Nakuba ngokuvamile yonke imithombo ye amandla avuselelweko zibalulekile ukunciphisa ukungcola, enye yazo egqama ngomthelela wayo ekwehliseni isikhutha emkhathini kukhona amandla i-thermosolar. Lolu hlobo lwamandla, nakuba lungelusha, luye lwazuza umhlaba wonke futhi luvusa isithakazelo samazwe amaningi ngenxa yekhono lalo lokukhiqiza amandla ahlanzekile nasimeme ngokusebenzisa ukushisa kwelanga.
Ayini amandla ashisayo elanga futhi asebenza kanjani?
Amandla okushisa elanga, eyaziwa nangokuthi amandla ashisayo elanga, iwuhlobo lwamandla avuselelekayo asebenzisa imisebe yelanga ukukhiqiza ukushisa. Ngokungafani namandla e-photovoltaic, aguqula ukukhanya kube ugesi, amandla okushisa elanga asebenzisa ukushisa kwelanga okugciniwe ukushisa uketshezi, ngokuvamile amanzi noma uwoyela, ukuze kukhiqizwe umusi. Lesi sitimu sisetshenziselwa ukushayela izinjini zomoya futhi ekugcineni sikhiqize ugesi.
Le ndlela isekelwe ekugxiliseni imisebe yelanga usebenzisa izibuko noma amalensi kuze kufike amazinga okushisa acishe abe ngu-450°C noma ngaphezulu. Ukushisa okunqwabelene kudluliselwa oketshezini, lona, olukhiqiza isitimu lapho kushisa. Lesi simusi sisetshenziswa kujeneretha ukukhiqiza ugesi.
Izicelo zamandla ashisayo elanga
Izicelo eziyinhloko zamandla ashisayo elanga azigcini nje kuphela ekukhiqizeni ugesi ezitshalweni ezinkulu, kodwa futhi zihlanganiswe emikhakheni efana nezimboni noma umkhakha wasekhaya. Ezinye zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezivame kakhulu yilezi:
- Ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi ashisayo asekhaya (DHW): Isetshenziselwa kokubili ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya nasezimbonini, amandla ashisayo elanga angasetshenziswa ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi ashisayo emakhaya, ezibhedlela nakwezinye izakhiwo zomphakathi.
- Ukushisa: Ngokusebenzisa ukushisa okukhiqizwa amasistimu okushisa elanga, kungenzeka ukushisa izakhiwo ngokusebenzisa amasistimu okushisa, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi noma amandla kagesi.
- Ukufudumala kwechibi lokubhukuda: Kuzo zombili izikhungo zomphakathi nezizimele, i-solar thermal isetshenziselwa ukugcina izinga lokushisa lamanzi echibi lokubhukuda, okwenza ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
- Izinqubo zezimboni: Emikhakheni efana nokudla noma ikhemistri, amandla ashisayo elanga angasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza isitimu esinomfutho ophezulu ezinqubweni zabo zokukhiqiza noma ukukhiqiza ukushisa kwemisebenzi ehlukene.
Izinzuzo zemvelo zamandla ashisayo elanga
Lolu hlobo lwamandla alugcini nje ukufaka isandla ekukhiqizeni ugesi nokushisa, kodwa futhi lunakho imithelela emihle endaweni ezungezile, okuwubuchwepheshe obubalulekile bokulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Phakathi kwezinzuzo zayo eziyinhloko zemvelo kukhona:
- Ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO2: Ngokunganciki ekushisweni kwezinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi, izitshalo ezishisayo zelanga zisiza ukugwema ukukhishwa kwamathani amagesi abamba ukushisa, ngaleyo ndlela zehlise ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke.
- Isizukulwane esihlala njalo nesigcinekayo: Izitshalo ezishisayo zelanga zinamandla okugcina amandla okushisa amahora amaningi, okubavumela ukuthi baqhubeke nokukhiqiza ugesi ngisho nalapho ilanga lingasakhanyi, okwandisa ukuzinza kwenethiwekhi.
- Umthelela omncane endaweni yendawo: Nakuba izitshalo ezishisayo zelanga zithatha indawo enkulu, ukufakwa kwazo kunomthelela omncane kakhulu ku-ecosystem yendawo, njengoba zingakhiphi izinto ezingcolisayo noma imfucumfucu enobuthi.
Ukungalungi nezinselele zamandla ashisayo elanga
Naphezu kwezinzuzo zayo eziningi, amandla okushisa elanga ayaqhubeka nokubhekana izinselele ezibalulekile lokho kubambezela ukwanda kwayo.
- Izindleko eziphezulu zokutshala izimali: Ingqalasizinda yokuqala yokwakha isitshalo esishisayo selanga iphezulu kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa neminye imithombo evuselelekayo efana ne-photovoltaics. Nakuba izikhokhela yona ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kokuqala kungaba yisithiyo ekuthathweni kwenqwaba.
- Ukutholakala komhlaba: Lolu hlobo lwezitshalo ludinga izindawo ezinkulu zendawo, ezingadala izingxabano zokusetshenziswa komhlaba, ikakhulukazi uma kuhloswe ukuthi zifakwe eduze nezindawo zemvelo ezivikelekile noma izindawo zokulima.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi: Izitshalo ezishisayo zelanga zisebenzisa amanzi amaningi ngezinqubo zazo zokupholisa. Ezindaweni lapho amanzi eyindlala khona, lokhu kungase kube inkinga enkulu.
- I-solar intermittenncy: Nakuba izitshalo ezishisayo zelanga zingagcina amandla, zisancike ekutholakaleni kokukhanya kwelanga. Izinsuku zokuguquguquka zingathinta amandla azo okukhiqiza, okuwenza angathembeki kakhulu esimweni sezulu esinelanga elincane.
Indlela amandla ashisayo elanga anomthelela ngayo ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme
Amandla ashisayo elanga angumthombo obalulekile ekufuneni ezinye izindlela ezisimeme ezinciphisa umthelela wendawo, kuyilapho ehlanganisa izidingo zamandla omhlaba.
Izitshalo ezishisayo zelanga, ngokunikeza ithuba lokukhiqiza ugesi ngobuningi ngaphandle kokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, zibonwa njengenketho esebenzayo yokukhipha igridi kagesi ezifundeni eziningi. Ukwengeza, umthamo wayo wesitoreji uwenza ubuchwepheshe nge amandla okuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwamandla ezindaweni ezinesidingo esikhulu sasebusuku, njengamadolobha.
Emazweni afana neSpain, enokukhanya kwelanga okungaphezu kwamahora angu-2.500 ngonyaka, i-solar thermal inegalelo elikhulu ekunciphiseni ukuthengwa kukaphethiloli wezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi, ikhuthaza nokuvulwa kwamathuba emisebenzi emkhakheni wamandla avuselelekayo.
Emazweni anesimo sezulu esishisayo, lobu buchwepheshe abukhuthazi nje kuphela ukuzimela kwamandla, kodwa futhi bufaka isandla ekuhlukanisekeni kwe-matrix yamandla, isinyathelo esibalulekile sokunciphisa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Amandla okushisa elanga afakazele ukuthi ayisixazululo sokuthi, nakuba kunezinselelo zawo, azenza njengenye yamandla athembisayo esikhathi esizayo ngenxa yekhono lawo lokugcina amandla kanye ne-carbon footprint yayo ephansi.
Ingabe amandla okushisa komhlaba asiza ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa komhlaba?
a) Umoya
b) Inhlabathi
c) Umsindo
d) Amanzi
Yikuphi lokho?