Argentina Ingelinye lamazwe amakhulu futhi eligqamayo ngentuthuko yalo emkhakheni wezolimo. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kwenzeka emazweni amaningi anezindawo zasemakhaya ezinkulu, izindawo eziningi zikude nezindawo zasemadolobheni futhi ngenxa yalokho zibhekana nezinkinga zokufinyelela ezinsizeni eziyisisekelo njenge ukukhanya, ugesi, Igesi namanzi okuphuza.
Njengoba sibhekene nalesi simo, ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile sebuqale ukusetshenziswa emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule: ama-biodigesters. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukusetshenziswa kwabo kuye kwanda kakhulu ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokusebenziseka kalula kanye nezinzuzo zezomnotho nezemvelo abazinikezayo. Ama-Biodigester abe yingxenye ebalulekile yokulawulwa kwemfucuza emapulazini obisi, amapulazi kanye namanye amabhizinisi ezolimo e-Argentina.
Iyini i-Biodigester?
I-biodigester iyisisetshenziswa esiphatha imfucuza yezilwane noma yezitshalo ukuze sikhiqize imikhiqizo emibili ebalulekile: biogas futhi i i-biofertilizer. Ngokufaka imfucuza enjengomquba noma izinsalela zezitshalo ngaphakathi kwe-biodigester, ngaphansi kwendawo evaliwe nengenawo umoya-mpilo (inqubo yokugaya i-anaerobic), amagciwane abola izinto eziphilayo, akhiqize i-biogas kanye nomanyolo onomsoco.
I-biogas ekhiqizwayo iyingxube yamagesi, ikakhulukazi i-methane (CH4) ne-carbon dioxide (CO2), engasetshenziswa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene: ukupheka, ukushisisa amanzi, nokukhiqiza ugesi kusetshenziswa amajeneretha egesi. Le gesi iyafana negesi yemvelo futhi ingagcinwa noma isetshenziswe ngokushesha.
Izinsalela eziqinile noma eziwuketshezi ezisala ngemva kwenqubo yokugaya yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-biofertilizer. Lona umfucumfucu ocebile ku-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium, okwenza kube umanyolo omuhle kakhulu enhlabathini yezolimo, okwandisa ukukhiqiza kwezitshalo ngokwemvelo.
Izinzuzo zama-Biodigester Ezweni lase-Argentina
E-Argentina, ama-biodigesters awaxazululi kuphela izinkinga zokulawulwa kwemfucuza ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, kodwa futhi anikeza uchungechunge lwezinzuzo ezibalulekile ezichaza ukuthandwa kwazo okukhulayo. Nazi ezinye zezinzuzo eziphawuleka kakhulu:
- Ukukhiqizwa kwe-biogas ukuze kusetshenziswe imisebenzi eminingi: Ngokusebenzisa udoti wezilwane nezitshalo, ama-biodigester akhiqiza i-biogas, engasetshenziselwa ukupheka, ukushisisa amakhaya ngisho nasekuphehleni ugesi omncane.
- Ukusimama kwemvelo: Ngokunciphisa inani lemfucuza yemvelo egcina ingenile ezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu noma ezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu, unciphisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa njenge-methane, enomthelela omkhulu ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-25 ekufudumaleni komhlaba uma kuqhathaniswa ne-CO2.
- Umanyolo wemvelo: I-byproduct ye-biodigester iyi-biofertilizer engabuyiselwa ensimini ukuze inothise inhlabathi yezolimo, kugwenywe ukusetshenziswa komanyolo wamakhemikhali.
- Ukuzimela kwamandla: Ezindaweni zasemaphandleni lapho ukufinyelela kukagesi kulinganiselwe noma kungekho khona, ama-biodigester anikeza umthombo onokwethenjelwa wamandla avuselelekayo.
Lezi zinzuzo ziye zaqashelwa kabanzi kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Emazweni afana neJalimane neBrazil, ukusetshenziswa kwe-biodigester kuthuthukiswe kakhulu ezindaweni zasemakhaya, ukukhiqiza ugesi, i-biogas kanye nomanyolo oshibhile onomthelela ekwenzeni ngcono ukuncintisana komkhakha wezolimo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-Biodigesters e-Argentina
E-Argentina, ama-biodigesters asetshenziswa kakhulu emapulazini obisi, amapulazi ezingulube kanye neminye imisebenzi yezolimo. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi zingaphezu kuka-50 izinhlelo zalolu hlobo kuleli ezisatshalaliswe ezifundazweni ezahlukene. Nokho, lesi sibalo siyaqhubeka nokwanda njengoba abakhiqizi beqaphela izinzuzo zezomnotho nezemvelo abazinikezayo.
Izindleko zokufakwa kwe-biodigester ziyahlukahluka kuye ngobukhulu namandla, kodwa ngokuvamile, isilinganiso sezindleko nenzuzo sihle kakhulu, ngoba izikhokhela ngokwaso eminyakeni embalwa ngenxa yokonga kokufakwa kwamandla kanye nomanyolo.
Izindaba Zempumelelo e-Argentina
Emadolobheni asemaphandleni like Los Pinos, idolobhana elincane elinabantu abangaba ngu-300, sekusungulwe imboni ye-biogas eguqula imfucuza yezolimo ibe amandla kanye nezivundisi eziphilayo. Lo mzamo ohlanganyelwe phakathi komphakathi, i-INTA, i-CONICET kanye ne-INTI ivumele i-biogas ekhiqizwayo ukuthi isetshenziselwe ukuhlinzeka ngogesi ezindaweni ezibucayi njengamaphampu amanzi okuphuza kanye nezibani zomphakathi.
Esinye isibonelo singatholakala ku I-Monje Agricultural and Livestock Cooperative esifundazweni sase-Santa Fe. Lo mfelandawonye usebenzisa i-biodigester efakwe ngo-2018 ukwelapha ukungcola okuvela epulazini lezingulube futhi iguqule ibe yi-biogas kanye nama-biofertilizers. I-biogas ikhiqize amandla enjini ephehla ugesi embonini kawoyela nezinye izinto zokusebenza ze co-op. Le biodigester nayo ibe negalelo ekunciphiseni kakhulu ukukhishwa kwe-methane esifundeni.
Isebenza kanjani i-Biodigester?
I-biodigester isebenza ngokubola kwe-anaerobic. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinto eziphilayo, njengemfucuza yezilwane (umquba) noma imfucuza yezitshalo (izinsalela zezitshalo), ziboliswa amagciwane endaweni engenawo umoya-mpilo. Le nqubo ikhiqiza i-biogas futhi ishiya uketshezi kanye ne-biofertilizer eqinile njengemfucuza.
Ukufakwa kwe-biodigester kuhlanganisa izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko:
- Igumbi lokugaya: Leli ithangi elivalwe nge-hermetically lapho udoti wemvelo ufakwa khona kanye namanzi ukuze kuqalwe inqubo yokubola.
- Igumbi lokugcina i-Biogas: Njengoba amagciwane ehlukanisa le ndaba, i-methane iyakhululwa futhi igcinwe ekamelweni eliphezulu ukuze isetshenziswe kamuva.
- Imiphumela ye-Biofertilizer: Ngemva kokuba inqubo yokugaya isiphelile, i-biofertilizer ikhishwa ku-biodigester ezosetshenziswa emikhakheni yezolimo.
Isikhathi esidingekayo ukukhiqiza i-biogas ngaphakathi kwe-biodigester singahluka kuye ngohlobo lwemfucuza esetshenzisiwe nezimo zokushisa, kodwa ngokuvamile kuthatha phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-15 nezingu-40.
Izinhlobo zama-Biodigester Ezweni lase-Argentina
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-biodigester afanele izinhlobo ezahlukene zemisebenzi yezolimo. Ezinye ezivame kakhulu yilezi:
- Ama-biodigester amancane: Lezi zilungele amapulazi omndeni noma izindawo zokuhlala ezincane. Amandla ayo angakhiqiza i-biogas eyanele ukupheka noma ukufudumeza.
- Ama-biodigester aphakathi nendawo namakhulu: Zisetshenziswa emapulazini emfuyo kanye namapulazi amakhulu obisi lapho ukukhiqizwa kwemfucuza yezilwane kuphezulu. Umthamo wayo uyivumela ukuthi ikhiqize amandla anele ukuze ifake amandla okufakwayo okukhudlwana, okufana nemishini kagesi namaphampu.
Ezindaweni ezifana nesifundazwe saseBuenos Aires, i-Entre Ríos ne-Santa Fe, amapulazi amaningi ezingulube asevele asebenzisa ama-biodigester ngezinga elikhulu. Endabeni yokuchanyuselwa komama abangaphezu kuka-1000, njengaseMarcos Paz, amandla akhiqizwa nge-biogas anele ukunika amandla sonke lesi sikhungo.
Umthelela wendawo
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-biodigester nakho kunomthelela omkhulu emvelweni. Lezi zinhlelo ziboniswe ukuthi zinciphisa kakhulu ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, ikakhulukazi i-methane, ekhishwa ngobuningi ngokubola imfucumfucu yemvelo uma ifakwe ezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu noma emachibini avulekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuphatha kahle imfucuza, banomthelela ekwenzeni ngcono izinga lomoya namanzi ezindaweni zasemakhaya, ukunciphisa ukwanda kwezinambuzane eziwuhlupho kanye nokugwema ukungcoliswa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba ane-leachate.
Okokugcina, ukusetshenziswa kwama-biofertilizers kukhiqiza umjikelezo omuhle kwezolimo, kunciphisa ukuncika kumanyolo wamakhemikhali futhi kukhuthaze imikhuba yenhlabathi esimeme kakhudlwana.
Sekukonke, ama-biodigester e-Argentina adlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni ezolimo esimeme kakhudlwana kuyilapho ehlinzeka ngezixazululo ezingokoqobo ezindaweni zasemakhaya ezicindezelwa amandla. Ngokusekelwa okufanele, kokubili mayelana nezimali kanye nezinqubomgomo zomphakathi, lobu buchwepheshe bungaba ukhiye ekufinyeleleni izinjongo ezibanzi zokusimama nokuzimela emkhakheni wezolimo wezwe.