Esimeni samanje, ukuphehlwa kukagesi sekuyisidingo esikhona ngenxa yesidingo esikhulayo somhlaba wonke. Ngenhlanhla, kunemithombo ehlukahlukene yamandla, eminingi yayo evuselelekayo, okungukuthi, ayichithi imithombo yemvelo futhi inikeze enye indlela ehlanzekile kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi. Phakathi kwabo kugqama amandla ashukumisayo olwandle, indlela yokusebenzisa ngokunenzuzo ukuhamba kwamagagasi ukuze kuphehle ugesi.
Lesi sihloko sihlola ngokuningiliziwe izici, ukusebenza kanye nokufaneleka kwalobu buchwepheshe obuvelayo obungashintsha indlela esikhiqiza ngayo amandla. Sizophinde sihlole izinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi, kanye nokusebenza kwayo sekukonke.
Umbono wamandla
Okwamanje, i i-petroleum Isaqhubeka nokuba umthombo oyinhloko wamandla omhlaba, asetshenziswa kokubili ukukhiqiza uphethiloli nokukhiqiza imikhiqizo esuselwe. Nokho, ukuxhashazwa kwawo kunenkinga enkulu: uwoyela uwumthombo ongavuseleleki. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma isiphelile, ngeke kwenzeke ukuyikhiqiza kabusha izigidi zeminyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kakhulu kudala ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, okuyimbangela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Ngakho-ke, amandla avuselelekayo Badonsa ukunaka kososayensi, izinkampani kanye nohulumeni emhlabeni wonke. Lawa mandla atholakala emithonjeni, ngokungafani nezibaseli ezimbiwa phansi, ezingaqediwe ngokusetshenziswa kwazo. Phakathi kwabo kugqama Amandla wamanzi olwandle, esebenzisa ngokunenzuzo ukuhamba kwamagagasi ukuze kuphehle ugesi. Ngale ndlela, kunikezwa umthombo wamandla ohlanzekile noqhubekayo.
Ukusebenza kwamandla olwandle
Isici esiyinhloko se- Amandla wamanzi olwandle Kuwukuncika kwawo ekuhambeni kwamanzi. Ngokungafani neminye imithombo yamandla njengelanga noma umoya, amandla olwandle anikeza ukubikezelwa okuyingqayizivele: imijikelezo yamaza ingabalwa ngokunemba okukhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amandla olwandle angahlinzeka ngokugeleza kukagesi okuzinzile nokubikezelwa.
Kukhona amandla amabili amakhulu abangela amagagasi: ukudonselana kwamandla adonsela phansi Sol futhi i Luna Emhlabeni. Ikakhulukazi, iNyanga idlala indima ebalulekile, njengoba ukusondela kwayo eMhlabeni kudala amandla amakhulu okukhanga emanzini ezindaweni ezisogwini. Ukwehluka kobukhulu balokhu kukhanga kubangela amagagasi aphezulu naphansi, anyakaze amanzi amaningi angasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza amandla.
Ukuze usebenzise leli thuba, izinsiza zamandla olwandle zifakwa imifula ejulile, imilomo noma amachweba. Kulezi zindawo, umehluko wezinga lamanzi ngesikhathi samagagasi aphezulu naphansi ungasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza ugesi ngama-hydraulic turbines.
Amandla ashukumisayo olwandle
Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa amandla olwandle:
- Ijeneretha yamanje ye-Tidal: Lolu hlelo lusebenzisa amandla e-kinetic wamanzi anyakazayo ukuze ajikeleze ama-turbines, afana kakhulu nendlela izinjini zomoya ezisebenza ngayo kumandla omoya. Le ndlela ayihlaseli futhi ishibhile kunendlela evamile.
- Idamu lamanzi: Amadamu ama-tidal asebenzisa amandla angaba khona agcinwe kumehluko wobude phakathi kwamagagasi aphezulu naphansi. Lolu hlelo, nakuba lusebenza kahle, ludinga ingqalasizinda enkulu futhi lunomthelela omkhulu emvelweni.
- I-Tidal dynamics noma i-dynamic tidal energy: Lobu ubuchwepheshe bethiyori kunobuchwepheshe obusebenzayo, kodwa bunamandla amakhulu. Iqukethe ukwakha amadamu amakhulu, amakhilomitha angama-30 kuya kwangama-50 ubude, ukusuka ogwini ukuya olwandle. La madamu ayezodala umehluko ezingeni lamanzi, okubangele imisinga eyayizosetshenziswa ukuhambisa izinjini zomoya.
Izinzuzo nobubi bamandla ashukumisayo olwandle
Njenganoma yimuphi umthombo wamandla, amandla olwandle aguqukayo anezinzuzo kanye nokubi:
Ventajas:
- Kuyinto a umthombo wamandla ovuselelekayo: Amagagasi awasoze aphela, ngakho lokhu kuwumthombo wamandla ongashi.
- Ine- umthelela ophansi kwezemvelo ngokwezinto ezikhishwayo: ngokungafani namandla enuzi noma ama-hydrocarbon, ayikhiqizi izinto ezinobuthi noma amagesi angcolisayo.
- La ugesi okhiqizwayo uyabikezelwa: Ngokwazi imijikelezo yamaza, kungenzeka ukubikezela ngokuqondile ukuthi la mandla azotholakala nini.
Izinkinga:
- Su ukusebenza kahle kuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo njengelanga noma umoya.
- Izinsiza zine-a izindleko zokwakha eziphezulu kanye nokunakekelwa, okuvimbela ukusebenza kwayo ezifundeni eziningi.
- kungaba a umthelela omkhulu kuma-ecosystems olwandle, ezithinta izilwane nezitshalo zendawo.
Tidal Energy Case Studies
Emhlabeni wonke, sekunamaphrojekthi amaningana asebenzisa amandla olwandle. Nakuba lobu buchwepheshe busaqala, bubonakale buyindlela esebenzayo ezindaweni ezinezimo ezivumayo. Amanye amaphrojekthi aphawuleka kakhulu afaka:
- La Rance Central (I-France): yavulwa ngo-1966, ingelinye lamandla amakhulu kunawo wonke afakiwe emhlabeni, ikhiqiza i-240 MW.
- ISihwa Lake Central (ENingizimu Korea): Isikhungo sokuphehla ugesi esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, esinamandla angama-254 MW, savulwa ngo-2011.
- Iphrojekthi ye-Swansea Tidal Lagoon (E-United Kingdom): Inhloso yawo ukukhiqiza ngaphezu kuka-320 MW, kodwa kusesesigabeni sokuhlela.
Ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zitshalo ezindaweni ezinjalo kubonise ukuthi, ngokutshalwa kwezimali okufanele, amandla olwandle angaba enye indlela ethembekile kwezinye izinhlobo zamandla avuselelekayo.
Ngalolu lwazi, kuyacaca ukuthi amandla olwandle aguquguqukayo, nakuba asesesigabeni sethiyori ezimweni eziningi, anamandla amakhulu okuba umthombo wamandla ofanele emashumini eminyaka ezayo.