Amandla avuselelekayo eSpain aya ngokuya emakethe kancane kancane, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezinyathelo ezivunyelwe uHulumeni. Phakathi kwabo, amandla okushisa elanga abonise intuthuko enkulu, esiza ukumboza cishe I-4% yazo zonke izidingo zikagesi eSpain ngesikhathi sasehlobo. Le datha ishicilelwe yi-Protermosolar, inhlangano emele umkhakha wamandla elanga we-thermoelectric waseSpain. NgoJuni, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla ashisayo elanga kukwazile ukumboza u-4,4% wesidingo esiphelele, kwafinyelela irekhodi ngoJuni 19 lapho u-9,4% wazo zonke izidingo zezwe zahlanganiswa.
Izinsiza eSpain
Njengamanje, eSpain kunezitshalo ezingama-50 ezishisayo zelanga ezinamandla afakiwe 2.300 megawatts (MW), okusibeka endaweni yokuqala emhlabeni endaweni efakiwe. Lezi zitshalo ezishisayo ezisebenzisa ilanga zibe zibalulekile ekukhiqizeni ugesi ovuselelekayo, zibe negalelo elingu-4,4% ngoJuni, u-4% ngoJulayi no-Agasti, kanye no-3,1% ngoSepthemba, izibalo eziqhathaniswa nokukhiqizwa kwe-photovoltaic. Nakuba i-photovoltaics inamandla aphindwe kabili afakiwe, i-solar thermal inxephezela umthamo wayo wokugcina amandla. Iningi lezitshalo ezishisayo zelanga eSpain ziphethwe izinkampani ezivelele njenge-Abengoa, Elecnor noma iCobra Group. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Protermosolar igqamisa ukuthi izitshalo zikagesi ezinezinhlelo zokugcina ezishisayo bezibalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala ebusuku, zikhiqiza ngaphezu kuka-700 MW kusukela ekushoneni kwelanga kuze kube yihora lesihlanu ekuseni.
Amandla okushisa elanga asebenza kanjani
Amandla ashisayo elanga adinga ukugcwala kwemisebe yelanga oketshezini olushisisayo ukuze kukhiqizwe isitimu. Lesi sitimu sinyakazisa i-turbine exhunywe kujeneretha ekhiqiza ugesi, okuvumela amandla ukuba afakwe kugridi kagesi. Ngokungafani namandla e-photovoltaic aguqula ngokuqondile ukukhanya kwelanga kube ugesi, amandla okushisa elanga adinga lesi sinyathelo esiphakathi, esivumela futhi ukuthi sigcine amandla ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zikasawoti ezishisayo. Lawa masistimu okugcina abonisa inzuzo ye-solar thermal ngaphezu kwamanye amandla avuselelekayo, njengoba angaqhubeka ekhiqiza ugesi ebusuku noma ngezikhathi zamafu.
Izinhlobo zezitshalo ezishisayo zelanga
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezitshalo ezishisayo zelanga kuye ngobuchwepheshe obusetshenzisiwe:
- Iziteshi ze-Parabolic: Basebenzisa izibuko ze-parabolic cylindrical ezigxilisa imisebe yelanga ibe uketshezi oludlulisa ukushisa. Le nqubo ivame kakhulu eSpain.
- Ama-Heliostats anomamukeli embhoshongweni omaphakathi: Lobu buchwepheshe busebenzisa izibuko eziyisicaba ezihambayo ezibonisa imisebe ngasesamukeli esimaphakathi esisembhoshongweni.
- Izibonisi ze-Linear Fresnel: Isebenzisa izibuko eziyisicaba esikhundleni se-parabolic, enciphisa izindleko futhi ithuthukise ukufinyeleleka kobuchwepheshe.
- Ukuxubha izitsha ze-parabolic: Idiski ngayinye igxilisa ukukhanya kwelanga enjinini ye-Stirling ehlanganiswe nejeneretha, okuvumela ukukhiqizwa kukagesi we-modular.
Lezi zobuchwepheshe zisekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo okuqhubekayo futhi kulindeleke ukuthi eminyakeni ezayo ukusebenza kwazo kuzothuthukiswa ngenxa yocwaningo, ikakhulukazi e-Almería Solar Platform, esinye sezikhungo ezithuthuke kakhulu eYurophu.
Isitoreji samandla ashisayo elanga
Enye yamaphuzu aqine kakhulu ezitshalo ezishisayo zelanga amandla azo okugcina ngokusebenzisa amathangi kasawoti ashisayo. Lokhu kuvumela ugesi ukuba wenziwe ngisho nasebusuku, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, okunikeza inzuzo yokuqhathanisa neminye imithombo evuselelekayo, njenge-photovoltaics, engenawo lo mthamo wangaphakathi. Izitshalo ezinesitoreji esishisayo zingakhulula amandla azo ngokuya ngesidingo, okwenza ukushisa kwelanga kube yinketho evumelekile yokumboza iziqongo zamandla ebusuku.
Ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwezitshalo ezishisayo zelanga
Ngokusho kwezifundo ze-Protermosolar, izitshalo ezishisayo zelanga zithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwazo unyaka nonyaka. Lokhu kwanda kubangelwa ikakhulukazi amajika okufunda atholakala kusukela izitshalo zokuqala zaseSpain zaqala ukusebenza. Ngo-2015, ukukhiqizwa okuhlanganisiwe kwe 5 amahora we-terawatt (TWh).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa nokuqaliswa kobuchwepheshe be-hybrid obuhlanganisa amandla ashisayo elanga nama-photovoltaics kuye kwathuthukisa ukusebenza kwezomnotho kwezakhiwo ezintsha namaphrojekthi, okuvumela ukukhiqizwa kukagesi okuqhubekayo ngokuhlanganisa kokubili ubuchwepheshe.
ISpain, ngenxa yezimo zayo zendawo nokuzibophezela kwayo emandleni avuselelekayo, iyaqhubeka nokuba ngumholi womhlaba wonke kumandla okushisa elanga. Ngokuhlela okulungile nokutshalwa kwezimali, iSpain inamandla okugcina isikhundla sayo futhi iqhubeke nokukhulisa umthamo ofakiwe walobu buchwepheshe eminyakeni ezayo.