesinye sezizathu eziyinhloko ezaphusha isikhulu sikaMariano Rajoy ukuthi senze lezi zinguquko. Eqinisweni, ukulungiswa kombuso wokukhokhela amandla avuselelekayo kwakungezona kuphela izitshalo zelanga, kodwa kuthinte wonke umkhakha, kuhlanganise nokuhlanganisa kanye namanye amandla aluhlaza.
I-ICSID kanye ne-Energy Charter
Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngaphambi kwesinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme, inkantolo yokulamula ye-International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) ikhiphe umklomelo omuhle kubatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe ecaleni elihlobene nezinguquko zikagesi zaseSpain. Kulo mklomelo, i-ICSID igxeke iSpain ukuthi inxephezele inkampani ye-Eiser ngama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-128 ngenxa yokwephulwa kwe-Energy Charter.
Lesi sivumelwano samazwe ngamazwe, esasayinwa ngo-1994, sibeka ukuthi ohulumeni kufanele baqinisekise ukuphathwa ngendlela efanele nangokulinganayo kubatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe emkhakheni wezamandla. I-arbitral Tribunal ibheke ukuthi iSpain yephule lesi simiso ngokushintsha kakhulu umbuso we-premium wokufakwa okuvuselelekayo, okuthinte kakhulu izibalo zenzuzo ezazihlelwe ekuqaleni abatshalizimali.
Nokho, naphezu kwalesi sinqumo samazwe ngamazwe, izinkantolo zaseSpain ziye zaqhubeka nokusekela izinguquko zomthetho kazwelonke. NgokweNkantolo Ephakeme, esinqumweni sayo sangoSepthemba 5, umklomelo we-ICSID awusebenzi ezinqubweni zokwahlulela ezixazululwa ngaphansi komthetho waseSpain nowomphakathi, njengoba lezi zinsiza zilawulwa yimithetho kazwelonke.
Imali eshodayo njengempikiswano eyinhloko
Ukushoda kwentela yohlelo lukagesi lwaseSpain kube ngenye yamaphuzu asemqoka engxoxweni kaHulumeni yokuthethelela ukuncishiswa kwezinto ezivuselelekayo. Iminyaka eminingi, izindleko zokuphehlwa kukagesi kanye nokusatshalaliswa kukagesi eSpain zaziphakeme kunemali engenayo izinkampani zikagesi eziyithola ngezintela. Lokhu kudale ukushoda okuqoqiwe okuthi, ngesikhathi sezinguquko, kwakungama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-26.000.
Uhulumeni kaRajoy, ngo-2013, wakubheka njengokubalulekile ukuguqula uhlelo ukuze kuvinjelwe lokhu kusilela ekuqhubekeni nokukhula. Isixazululo esiphakanyiswe nge-Royal Decree-Law 9/2013 kwaba uguquko olukhulu ohlelweni lwamaholo lokuvuselelwayo. Esikhundleni samaphrimiyamu angaguquki anikezwe kusukela ngo-2006, uhlelo olusha lwaqinisekisa inzuzo enengqondo ebalwa ngokusekelwe kumabhondi eminyaka eyi-10 kanye nokusabalala, okunciphise kakhulu okulindelekile kwezomnotho kubakhiqizi bamandla avuselelekayo.
Ukusabela kwabakhiqizi kanye nempi yokwahlulela
Impendulo evela kubakhiqizi yaba ngokushesha. Kusukela ekuqaleni, i-Executive yasolwa ngokudala ukungaqiniseki kwezomthetho futhi yephule izimiso zokuthenjwa okusemthethweni nokungaphindiseli emuva. Lezi zimpikiswano zethulwe kuzo zombili izinkantolo zikazwelonke nezamazwe ngamazwe.
Ezingeni lendawo, izikhungo ezithintekile zadlulisela icala eNkantolo Ephakeme nakwezinye izinkantolo zokuphatha, zikhala ngokuthi eziningi zazo zazixhase imiklamo yazo ngezikweletu zesikhathi eside, zithembele ekuzinzeni kwamaphrimiyamu ahlelelwe ngo-2007. izitshalo izitshalo ze-photovoltaic zabona inzuzo yazo yehliswa yacishe yafinyelela ku-zero.
Ezingeni lamazwe ngamazwe, abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe, ngaphansi kokuvikelwa koMqulu Wezamandla, baphendukela ku-ICSID nezinye izindlela zokulamula. Njengoba sesishilo, kube nemiklomelo emihle efana neka-Eiser, kodwa kube namacala lapho izinkantolo zamazwe ngamazwe zizichithile lezi zinsolo, njengoba kwenzeka ngo-2016 indondo ivuna iSpain ecaleni elafakwa nguCharanne BV.
Imisho ephikisanayo: Izindinganiso eziphindwe kabili?
Enye yezinto eziyimpikiswano kakhulu ukungqubuzana okusobala phakathi kwezigwebo ezikhishwa izinkantolo zikazwelonke nezamazwe ngamazwe. Ngenkathi owokuqala, oholwa yiNkantolo Ephakeme, eqhubeka nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuguqulwa kukagesi kuhambisana nomthetho waseSpain, izinkantolo zamazwe ngamazwe ziye zaba bucayi kakhulu.
Emacaleni amaningi alawa, izinkantolo zamazwe ngamazwe zicabanga ukuthi i-Spain, ngokwethula ukuncishiswa okunamandla nokuhlehlayo kumaphrimiyamu, yephule impatho efanele nelinganayo okufanele iqinisekiswe kubatshalizimali. Kodwa-ke, izinkantolo zikazwelonke zithi umbuso unelungelo lokuguqula izinqubomgomo zawo uma zingasimami ngokomnotho.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokombono wezinkantolo zaseSpain, alikho ilungelo elihlanganisiwe lokuthola inzuzo ethile yesikhathi esizayo. Ngakho-ke, izinguquko kumaphrimiyamu akubhekwa njengezinto ezibuyela emuva, kodwa izinguquko ezidingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusimama kwesistimu kagesi.
Izinkinga zemvelo ekuguqulweni kukagesi
Okunye okuxakayo ngalesi simo ukuthi ukuguqulwa kukagesi okufanayo obekuzama ukuqinisekisa ukusimama komnotho kwalolu hlelo kube nomthelela omubi ekuthuthukisweni kwamandla avuselelekayo, okungenye yezinsika ezibalulekile ekulweni nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Izitshalo eziningi zamandla avuselelekayo, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni we-photovoltaic, ziye zakhubaza imisebenzi yazo noma zisesimweni esibucayi kakhulu sezezimali. Ukwehla kwamaphrimiyamu kuthinte ngqo ukusebenza kwamaphrojekthi amaningi, okubambezele ukukhula kwamandla ahlanzekile eSpain.
Kodwa-ke, uguquko luphinde lwaqondana nesimo esibucayi somnotho emhlabeni wonke ebesivele siphoqa izinkampani eziningi kulo mkhakha ukuthi zilungise izinhlelo zazo. Nakuba abanye ochwepheshe beveza ukuthi umthelela walolu guquko waba namandla kakhulu ekukhubazekeni kwemiklamo emisha, abanye bathi ukwehla kwamandla emali kwakungenakugwenywa, uma kubhekwa isimo somhlaba sokuwohloka komnotho kanye nokwehla kwentengo yezinto ezimbiwa phansi.
Amavoti angawodwana: Inkulumompikiswano yezomthetho ngaphakathi kweNkantolo Ephakeme
Ngaphakathi kweNkantolo Ephakeme ngokwayo, akuzona zonke izimantshi ezabelana ngesinqumo sokuchitha izikhalazo ezethulwa abakhiqizi bamandla elanga. Esinqumweni sangomhla zi-5 Septhemba, iJaji u-Eduardo Espín Templado wethula umbono ophikisayo, wathi kwenzeke emuva emuva okuphambene nomthetho, nokuthi ukusikeka bekufanele kusetshenziswe ezitshalweni ezintsha kuphela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iJaji u-María Isabel Perelló Doménech naye wethula umbono ophikisayo, echaza isimo sabakhiqizi be-photovoltaic "njengesibonelo sokungaqiniseki kwezomthetho" okwakuholele izinkampani eziningi emkhakheni esimweni esibucayi.
Lawa mavoti aphikisayo abonisa ukuthi, ngisho nangaphakathi kohlelo lwezokwahlulela lwaseSpain ngokwalo, akukho ukuvumelana okugcwele ngokuba semthethweni kwezinguquko ezikhuthazwa uhulumeni Weqembu Elidumile. Iqiniso lokuthi le mibono yethulwa ngaphakathi kweNkantolo Ephakeme yengeza i-nuance ebalulekile esimweni esiyinkimbinkimbi esibhekene nomkhakha wamandla avuselelekayo eSpain.
Ikusasa lamandla avuselelekayo eSpain
Naphezu kwazo zonke izinkinga ezivela ngenxa yokuncishiswa kwezindleko kanye nezimpi zasenkantolo, umkhakha wamandla avuselelekayo e-Spain usenamandla amakhulu. Ngokwezinhlelo zamasu zikaHulumeni kanye ne-European Union, amandla avuselelekayo azodingeka ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezinjongo zomnotho zokuqeda ikhabhoni emashumini eminyaka ezayo.
Izwe linezimo zezwe eziyingqayizivele zokukhiqiza amandla elanga nomoya, futhi kubonakala sengathi, esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, ukuthuthukiswa kwalobu buchwepheshe kuzoqhubeka nokukhuthazwa. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe baveza ukuthi kuzobaluleka ukusungula uhlaka lwezomthetho oluzinzile noluthembekile oluqinisekisa isiqiniseko somthetho kanye nokuzethemba kwabatshalizimali, into ebingatshazwa kakhulu kusukela ngenguquko yango-2013.
Ngokushintsha kwezinqubomgomo zamandla kanye nendima ehamba phambili yamandla avuselelekayo ekulweni nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, kubonakala sengathi ohulumeni bakusasa kuzofanele babuyekeze uhlelo lokukhuthaza ukuheha amaphrojekthi amasha.
Okokugcina, kuyadingeka ukugcizelela ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu hhayi nje kuphela ngokombono wezomnotho, kodwa futhi kusukela ekubukeni kwemvelo. Njengoba imiphumela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ikhula ngesivinini, isidingo sokuthembela kubuchwepheshe obuhlanzekile, obuphephile nobuqhubekayo siya ngokuya sicindezela.