Umhlaba wamandla avuselelekayo uthole ukuvelela okwandayo ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe, ngenxa yokukhula kwawo ukuncintisana nokusebenza kahle. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamandla avuselelekayo, phakathi kwazo eziphawuleka kakhulu yilezi amandla elanga nawomoya. Nokho, kukhona amandla kancane eyaziwa, ezifana amandla we-geothermal kanye ne-biomass, ephinde inikeze izinzuzo ezinkulu.
Kulesi sihloko sizongena ku-geothermal energy: sizochaza ukuthi iyini, isebenza kanjani, izinzuzo zayo, nokubi kanye nokusetshenziswa okuyinhloko enakho njengamanje.
Uyini amandla we-geothermal?
La amandla we-geothermal Kuwuhlobo lwamandla avuselelekayo atholakala ngokusebenzisa ukushisa okuphuma phakathi nendawo eMhlabeni. La mandla akhiqizwa yi- ukushisa kwemvelo kwezingqimba zangaphakathi Yomhlaba, okwenza indlela yayo yokuthola ukuphunyuka esimisweni esivamile samanye amandla avuselelekayo. Nakuba amanye amandla avuselelekayo esebenzisa izinsiza zangaphandle ezifana namanzi, umoya noma ukukhanya kwelanga, amandla e-geothermal asebenzisa ukushisa kwemvelo komhlabathi ongaphansi, ukusebenzisa i-gradient eshisayo Izinga lokushisa liyenyuka njengoba wehlela oqweqweni loMhlaba.
Ukushisa kwe-Geothermal kuvela ekuboleni kwemvelo kwezinto ezikhipha imisebe ngaphakathi kweplanethi kanye nokushisa okuyinsalela okunqwabelana ekwakhekeni koMhlaba. Kuwo wonke amamitha ayi-100 sehlela ngaphansi komhlaba, izinga lokushisa elingaphansi komhlaba likhuphuka 2°C no-4°C. Ezindaweni ezithile zeplanethi, le gradient eshisayo inkulu kakhulu ngenxa yokusondela kwengubo yoMhlaba, okuvumela ukuthi lokhu kushisa kusetshenziswe ngokuphumelelayo.
Indlela ejwayeleke kakhulu yokusebenzisa la mandla ngokusebenzisa ukubhola kahle ukufinyelela amadamu okushisa aphezulu. Okulandelayo, sizobona izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-geothermal deposits.
Amachibi we-geothermal
Kunezindawo ezithile zeplanethi lapho i-gradient eshisayo iphakeme, okuvumela ukuxhashazwa ngokuphumelelayo kwamandla okushisa komhlaba. Lezi zindawo zaziwa ngokuthi ama-geothermal deposits futhi ahlukaniswe abe izinhlobo eziningana ngokuya ngezici zawo kanye nendlela amandla azo okushisa akhishwa ngayo:
Izinqolobane zamanzi ashisayo
Lawa madiphozithi aqukethe amanzi angaphansi komhlaba lamanzi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezincanyana: ezamanzi, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zokungcebeleka, nezingaphansi komhlaba, ezinamanzi amakhulu ashisayo. Izinhlelo zokuxhashazwa zisekelwe kumjikelezo ovaliwe wokukhandwa kwamanzi kanye nomjovo, okusho ukuthi lawa ma-diphozithi ane- okungapheli ngesikhathi.
Izinkambu ezomile
Emazingeni omile, ukushisa kugcinwa emadwaleni ashisayo kodwa omile. Ukukhipha amandla ayo, kuyadingeka ukubhoboza futhi faka amanzi okuthi uma kushisa, kukhishwe ukuze kukhiqizwe amandla. Lobu buchwepheshe busathuthuka futhi bumele inselele yezomnotho, njengoba izinga eliphezulu lokutshalwa kwezimali liyadingeka.
Imali efakwa yiGeyser
I-Los amagiza Ziyimithombo yemvelo yamanzi ashisayo nesitimu esivela eMhlabeni ngendlela yamakholomu. Ziyivelakancane kakhulu futhi ukuxhashazwa kwazo kudinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela, njengoba ukufakwa kabusha kwamanzi kungapholisa ama-magmas futhi kubangele ukuzamazama komhlaba okuncane.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla we-geothermal
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okushisa komhlaba kuyahlukahluka futhi kuyasebenza kuzo zombili izinga lezimboni nezasekhaya. Phakathi kokusetshenziswa okuyinhloko sithola:
- Ukukhiqizwa kukagesi ngokusebenzisa izinjini zesitimu esishisayo.
- Uhlelo lwe ukufudumeza nokupholisa ezamakhaya, amahhovisi nezinye izakhiwo zomphakathi noma ezohwebo.
- Izicelo ku- i-spas, ukusebenzisa amanzi ashisayo emvelo ukuze kusetshenziswe ukuzijabulisa.
- Ukushisisa izindawo zokugcina izithombo nezindawo zezolimo ezindaweni ezibandayo.
Izinzuzo zamandla we-geothermal
I-Geothermal energy inezinzuzo eziningi zemvelo kanye nomnotho:
- Kuyinto a amandla avuselelekayo futhi ahlanzekile, njengoba ingakhiqizi igesi ebamba ukushisa.
- I-Los izindleko zokukhiqiza Aphansi kuneminye imithombo yamandla njengamalahle noma i-nuclear.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuvumela i- ukuzimela kwamandla, ngokunciphisa isidingo sokungenisa izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi.
- Amaphrojekthi we-Geothermal avumela ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla endawo, akhuthaze umnotho wesifunda.
Okubi kwamandla we-geothermal
Akuyona yonke into enhle mayelana namandla e-geothermal, njengoba futhi inezinye izithiyo:
- El izindleko zokuqala zokutshala imali ekubholeni nasezitshalweni ze-geothermal kungaba isithiyo sokungena.
- Kukhona izingozi ukuvuza kwegesi eyingozi kanye nokuzamazama komhlaba okuncane ngenxa yokujova amanzi.
- Su umkhawulo wendawo Lokhu kusho ukuthi akuzona zonke izifunda ezingasebenzisa la mandla ngendlela efanele.
- Kwezinye izimo, ukuxhashazwa kwe-geothermal kungaba ne- umthelela womhlaba enkulu.
Naphezu kobubi bawo, amandla e-geothermal enza isixazululo esithembisayo phakathi kwesethi yamandla avuselelekayo, ukuguquguquka kanye nekhono lokusebenzisa ezimweni eziningi. Ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kungasiza ekuhlukaniseni imithombo yamandla yomhlaba wonke, ukunciphisa ukuthembela emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi kanye nokuba negalelo ekulweni nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.