Eposini lethu eledlule, sikhulume ngakho amandla we-biomass. Kuyo sihlola yonke into kusukela kulokho okuyiyo, ukuthi isebenza kanjani nokuthi ivela kuphi kuya ebuhleni nasebubini balo mthombo wamandla. Sikhulume kancane ngama-boilers we-biomass, kodwa asizange singene emininingwaneni ngenjongo yokubhekana nawo ngokujulile kulesi sihloko.
Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, sizongena hhayi nje kuphela ama-boilers ahlukahlukene, kepha naku impikiswano yebhalansi ye-CO2 okuvela lapho kuhlaziywa i-biomass njengomthombo wamandla ahlanzekile.
Ayini ama-biomass boilers?
Ama-boilers e-biomass amathuluzi avumela amandla aqukethwe ku-biomass ukuthi asetshenziselwe khiqiza ukushisa okufudumeza namanzi ashisayo asekhaya ezindlini nasemabhilidini. Basebenza ngokushisa izinto zemvelaphi yemvelo, njengamapulangwe ezinkuni, imigodi yomnqumo, imfucuza yamahlathi, amagobolondo amantongomane, phakathi kokunye.
Umgomo wokusebenza kwe-boiler ye-biomass awuhlukani kakhulu nangokwesiko. Kuzo, uphethiloli ovela ku-biomass uyashiswa, okukhiqiza ilangabi elishisisa umjikelezo wamanzi. La manzi ashisayo asakazwa ngesistimu yokufudumeza noma ukufudumeza kwamanzi ekhaya. Ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle, kunconywa ukufaka i-accumulator egcina ukushisa okukhiqizwayo, ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngendlela efanayo nezinhlelo zamandla elanga.
Ukwengeza, ama-boilers e-biomass adinga isitsha noma isisele lapho uphethiloli ugcinwa khona. Ukusuka lapho, ithuthelwa kumshini wokushisa noma nge- igiya lezikelemu noma uhlelo lokumunca. Ngemva kokusha, umlotha ovelayo uqoqa ku-ashtray, okumele ihlanzwe izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka ukugwema ukugcwala.
Izinhlobo zama-biomass boilers
Lapho uthenga i-boiler ye-biomass, kubalulekile ukuqonda uhlobo lukaphethiloli ongalusebenzisa kanye nezidingo zokulondoloza. Kukhona ezahlukene izinhlobo zama-boilers we-biomass kuye ngokuthi uphethiloli abawuphethe kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe.
Amanye ama-boilers avumela ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha ahlukene, kanti amanye, njengama-boilers we-pellet, Bavumela uhlobo olulodwa lukaphethiloli. Ezakuqala zifaneleka kakhulu izinsiza zezimboni, uma kubhekwa ukuthi zibamba amanani amakhulu kaphethiloli futhi zinamandla amakhulu okugcina.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-boilers e-pellet avame kakhulu endaweni yokuhlala futhi ane amandla anele ezindlini ezinobukhulu obuphakathi, ukuhlinzeka ngokushisisa namanzi ashisayo asekhaya ezindaweni ezifika ku-500 m².
Ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-biomass kanye nenani lomswakama eliqukethe, lawa ma-boilers angaba nokusebenza kahle okuguquguqukayo. abanye bayafinyelela ukusebenza kahle kusondele ku-105%, okumele ukonga uphethiloli kufika ku-12%. Umswakama wamafutha uyisici esibalulekile, njengoba kuthonya ngokuqondile ukusebenza kwe-boiler.
- Ama-boilers omile: Zine-inertia ephansi eshisayo futhi zigcina ilangabi elinamandla elifinyelela emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kakhulu, elikwazi ngisho nokucwebezela i-slag ewumphumela.
- Ama-boilers wamafutha amanzi: Idizayini yayo ivumela amafutha anomswakama ophezulu ukuba ashiswe ngenxa ye-inertia enkulu yokushisa. Lawa ma-boilers aklanyelwe ukomisa uphethiloli ngaphambi kwe-gasification yawo kanye ne-oxidation ephelele, ukugwema ukwakheka kwentuthu emnyama.
Ama-pellet boilers-imigodi yeminqumo
Phakathi kwama-boilers asebenzisa ama-pellets njengamafutha, sithola izinhlobo eziningana ezenzelwe ukusetshenziswa okuhlukile namandla.
Modular pellet biomass kubhayela
Lawa mamodeli enzelwe ukufakwa ngamandla anobubanzi phakathi kuka-91 kW kanye no-132 kW, okungcono ukusebenzisa ama-pine pellets njengamafutha. Zenzelwe ukusebenza ku-cascade futhi zivumela ukusetshenziswa kahle kukaphethiloli ngenxa izinhlelo ze-aspiration kanye nama-reserve tanks.
Esinye sezici eziphawuleka kakhulu zale boilers ukuthi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ngokwehlisa izinga lokushisa lamagesi avuthayo, futhi ifinyelela ukusebenza kahle okungafika ku-95%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ifakwe uhlelo lokuhlanza oluzenzakalelayo kokubili kokushisa kanye ne-ashtray, okunciphisa isidingo sokungenelela ngesandla.
Izinkuni zokubilisa
Ama-boilers we-biomass nawo angasebenzisa izingodo zokubasa njengamafutha. Lezi zinhlobo zama-boilers zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zasemaphandleni noma ezindlini ezikwazi ukufinyelela kalula ezintweni zokhuni.
Ukusebenza okuphezulu kwe-boiler boiler
Lolu hlobo lwebhayela lususelwe kubuchwepheshe bokufaka igesi yamalangabi ehlanekezelwe. Ayatholakala ngezinguqulo ze 20, 30 kanye 40 kW, futhi inzuzo yabo eyinhloko ukuthi bazuza ukonga kwamandla ka-92%, okudlula kude ama-80% adingwa yimithetho yamanje.
Izinzuzo zalolu hlobo lwama-boilers zihlanganisa:
- Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla aphezulu ngokusebenzisa uphethiloli ngendlela efanele.
- Ukushaja ukuzimela kuze kufike emahoreni ayisikhombisa, okunciphisa imvamisa yokulayisha izinkuni.
- Ukushintshwa kwe-elekthronikhi elungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo amandla akhiqizwe ngokwesidingo.
- Ukufakwa kwe-a uhlelo lokuphepha olushisa kakhulu, eqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okuthembekile nokuphephile.
Izinzuzo zama-boilers we-biomass
Phakathi kwezinzuzo eziyinhloko zokufaka i-boiler ye-biomass, i intengo ephansi ye-biomass uma kuqhathaniswa nezibaseli ezimbiwa phansi. Njengoba ingaxhumene nezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe, intengo yayo izinzile futhi inokuncintisana. Ukwengeza, izinsiza ze-biomass zivame ukuba ezendawo, okunciphisa izindleko zokuhamba.
Obunye ubuhle bayo obukhulu ukuthi ubuchwepheshe be-biomass buphephile futhi busebenza kahle. Ama-boilers wamanje we-biomass, ikakhulukazi lawo asebenzisa ama-pellets, asebenza kahle kakhulu ku-90%, okwenza le nketho ibe enye indlela enenzuzo nevuselelekayo.
Okokugcina, kufanele siveze ukuthi ama-boilers we-biomass asebenzisa a amandla ahlanzekile futhi angapheli. Nakuba ekhipha isikhutha (CO2) ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwawo, lokhu akuthathi hlangothi ngoba i-biomass ngaphambilini yamunca lelo nani le-CO2 phakathi nokukhula kwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwe-biomass kunomthelela ekuhlanzeni amahlathi, okusiza ekuvimbeleni ukusha kwehlathi.
Okubi ngamabilisi we-biomass
Kodwa-ke, ama-boilers we-biomass awaphelele. Bane-a inani eliphansi lokushisisa uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-fossil fuels. Isibonelo, ama-pellets anenani elilinganiselwa kuhhafu le-calorific likadizili, okuhumusheka esidingweni sokusebenzisa uphethiloli owengeziwe ukuze kukhiqizwe inani elilinganayo lamandla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcinwa kwe-biomass, njengama-pellets, kuvame ukudinga izindawo zokugcina ezinkulu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuba nesisele se-pellet eduze lapho kugcinwa khona uphethiloli isikhathi eside.
Impikiswano yebhalansi ye-CO2 kumandla we-biomass
Enye yezindaba eziphikiswana ngayo kakhulu mayelana ne-biomass energy iyona Ibhalansi ye-CO2. Ngenxa yokuthi i-biomass evuthayo ihilela ukukhipha i-carbon dioxide emkhathini, umbuzo uphakama ngokuthi ingabe le nqubo ingcono ngempela endaweni ezungezile uma iqhathaniswa nezibaseli ezimbiwa phansi.
Impendulo ilele eqinisweni lokuthi, kuyilapho izitshalo, izihlahla noma ezinye imifino zikhula, amunca i-CO2 ekhona emkhathini ngenqubo ye-photosynthesis. Leso samba se-CO2 yisona esikhishwayo lapho kushiswa i-biomass, okwenza kube ne-carbon balance engathathi hlangothi, okungukuthi, ayifaki isandla ekwandeni kwe-CO2 emkhathini kanye nomphumela we-greenhouse, njengoba kwenza izinto ezimbiwa phansi.
Nakuba kunezikhundla ezibucayi ezithi le bhalansi ayiphelele kangako, iqiniso liwukuthi, ngokungafani nalokho okwenzeka ngezibaseli ezimbiwa phansi, I-CO2 ekhishwe yi-biomass Ingowomjikelezo wamanje webhayoloji, kuyilapho ikhabhoni evela kumafutha ensalela phansi yathathwa futhi yagcinwa izigidi zeminyaka ngaphansi komhlaba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-biomass ingasiza ekunciphiseni ukungcola okuhlobene nezokuthutha, njengoba kuyinsiza yendawo egwema isidingo sohambo olude lukaphethiloli, okubuye kube nomthelela omuhle ebhalansi yemvelo.
Ngokufunda konke lokhu ngokujula, singasho ukuthi i-biomass ingumthombo wamandla avuselelekayo, okuthi, nakuba ungaziwa kangako, ungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi kanye nokugcina imvelo.
okungaba amandla afaneleka kakhulu okushintsha ubhayela we-diesel ufake i-biomass uma kubhekwa indawo ehlala i-biomass kanye nemodi yokuphakelayo ezenzakalelayo yebhayela