Konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana hydroponics: izinzuzo kanye nezinhlobo izinhlelo

I-Hydroponics Kuyindlela osekungamakhulu eminyaka ikhona, kodwa iye yazuza ukuthandwa eminyakeni yamuva ngenxa yekhono layo lokutshala izitshalo ezindaweni ezincane, ngezinsiza ezimbalwa futhi ngaphandle kwesidingo senhlabathi yokulima. Njengoba umhlabathi uwohloka futhi nemithombo yamanzi iya ishoda, lo mkhuba wezolimo uzibonakalisa njengesixazululo esisebenzayo nesimeme sokondla inani labantu elandayo. Ukwazi izici, izinzuzo kanye nezinhlobo ze-hydroponics kuzosisiza siqonde kangcono umthelela wayo kwezolimo zesimanje.

Kuyini i-hydroponics?

La hydroponics indlela yokukhula esebenzisa izixazululo zamaminerali esikhundleni senhlabathi yokukhula kwezitshalo. Esikhundleni sokuthola izakhi zawo emhlabathini, imifino ithola ingxube yamanzi kanye nomanyolo oncibilikisiwe oqukethe zonke izakhi ezidingekayo ekuthuthukisweni kwazo.

Lolu hlelo luvumela izitshalo ukuthi zikhule emithonjeni ye-inert efana netshe, i-perlite noma isihlabathi, noma ngaphandle kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-substrate, njengoba izimpande zazo zithola isisombululo sezakhi ngokuqondile. Le ndlela ivumela isitshalo ukuthi sithole umsoco ngokuphumelelayo, kube lula ukukhula okushesha futhi okuphumelelayo uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela ezivamile zokulima.

Izici ze-Hydroponics

Uma sisebenzisa i-hydroponics, izimpande zezitshalo zithintana nesisombululo samanzi esicebile izakhi ezilinganayo. Lokhu kuqeda isidingo senhlabathi, njengoba izitshalo zikwazi ukumunca ngokuqondile amaminerali abalulekile eziwadingayo ukuze zikhule.

Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, inhlabathi isebenza njengendawo yokugcina izakhi, kodwa inhlabathi ayidingeki ngempela inqobo nje uma izitshalo zithola imisoco eyanele ngendlela encibilikiswe emanzini. Lokhu kwatholwa ososayensi ekhulwini le-19, okwavula iminyango yokuthuthukiswa kwezolimo ezingenamhlaba.

Ngaphakathi kwezinhlelo ze-hydroponic, izitshalo zivame ukutshalwa emithonjeni ye-inert efana netshe, i-perlite, i-pumice, noma isihlabathi, ehlinzeka ngokusekela ngokomzimba ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukumuncwa kwezakhi. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka futhi ukutshala izitshalo ngqo emanzini, njengoba sizobona kamuva ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezinhlelo ze-hydroponic.

I-Hydroponics isebenzisa

Ukulima nge-Hydroponic kubaluleke kakhulu emazweni anesimo sezulu esibi noma lapho inhlabathi iyindlala noma ingafaneleki ukulima kwendabuko. Ezifundeni eziningi lapho umhlabathi ungcolile, wonakalisiwe noma ungavundile ngokwanele, i-hydroponics isiphenduke inketho esebenzayo yokukhiqiza ukudla.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hydroponics isetshenziswe ngempumelelo ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, lapho isikhala silinganiselwe futhi kungenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukusebenzisa inhlabathi yekhwalithi. Ngalo mqondo, kungenzeka ukufaka izinhlelo ze-hydroponic zasekhaya kuma-balcony, amathafa kanye nama-patios, okuvumela ukutshalwa kokudla okusha unyaka wonke.

Esinye sezicelo ezinhle kakhulu ze-hydroponics kusembonini yokudla enkulu. Ukulima kwe-Hydroponic ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo kunikeza inzuzo yokukhiqiza ukudla ngamanani amakhulu kanye nokusetshenziswa okuncane kwemithombo yamanzi, ikakhulukazi uma kuqhathaniswa nezolimo zendabuko.

Ukuhlukaniswa nezinzuzo ezinikezwa yi-hydroponics

I-Hydroponics ingahlukaniswa ngamasistimu amabili amakhulu:

• Vula amasistimu: Kulokhu, isixazululo semisoco esondla izitshalo asiphinda sisetshenziswe futhi siyalahlwa ngemva kokuphakela izitshalo.
• amasistimu avaliwe: Baphinde basebenzise isixazululo sezakhi, okuvumela ukusebenza kahle okukhulu kanye nomthelela omncane kwezemvelo. Lolu hlobo lwesistimu luzinzile kakhulu esikhathini eside.

Ngokuphathelene nezinzuzo ze-hydroponics, okulandelayo kuyagqama:

• Isebenzisa amanzi amancane kunezolimo zendabuko: Ku-hydroponics, amanzi asetshenziswa kabusha ohlelweni lonke, okuvumela ukongiwa okungafika ku-90% wale nsiza.
• Ukusetshenziswa okuncane kwama-herbicides: Njengoba kungekho ukuxhumana nomhlabathi, akudingekile ukusebenzisa ama-herbicides ukulwa nokhula.
• Ukulawulwa okukhulu kwezakhamzimba: Abalimi bangakwazi ukulawula inani eliqondile kanye nohlobo lwemisoco etholwa yizitshalo, ngaleyo ndlela bakhulise ukukhula.
• Ukukhiqiza okusheshayo: Umjikelezo wokukhula mfishane ngenxa yokufinyelela okuqondile kwezimpande kumisoco.
• Inika amandla izitshalo eziqondile: Ezindaweni ezincane noma ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, zivumela ukufakwa okuqondile okukhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwendawo.

Ukusetshenziswa kweziqukathi

Muva nje, ukusetshenziswa iziqukathi ukufakwa kwezinhlelo ze-hydroponic. Lezi zitsha zivumela ukuguquguquka okukhulu nokuphatheka, okuzenza zilungele izindawo zasemadolobheni noma izindawo lapho umhlaba ovundile unomkhawulo.

Iziqukathi ze-Hydroponic zingafakwa ezikhaleni ezincane futhi, ngenxa yomklamo wazo we-modular, kungenzeka ukukhula Amayunithi aphindwe izikhathi ezingama-80 kunezolimo zendabuko endaweni efanayo. Ukwengeza, lezi zinhlobo zezinsiza zingathuthukiswa ukuze zisebenzise amanzi amancane kunama-hydroponics ajwayelekile, ngokonga kufika ku-90% uma kuqhathaniswa nezolimo ezivamile.

Leli khono lokukhulisa ukukhiqizwa ezindaweni ezincane kanye nokusetshenziswa okuncane kwezinsiza lenze ama-containerized hydroponics abe yinketho esebenzayo yokuthuthukisa ukuvikeleka kokudla ezindaweni zasemadolobheni.

Izinhlobo zezinhlelo ze-hydroponic

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinhlelo ze-hydroponics, ngayinye enezici ezizenza zifanele izitshalo nezimo ezihlukahlukene. Phakathi kwezisetshenziswa kakhulu, singagqamisa:

1. Isistimu yezimpande ezintantayo: Izitshalo zintanta eshidini lamanzi lapho imisoco edingekayo ichithwa khona.
2. Uhlelo lwe-NFT (Isu Lefilimu Yomsoco): Isixazululo somsoco sigeleza ngokuqhubekayo phezu kwezimpande zezitshalo, ezitholakala eziteshini ezithambekele.
3. I-Aeroponics: Izimpande zezitshalo zilengiswa emoyeni bese zifafazwa ngenkungu enhle yemisoco.
4. Uhlelo lokutshala ama-Wick: Intambo isetshenziselwa ukudlulisa imisoco esuka endaweni yokugcina amanzi iye ezimpandeni zezitshalo.

Ngayinye yalezi zinhlelo inezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lwezitshalo, isimo sezulu nendawo etholakalayo, kodwa zonke zithuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza, ikakhulukazi amanzi nomanyolo.

Ngokukhula kwesidingo sokudla kanye nokwehla komhlaba olimekayo, izinhlelo ze-hydroponic zethulwa njengesixazululo esisha esingavumeli nje kuphela ukusetshenziswa kahle kwezinsiza, kodwa futhi sikhuthaze ukusimama ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo. Ukuba lula kokulawula okokufaka kanye nezimo kwenza isivuno sezitshalo sibikezeleke kakhulu futhi sibe seqophelweni eliphezulu.