Ukuvuselela ikhaya akuyona nje indaba yobuhle, ukwenza izindawo zibe zesimanjemanje, noma ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza. Ukusebenzisa ngokunenzuzo ukulungiswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nokuzinza kwekhaya sekuyinto ehamba phambili kulabo abafuna ukunciphisa izindleko, ukuphila ngokunethezeka kakhudlwana, futhi banakekele imvelo.. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminyakeni yamuva, i- isitifiketi samandla Ithathe indima eholayo, kwaze kwaba seqophelweni lokuba yimpoqo ekuhwebeni okuningi kwezindlu nezindlu kanye nokhiye wokuthola uxhaso nosizo.
Namuhla, isimo sesishintshe kakhulu uma siqhathaniswa neminyaka eyishumi edlule. Imithethonqubo, okulindelwe yimakethe kanye nokuqwashisa umphakathi kudinga izindlu ezisebenza kahle nezinomthwalo wemfanelo.. Kulesi sihloko esibanzi, uzothola yonke into ehambisana nesitifiketi samandla lapho ulungisa ikhaya lakho: kusukela kungani libalulekile, izinyathelo ongazithatha, inqubo yokuyithola, nokuthi iyithinta kanjani isikhwama sakho semali kanye nezinga lempilo.
Kungani isitifiketi samandla sisenhliziyweni yokulungiswa okuphumelelayo?
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla sekuyinto ebalulekile kunoma yikuphi ukulungisa ngenxa Umthetho waseYurophu naseSpain, edinga amazinga aphezulu okonga nokusimama. Isitifiketi samandla wumbhalo ohlola futhi oqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwanoma iyiphi indawo, okubonisa esikalini A (esebenza kahle kakhulu) ukuya ku-G (isebenza kahle kancane) lanele kangakanani ikhaya mayelana nokusetshenziswa kanye nokukhishwa kwe-CO2.
Inhloso yalesi sitifiketi ukwazisa nokugqugquzela abanikazi nabathengi nabaqashi ukuthi bathuthukise ukusebenza kahle, ngaleyo ndlela kube lula ukuncishiswa kwezindleko zamandla, inani lemakethe kanye namathuba okuzuza osizweni lomphakathi.
E-Spain, lo mbhalo ubuyisibopho sokuthengisa noma ukuqasha noma iyiphi indawo kusukela ngo-2013, futhi ngo-2033 imfuneko izoba nzima kakhulu: wonke amakhaya emakethe kufanele ahlangabezane okungenani nohlamvu D olujwayelekile.
Yiluphi ulwazi olufaka phakathi isitifiketi samandla?
Isitifiketi samandla sekhaya Iqukethe ivolumu yolwazi oluningiliziwe lwezobuchwepheshe. Eminye idatha ehlobene kakhulu eyibonisayo yile:
- Isilinganiso Samandla ngohlamvu nesikali sombala (AG)
- Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuyisisekelo (kWh) ngemitha yesikwele ngayinye ngonyaka
- Ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 konyaka
- Incazelo yezinsiza (ukushisisa, amanzi ashisayo, okomoya, njll.)
- Izincomo zokuthuthukisa ukuphakamisa isilinganiso (izinguquko ekufakeni, ukufaka, amawindi, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezivuselelekayo, njll.)
- Idatha yesazi esiqinisekisayo, idethi yokukhishwa nokuba semthethweni (imvamisa iminyaka eyi-10)
Le dokhumenti ikusiza ukuthi ubone yiziphi izici zekhaya lakho ezidla amandla amaningi nokuthi yiziphi izenzo ezingenza umehluko, kokubili ekusebenziseni kwakho imali kanye nenani lesikhathi esizayo lesakhiwo.
Yiziphi intuthuko okufanele zenziwe ngesikhathi sokulungiswa ukuze kuzuzwe ikhaya eliphumelelayo nelizinzile?
Ukuthatha ithuba lokuvuselela ukuze wenze ukweqa ngekhwalithi nokusebenza kahle kuwutshalomali olungcono kakhulu ongalwenza. Cishe bonke ochwepheshe nabalawuli bayavumelana ngamaphuzu amaningana abalulekile. Ukuguqula indlu endala ibe ikhaya elisebenzayo, elisimeme, nelinobufakazi besikhathi esizayo:
Ukuhlukaniswa okushisayo
I-insulation iyisisekelo sokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa ukushisa kanye nokuzuza ebusika nasehlobo.. Ukuthuthukisa ama-facade, uphahla, phansi, nezindonga zangaphakathi ngezinto zesimanje (i-rock wool, i-cellulose, i-polystyrene, i-polyurethane, njll.) kunganciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwesimo somoya. I-insulation iyisilinganiso esingabizi kakhulu esikhathini eside futhi yisona esinomthelela omkhulu kulebula yamandla.. Kubalulekile ukukhetha impahla efanele kanye nesistimu ngokusekelwe esimweni sezulu sendawo yangakini kanye nohlobo lwesakhiwo.
Izivalo namafasitela asebenzayo
I-Las Amafasitela amadala angomunye wemithombo eyinhloko yokuvuza kwamandla. Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, ungawashintsha ngamamodeli acwebezelwe kabili noma kathathu, amafreyimu anekhefu elishisayo, kanye namakamelo egesi yomoya noma i-argon. Ubukhulu bengilazi kanye nekhwalithi yomhlangano kubalulekile; Iwindi elingafakwanga kahle lilahlekelwa ukusebenza kahle, ngisho noma lisezingeni eliphezulu.
Ukuvala izikhala kanye namaphuzu abalulekile
Noma ngabe ufaka i-insulation enhle kangakanani, Noma yikuphi ukuqhekeka, ukuqhekeka, noma ipayipi elingavaliwe kahle kuzodala ukuthi ulahlekelwe ukusebenza kahle.. Kubalulekile ukuvala wonke amalunga, amabhokisi e-shutter, nezixhumi ezifakwayo, nokuhlola ukuthi iminyango namafasitela avaleka kahle yini. Ikhaya "eliqinile" livimbela okusalungiswa nokuvuza okungadingekile.
Amasistimu omoya wesimanje
I-air conditioning imele amaphesenti amakhulu okusetshenziswa kwamandla. Lapho uvuselela, khetha amasistimu wokushisisa asebenza kahle kakhulu namasistimu omoya.: amaphampu okushisa, ama-boilers abambayo, ukufudumeza okungaphansi noma ngisho nezinhlelo eziyingxubevange ezihlanganisa amandla avuselelekayo navamile. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amapayipi avaleleke kahle futhi awavuzi.
Ukulawula izinga lokushisa okuhlakaniphile
I-automation yasekhaya kanye ne-smart thermostats ayilungile nje kuphela, kodwa Bavumela ukulawula izinga lokushisa okunembile kanye nokusetshenziswa okunengqondo okwengeziwe. Isistimu ehlelekayo enezinzwa inganciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa ngokulungisa izinga lokushisa libe nohlelo lwangempela lokusebenzisa lwegumbi ngalinye.
Ukungena komoya kahle
Ukuvuselela umoya kuyisihluthulelo sokugcina indawo enempilo futhi ugweme umswakama owedlulele kanye nezinto ezingcolisayo. Amasistimu okungena komoya okulawulwayo (CMV). Zilapha ukuze zihlale: zivumela ukungena komoya ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amandla, njengoba zibuyisela ukushisa emoyeni ophumayo futhi zihlunge umoya ongenayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokushisa langaphakathi ligcinwa njalo.
Imishini nemishini esebenzayo
Hlola ilebula yamandla kuzo zonke izinto ezisetshenziswayo futhi uhlale njalo kulabo bekilasi A noma ngaphezulu. Nakuba zingabiza kancane ekuqaleni, zenza ukonga iminyaka. Okufanayo kuya ekukhanyeni: ukushintshela kuma-LED bulbs kanye nezinhlelo ezicimeka kusho ukweqa okukhulu ekusebenzeni kahle futhi kunciphisa isidingo sokuqhubeka nokushintsha ama-bulb.
Ukusebenzisa ukukhanya kwemvelo
Ukuqondisa kahle izikhala, ukuvula izikhala zokukhanya, ukukhetha izindawo ezinombala okhanyayo, nokusebenzisa amakhethini alungisekayo noma izimpumputhe kungaguqula ikhaya elimnyama, elincike ekukhanyeni kokwenziwa libe ikhaya elikhanyayo nelongayo. Ukukhanya kwemvelo akugcini nje ukugcina amandla, kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa inhlalakahle nempilo..
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo
Hlanganisa amaphaneli elanga e-photovoltaic, i-solar thermal, i-aerothermal noma i-geothermal Ibiza kakhulu kumakhaya anomndeni owodwa, kodwa futhi iyasebenza kumabhulokhi amaningi nasemiphakathini. Inhlanganisela yokusebenza kahle kanye nokuzisebenzisa ngokwakho kuyinhlanganisela ewinayo yokunciphisa ibhili lakho lamandla kanye ne-carbon footprint.
Ukusatshalaliswa okuphumelelayo kwezikhala
Ukucabanga ngokusabalalisa ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kuyasiza Beka izindawo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu (igumbi lokuhlala, ikhishi) ezindaweni lapho zithola khona ukukhanya nokushisa okwengeziwe, futhi usebenzise kangcono imithombo yemvelo. Idizayini ehlakaniphile ibaluleke njengezisetshenziswa noma izinsiza ezikhethiwe.
Ukuthola nokubuyekeza isitifiketi samandla: izinyathelo, amasu kanye nezindleko
Ukuze uthole isitifiketi samandla, kufanele uqashe a uchwepheshe wokuqinisekisa ogunyaziwe. Kungaba abadwebi bezakhiwo, onjiniyela noma ochwepheshe ababhalisiwe abanokuqeqeshwa okuthile. Inqubo ihlanganisa:
- Ukuvakashelwa endaweni okwenziwa uchwepheshe ukuze athathe izilinganiso futhi ahlaziye ukwahlukanisa, ukufakwa, umumo, izindawo ezingaphezulu, namasistimu wamandla.
- Ukulungiswa kombiko osemthethweni kanye nebanga lokugcina kanye nezincomo zokwenziwa ngcono.
- Ukubhaliswa kwedokhumenti nendikimba yesifunda ehambisana nayo. Ngaphandle kwalesi sinyathelo, isitifiketi asinakho ukufaneleka okusemthethweni.
- Ukulethwa kwe ilebula lamandla, okufanele kuvele kunkontileka yokuthengisa noma yokuqasha.
Isitifiketi sisebenza iminyaka eyi-10, kodwa Kunconywa ukuyivuselela ngemva kokulungiswa okuphawulekayo, njengoba izinguquko zingashintsha isilinganiso (ngokuvamile ukusithuthukisa). Izindleko ziyahlukahluka kuye ngamamitha-skwele, indawo kanye nochwepheshe abakhethiwe, ngokuvamile kusukela phakathi Ama-euro angama-60 kanye nama-200 amakhaya aphakathi nendawo. Izimali zokubhalisa zingasukela kuma-euro ayi-10 kuye kwangama-90 kuye ngomphakathi ozilawulayo.
Isibopho esisemthethweni kanye nokukhululwa esitifiketini samandla
E-Spain, imfuneko yalo mbhalo yaqala ukulawulwa ngo-2013 futhi manje yi- Isimemezelo Sasebukhosini 390/2021. Kubalulekile ukuthi udayise, uqashe noma wenze ukulungisa okukhulu.. Uma ungenayo, uzifaka engozini enkulu yezinhlawulo zezezimali.
Ezinye izakhiwo ezicaciswe kakhulu azikhishiwe, njengezakhiwo zokukhulekela, izakhiwo ezivikelwe ukubaluleka kwazo komlando, izakhiwo zezimboni noma zezolimo ezidingeka kancane, izakhiwo zesikhashana, izakhiwo ezinendawo engaphansi kuka-50 m² yendawo esebenzisekayo, nezindlu zokuhlala ezisetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezinyanga ezine ngonyaka.
Izinzuzo zekhaya elinamandla aphezulu kanye nesitifiketi esihle
Ukuguqula ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle nesitifiketi akukhona nje "ukuthobela umthetho." Lolu wutshalomali olunembuyiselo eqinisekisiwe.. Lezi izinzuzo eziyinhloko:
- Ukwehliswa ngokushesha kwebhili yamandla ekushisiseni, ekupholiseni nasekugesini.
- Khulisa ku- inani lemakethe lekhaya.
- Ukufinyelela okuncamelayo ku uxhaso, izibonelelo kanye nokuxhaswa ngezimali ukuhlunyeleliswa kanye nokuvuselela.
- Ukunethezeka okungcono kwe-thermal ne-acoustic unyaka wonke
- Umnikelo ku silwe nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusimama komhlaba wonke.
Izibonelelo, izibonelelo kanye namathuba okutshalwa kwezimali
Umkhankaso wokuvuselela amandla uqiniswa izibonelelo eziningi, kusukela ku I-Next Generation Funds evela ku-European Union kuze kufike ezinhlelweni ezithile zesifunda nezomasipala. Okuningi kwalokhu kuxhaswa ngezimali kudinga ukuthola isitifiketi samandla ngemva kokulungiswa, futhi kunikezwa kuphela uma ukuthuthukiswa kwangempela esilinganisweni kungaboniswa.
Ukutshala imali ekulungisweni ukuze uzuze ibanga lika-D noma ngaphezulu esitifiketini kuvela njengelinye lamasu angcono kakhulu, kokubili kubantu abafuna ukuthengisa noma ukuqasha amakhaya abo kanye nakubatshalizimali abafuna ukukhulisa inzuzo yabo emakethe yesikhathi esizayo. Izindleko zokuvuselela manje zizoba ngaphansi kakhulu kunezindleko zokulahlekelwa ukuthengisa noma amathuba okuqasha ngo-2033.
Ikusasa: Imithetho yaseYurophu kanye namathuba esimanje
Ngo-2033, izidingo zizobe seziqinile nakakhulu. U-15% kuphela wezindlu zamanje zase-Spain ezihlangabezana namazinga aphansi, futhi izinkulungwane zabanikazi bezindlu kuzodingeka zenze ukulungisa izinto ezifakwayo, ukufakwa, kanye nesakhiwo uma zifuna ukumaketha amakhaya abo. Lokhu kuzothuthukisa i- ukwenziwa kwesimanje kwe-real estate stock futhi izonikeza ithuba lokudala amakhaya esimeme ngempela futhi anobufakazi besikhathi esizayo.
Futhi, Izinguquko azigcini nje ngokuletha ukonga nokusimama. Ziyithuba lokuthuthukisa izinga lempilo, impilo, nenduduzo, nokwandisa ngokushesha inani lezakhiwo. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukulungiswa okusebenzayo kuzohambisana nokusebenza kahle kwamandla futhi, ngenxa yalokho, izinzuzo ezinkulu zezomnotho nezenhlalo.
