Amandla avuselelekayo adlala indima ebalulekile ekushintsheni kwamandla omhlaba, futhi ngaphakathi kwalo mongo, amandla omoya avele njengomthombo omuhle kakhulu wokukhiqiza ugesi ohlanzekile eSpain. Nokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo akuzange kufane kuzo zonke izifunda zezwe. Lokhu kungenxa yezinto ezifana nezici zendawo, ingqalasizinda ekhona, ukusekelwa kukahulumeni kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwangasese kanye nomphakathi.
Ngenyanga kaJanuwari, amandla omoya Bekuwumthombo oyinhloko wokuphehlwa kukagesi eSpain, ukufinyelela izibalo zokukhiqiza ezihlaba umxhwele, ngisho nokudlula obunye ubuchwepheshe, obuvuselelekayo nobungavuseleleki. Lokhu kukhombisa ukukhula kwendima amandla omoya anayo ekuxubeni kwamandla kagesi ezweni.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla omoya ngoJanuwari 2023
NgoJanuwari 2023, amandla omoya ikhiqize ugesi ongu-24,7%. isamba esikhiqizwe ezweni, esilingana namahora angu-5.300 gigawatt (GWh). Lokhu kusho ukukhula ngo-10,5% uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka odlule. Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-Spanish Electricity Network (REE), isidingo sanyanga zonke sikagesi ngoJanuwari sasingu-22.635 GWh. Nakuba amandla omoya emelela amaphesenti abalulekile, akude nokuba ukuphela komthombo wamandla avuselelekayo eSpain. Ngezansi, sibheka ukuthi umoya uqhathaniswa kanjani neminye imithombo.
Ukuqhathanisa neminye imithombo yamandla
Nakuba iSpain nayo ijabulela amahora amaningi okukhanya kwelanga, amandla elanga e-photovoltaic amele kuphela u-1,9% ukukhiqizwa kukagesi okuphelele ngoJanuwari. Lokhu kukhombisa umehluko omkhulu maqondana namandla omoya. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ezinyangeni ezilandelayo, amandla elanga abelokhu ezuza ukubaluleka okukhulu ekuxubeni kwamandla aseSpain, ikakhulukazi phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo.
Ukwengeza, imithombo efana ne-nuclear (enesabelo esingu-22,1%) kanye nama-hydraulics (18,3%) nawo enza ingxenye ebalulekile yengxube yamandla e-Spain. Iqiniso lokuthi umoya udlule ukukhiqizwa kwayo yonke le mithombo liyinkomba ecacile yamandla ayo esikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi uma kucatshangelwa intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe emkhakheni kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okuqhubekayo kwingqalasizinda.
Umthelela weziphepho ekukhiqizeni umoya
ISpain njengamanje inamapulazi omoya angaphezu kwenkulungwane asatshalaliswa komasipala abangama-800. Iningi lala mapaki lisezindaweni ezinomoya onamandla, okuhlomulise ukukhiqizwa komoya, ikakhulukazi phakathi neziphepho eziqhubekayo ezinyangeni zikaZibandlela noJanuwari. NgoZibandlela wezi-2022, amandla omoya akhiqize u-25,1% wengqikithi, kwathi ngoJanuwari 2023, leli phesenti lalingu-24,7%.
Iziqhingi zaseCanary nazo zibambe iqhaza elibalulekile kulokhu kunyuka, njengoba sekufakwe enye i-59,1 MW kule minyaka edlule. NgoZibandlela wezi-2023, iqoqo leziqhingi lafinyelela ingqopha-mlando ngokukhiqizwa kwanyanga zonke kwe-210 GWh, okugqamisa ukubaluleka kokuqhubeka nokutshala amandla ahlanzekile, ngisho nasezifundeni ezinezici zezwe eziyinselele.
Amandla okukhula nokwanda
Kusukela ngo-2017, amandla omoya afakiwe eSpain akhule kakhulu, afinyelela ku-23.121 MW asatshalaliswa ikakhulukazi eCastilla y León (6.640 MW), Aragón (4.921 MW) naseCastilla-La Mancha. Lokhu kwenyuka kuvumele amandla omoya ukuthi abe umthombo oyinhloko ovuselelekayo ezweni, okumelela u-24,5% wawo wonke amandla afakiwe.
ISpain isizinze njengezwe lesibili e-Europe elinamandla amakhulu kakhulu okukhiqiza umoya, lidlulwa yiJalimane kuphela. Emkhakheni womhlaba wonke, iSpain iphinde yagqama njengomunye wamazwe amahlanu aphambili athumela izinjini zomoya ngaphandle, enegalelo elibonakalayo emnothweni ngokwakhiwa kwamathuba emisebenzi angaphezu kuka-39.000, kokubili okuqondile nokungaqondile.
Izinselelo zekusasa lamandla omoya
Naphezu kwempumelelo, umkhakha womoya ubhekene nezinselelo ezimbalwa ezihlobene nokuthola izimvume nokwakha amapulazi amakhulu. Ukwenqatshwa komphakathi kwezinye izifunda kwehlise ukukhula okulindelekile. I-National Integrated Energy and Climate Plan (PNIEC) isungula umgomo wokufinyelela ku-33 GW womthamo womoya osebenza ngasogwini ngo-2030, okudinga izinga lokufakwa okungenani elingu-3,5 GW ngonyaka eminyakeni ezayo. Kodwa-ke, kuze kube manje, yi-3.8 GW kuphela enezimvume zokwakha.
Ngo-2024, ukugunyazwa kulindeleke ukuthi kusheshiswe futhi ukufakwa kokuqala kwamapaki amandla omoya angasogwini kuzoqala ngo-2030. Lona umkhakha omusha onamandla amakhulu eSpain, ikakhulukazi ogwini lolwandle i-Atlantic kanye noLwandle Olusenyakatho.
Izinzuzo zezenhlalo nezomnotho nezemvelo
Ukwamukelwa kwamandla omoya akuzuzi nje kuphela ukulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, kodwa futhi kunomthelela omuhle emnothweni waseSpain. Ukusetshenziswa esikhundleni samandla omoya esikhundleni samafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi kuye kwavumela ukonga okulinganiselwe kwezigidi ezingu-7.358 zama-euro kubathengi ngonyaka odlule, kwehlisa izindleko zemakethe kagesi cishe ngama-euro angu-31,25 ngehora lemegawathi ngalinye (MWh).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla omoya aqhubekile nokuphula amarekhodi ekukhiqizweni kukagesi nsuku zonke eSpain. NgoNovemba 2023, amandla omoya afinyelele ubuningi bomlando wokubamba iqhaza ekukhiqizeni nsuku zonke, ngo-53,8% wengqikithi. Le nqubekelaphambili, kanye namandla okukhiqiza akhulayo alindeleke eminyakeni ezayo, izoqinisekisa ukuthi amandla omoya ahlala eyingxenyana esemqoka ekusaseni lamandla lezwe.
Ukuzibophezela kweSpain kumandla omoya kuyaqhubeka nokukhula, ngezinjongo ezicacile zokukhulisa amandla ayo futhi iqhubeke nokuhola uguquko oluya emnothweni osimeme. Nakuba kunezinselele, amandla omoya afakazele ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obuthembekile nobungabizi kakhulu obuzoqhubeka nokubamba iqhaza elibalulekile emizamweni yezwe yokuqeda ikhabhoni emnothweni walo.