La amandla omoya ngo-2017 Bekungumnikezeli wesibili ngobukhulu wesistimu yamandla eSpain. Njengoba kufakwe ama-GW angu-23, ikhiqize ngaphezu kuka-47 TWh, okuhlanganisa cishe u-20% wesidingo sikagesi. Lo mthombo wamandla ube ubalulekile ekuguqukeleni ohlelweni lwamandla oluzinzile futhi unganciki kakhulu emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi.
La ukuzinza komkhakha womoya iye yaphawuleka eminyakeni yamuva. Ngonyaka ka-2017, amandla omoya anikele ngenani likagesi elifanayo njengango-2016. Lokhu kuziphatha okuzinzile kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe i-matrix yamandla ebhalansile futhi engaguquguquki kancane.
Amandla omoya eSpain
Njengamanje, kunamaturbine omoya angaphezu kuka-20.000 afakwe emapulazini omoya angaphezu kwe-1.000 asatshalaliswa ezweni lonke. Lezi ziqiwu zibonise a ukusebenza okwehlukile ngezikhathi ezibalulekile zesidingo esikhulu samandla. Ngokusho kwe-Red Eléctrica Española (REE), irekhodi lokukhiqiza umoya lafinyelelwa ngoDisemba 27, 2017, ngokukhiqizwa kwe-330 GWh, okuhlanganisa u-47% wesidingo sikagesi sansuku zonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uZibandlela wezi-2017 ube yinyanga enesizukulwane esiphezulu somoya emlandweni.
Ngaphezu komthelela wawo ekukhiqizweni kukagesi, amandla omoya abe ukhiye ekwehliseni izindleko emakethe kagesi. Ukube bekungengenxa yokukhiqizwa komoya ophezulu ngoDisemba, inani lentengo likagesi belizofika ku-€20/MWh ngaphezulu. Ngokwezimali, kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukonga phakathi kuka-30% no-35%, okulingana nama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-400.
ISpain iphinde yagqama njengezwe lesine elikhiqiza amandla omoya emhlabeni wonke, njengoba izimboni ezingama-210 zisabalele kuyo yonke indawo. Ngeshwa, ngenxa yezinqubomgomo ezithile ze-Popular Party ngaleyo minyaka, lezi zimboni zigxile ekuthekeliseni ngaphandle kokuhlinzeka ngemakethe yasekhaya.
Amandla omoya ogwini lolwandle
Kusukela ngo-2017, umkhakha womoya eSpain usuqalile ukugxila ekuthuthukisweni kwe amandla omoya wasolwandle (osolwandle). Ngezinkundla zobuchwepheshe ezifana ne-REOLTEC, izinhlelo zocwaningo nokusebenzisana ziye zakhuthazwa phakathi kwezinkampani ezizimele nezikahulumeni, ngenhloso yokubeka iSpain njengomholi kule makethe esafufusa.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwemboni yomoya waphesheya kwezilwandle kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqinile ku-R&D&i, okusiza inqubekelaphambili kubuchwepheshe obusebenza kahle kakhulu nobunokuncintisana. Lokhu futhi kumelela insimu ethembisayo yokuthuthukisa inzuzo yomkhakha womoya waseSpain eminyakeni ezayo.
Indali evuselelekayo
Ukuze ahambisane nemithetho nemigomo yaseYurophu, uhulumeni waseSpain wenze izindali ezintathu ezivuselelekayo, ezimbili ngo-2017 futhi eyodwa ngo-2016. Lezi ndali zaba umfutho odingekayo ukuze kuvuselelwe umkhakha womoya, okwakuze kube yileso sikhathi owawulokhu umile njengoba wawunezengezo ezingu-65 MW nje muva nje. izikhathi.
Lezi zindali zivumele ukukhula komkhakha ukuthi kuvulwe, kugqugquzele ukutshalwa kwezimali okusha namaphrojekthi azokhuthaza ukwanda kwamandla afakiwe eminyakeni ezayo.
Ukushintsha kwamandla eSpain
Ngibhekene nenselelo ebalulekile ye ukuguqulwa kwamandla, Inhlangano Yebhizinisi Lomoya (i-AEE) ilungiselele ukuhlaziya ehlose ukufaka isandla ngayo kuMthetho Wokuguquguquka Kwesimo Sezulu Nokuguqulwa Kwamandla. Lo mbhalo ucabangela ukukhula kwamandla omoya eSpain kuze kube ngu-2030, ngezinhloso ezicacile zokufeza ukuchithwa okukhulu kwesistimu yamandla.
Amandla afakiwe kulindeleke ukuthi afinyelele ku-28.000 MW ngo-2020 futhi aqhubeke nokukhula ngesilinganiso se-1.200 MW ngonyaka kuze kube ngu-2030, afinyelele ku-40 GW. Lokhu kunyuka kuzonciphisa ukukhishwa okuvela emkhakheni kagesi ngo-30% ngo-2020 (uma kuqhathaniswa no-2005) futhi ngaphezu kuka-40% ngo-2030. Ngokusho kwe-AEE, ingxube yamandla yaseSpain kulindeleke ukuthi ihlanganise u-40% wesidingo ngezinto ezivuselelekayo ngo-2020. , 62% ngo-2030, 92% ngo-2040 kanye 100% ngo-2050.
Izinselelo zesikhathi esizayo zamandla omoya
Ngisho nalokhu kuthuthuka, umkhakha womoya eSpain ubhekene nezinselelo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zesikhathi esizayo:
- Isiqinisekiso a ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla okulinganisela lokho kuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwesistimu futhi kuhlangabezana nezidingo zokushintsha kwamandla.
- Thuthukisa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinhlangano kazwelonke nesifunda, okuvumela ukuhlela okuhambisanayo nokunobunye ezingeni lamandla.
- Sungula izindlela zezimali ezisimeme, njengezinkontileka zamazwe amabili noma uthango lwesikhathi eside, ezinciphisa ukuguquguquka kwentengo futhi zivumele ukutshalwa kwezimali okusimeme.
- EziQhingini zaseCanary, ukuzibophezela kumandla omoya kuyisihluthulelo sokunciphisa izindleko eziphezulu zokukhiqiza, okwamanje okuphindwe kabili kune-peninsula.
- Njengomholi kubuchwepheshe be-offshore, iSpain kumele iqhubeke nokutshala imali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni ukuze ithuthuke ukuncintisana kanye nekhwalithi yemikhiqizo yayo yomoya.
Ikusasa lamandla omoya eSpain liyathembisa uma imizamo maqondana ukunwetshwa komthamo ofakiwe kanye nokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo kokusungula izinto ezintsha, okuzoqinisekisa ubuholi bezwe emkhakheni wezamandla avuselelekayo.