Amabhethri e-lithium angamadivayisi aphathekayo okugcina amandla asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni eziningi ezahlukene, kusukela kumakhalekhukhwini kuya ezimotweni zikagesi. Ukuthandwa kwabo kungenxa yokuqina kwamandla aphezulu, okusho ukuthi bangagcina inani elikhulu lamandla uma kuqhathaniswa nobukhulu nesisindo sabo. Kodwa omunye wemibuzo evame kakhulu ukuthi,Ingabe amabhethri e-lithium angasetshenziswa kabusha? Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela uma amabhethri e-lithium angasetshenziswa kabusha, ukuthi angaphinda asetshenziswe kanjani, izindleko zawo, izinqubo zamanje kanye nentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo ekusimameni.
Ukusebenza kwebhethri ye-lithium
Amabhethri e-lithium asebenza ngenxa yesakhiwo sawo sangaphakathi. Aqukethe iseli elilodwa noma amaningi, ngalinye lakhiwe izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko: i-anode (i-electrode engalungile), i-cathode (i-electrode enhle), ne-electrolyte. I-anode ngokuvamile yenziwe nge-graphite, i-cathode ye-lithium cobalt oxide, futhi i-electrolyte iyisisombululo esivumela ukugeleza kwe-lithium ion phakathi kwama-electrode. Lapho ibhethri lishajwa, i-lithium ion isuka ku-cathode iye ku-anode nge-electrolyte, iqhutshwa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali. Ngesikhathi sokukhishwa, ama-ion abuyela ku-cathode, akhiqize amandla kagesi anika amandla amadivaysi kagesi noma ama-motor kagesi.
Umthamo webhethri le-lithium ulinganiswa ngamahora angu-milliampere (mAh)., okunquma ukuthi angakanani amandla engawagcina. Uhlelo lokuphatha impahla lubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphephile nokwelula impilo yesevisi.
Kwenzekani lapho amabhethri e-lithium efinyelela ekupheleni kokusebenza kwawo?
Lapho amabhethri e-lithium efinyelela ekupheleni kwempilo yawo ewusizo, ukuphatha ngendlela efanele kubalulekile. Uma zingalahlwanga kahle, izithako zamakhemikhali nezinsimbi ezisindayo zingadala umthelela omkhulu kwezemvelo. Amabhethri e-lithium aqukethe, phakathi kokunye, i-lithium, i-cobalt ne-nickel, zonke izinto ezibalulekile ezingakhishwa futhi zisetshenziswe kabusha. Kodwa-ke, iphesenti elincane kuphela lalawa mabhethri asetshenziswa kabusha okwamanje.
Umnotho oyindilinga iphakamisa ukuhlanganisa kabusha lezi zinto kumabhethri amasha, igwema isidingo sokukhipha izinto zokusetshenziswa ezengeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo samabhethri e-lithium siyaqhubeka sikhula, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokukhuphuka kwezimoto zikagesi, okwandisa isidingo sokuthuthukisa ukugaywa kabusha.
Inqubo yokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium
Kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri e-lithium, futhi izinqubo ezimbili ezivame kakhulu ukugaywa kabusha ngokomzimba namakhemikhali. Ngezansi, sichaza lezi zinqubo:
1. Izinqubo zomzimba: Kulolu hlobo lokugaywa kabusha, amabhethri ayachotshozwa futhi izingxenye ezihlukene, njengensimbi nepulasitiki, zihlukaniswa kusetshenziswa amasu okuntanta nokuhlukanisa kazibuthe. Lokhu kuvumela izinto ezifana nethusi, i-aluminium nensimbi ukuthi ziphinde zitholakale, ezingasetshenziswa kabusha kalula.
2. Izinqubo zamakhemikhali: Izinsimbi ezikhona kumabhethri, njenge-lithium, i-cobalt ne-nickel, zitholwa ngezinqubo zamakhemikhali ezihlanganisa ukuvuza kanye nemvula. Lezi zinqubo zenza kube nokwenzeka ukubuyisela izingxenye ezibalulekile zokwakhiwa kwamabhethri amasha. Nakuba le ndlela ibiza kakhulu, iphumelela kakhulu ekubuyiseleni izinsimbi ezibalulekile.
Izindleko nokusebenza kwezomnotho kokugaywa kabusha
Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ngokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium ukuthi le nqubo okwamanje ayinayo inzuzo yezomnotho kuzo zonke izimo. Ukubuyiswa kwezinto ezifana ne-cobalt kuyathandeka ngenxa yentengo yayo yemakethe, kodwa ezinye izinsimbi ezichichimayo njenge-lithium ne-aluminium azizisekeli izindleko zokugaywa kabusha. Njengoba amabhethri engeziwe eqeda umjikelezo wokuphila kwawo, ukugaywa kabusha kuzosebenza ngokwezomnotho njengoba inani lezinto ezingavuthiwe ezingatholwa ngesilinganiso sezimboni lizokhula.
Ukubaluleka komthetho ekuphathweni kwamabhethri e-lithium
Imithetho idlala indima ebalulekile ekugayweni kabusha kwamabhethri e-lithium. I-European Union, ngokwesibonelo, isivele isiyisebenzisile Isimemezelo Sasebukhosini 106/2008, okuphoqa abakhiqizi bebhethri ukuthi babe nesibopho sokuvuselela ingxenye elingana naleyo abayibeka emakethe. Iphinde isungule imigomo yokubuyisela izinto ezibonakalayo, njengokutholwa kwe-lithium okungu-50% ngo-2027. Lolu hlobo lomthetho lukhuthaza umthwalo omkhulu ekulawuleni udoti futhi lukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlela ezintsha zokuvuselela kabusha.
Ubuchwepheshe obusha kanye nekusasa lokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium
Ukugaywa kabusha okuqondile, okwaziwa ngokuthi «Direct recycling», ubuchwepheshe obuvelayo obuthembisa ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokugaya kabusha, ukugwema isidingo sokuguqula izinto zibe "inqwaba emnyama" bese uzicwenga futhi. Le nqubo ihlose ukunciphisa kakhulu imfucuza kanye nezindleko zamandla zokugaywa kabusha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lwenziwa kubuchwepheshe obusekelwe ku-biometallurgy, obungavumela ukusetshenziswa kwamagciwane ukubuyisela izinsimbi ezikhona kumabhethri e-lithium ngendlela engokwemvelo.
Impilo yesibili yamabhethri e-lithium
Isixazululo esihambisanayo sokugaywa kabusha yi ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri empilweni yesibili. Amabhethri angasafanele ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni zikagesi angasetshenziswa kabusha ezindaweni zokugcina amandla, njengasezitshalweni ze-photovoltaic noma izinhlelo zokugcina ekhaya. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kabusha kunweba impilo yebhethri futhi kunciphisa umthelela wayo kwezemvelo, ngaphambi kokuthi ekugcineni igaywe kabusha. Isu elisebenzayo lokuphatha inani elikhulayo lamabhethri azofika ekupheleni kwempilo yawo yokusebenziseka maduze lihlanganisa ukuhlanganisa kokubili ukuvuselela kanye nempilo yesibili yamabhethri.
Lokhu kuzokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza futhi kunciphise umthelela wendawo. Ngiyethemba ukuthi manje usunombono ocacile mayelana nenqubo yokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium kanye nemizamo eyenziwayo ukuze isebenze ngokuqhubekayo futhi ibe nemvelo. Ikusasa lokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri lincike ekusunguleni okusha njalo nokuzibophezela kwabo bonke abalingisi abahililekile ekuhlinzekeni nasekusetshenzisweni. Ukugaywa kabusha kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwalawa mabhethri akusona nje isidingo sezomnotho, kodwa futhi kuyisibopho esingenakugwenywa sendawo ezungezile.