Isidingo sokunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu sibeke ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kwemikhakha ekhiqizayo enkabeni ye-ajenda yezomnotho, ezombusazwe kanye nezenhlalo. Inguquko eya emnothweni wekhabhoni ephansi ayibandakanyi nje ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kuphela, kodwa futhi ibandakanya uguquko olunzulu lwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuphatha emikhiqizweni yezimboni, ezamandla, ezolimo kanye nezinkonzo.ISpain, i-Europe, kanye nomphakathi wamazwe omhlaba basebenzise amasu nemithethonqubo efuna ukuqondisa izinkampani nohulumeni kulo mgomo ofanayo, besebenzisa amathuba anikezwa ukusungula izinto ezintsha namandla avuselelekayo ukuze kwakhiwe ikusasa elizinzile nelinokuncintisana.
Izinkampani, abaphathi kanye nabathengi baya ngokuya bephoqeleka ukuthi bacabange kabusha amamodeli wamandla, izinqubo zokukhiqiza kanye nenqubo yokutshala imali ngokombono wokungathathi hlangothi kwesimo sezulu.Kulo mongo, ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi akubonakali nje njengenselele engenakugwenywa, kodwa futhi njengomthombo wokusungula izinto ezintsha, ukwakhiwa kwamathuba emisebenzi, kanye nokujwayela umhlaba obhekene noguquko olusheshayo lwezemvelo nezobuchwepheshe.
Uhlaka lwesu lokuncishiswa nokususa ikhabhoni eSpain naseYurophu
I-Spain inenethiwekhi ebanzi nedidiyelwe yezinqubomgomo nezinhlelo ezigxile ekwehliseni ukungcola kanye noguquko olufanele lwezemvelo.. Phakathi kwazo, Uhlaka Lwesu Lokusebenza Lwezamandla Nesimo Sezulu Isekelwe ekunciphiseni, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, kanye noguquko olulungile njengezinsika zalo eziyinhloko. Lolu hlaka luhlinzeka ngezindaba ezingokomthetho nezokwahlulela kuzo zonke izinyathelo eziqhubekayo, lukhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali, futhi ludidiyela izenzo ezihloselwe ukuqeda ikhabhoni emnothweni wezwe.
Ngaphakathi kwalolu hlaka kukhona amathuluzi abalulekile afana nalawa Umthetho Wokuguquka Kwesimo Sezulu Namandla Okuguqula Amandla —umgomo wabo kuwumnotho ongathathi hlangothi ngo-2050—, the I-National Integrated Energy and Climate Plan (PNIEC) iminyaka eyishumi 2023-2030, the Uhlelo Lukazwelonke Lokujwayela Ukuguquguquka Kwesimo Sezulu futhi i I-Just Transition Strategy, efuna ukuvikela abasebenzi nezindawo ezithintwa ukuguqulwa kwamandla.
Okuphawuleka kakhulu yi- Isu Lesikhathi Eside Lokukhipha Umoya (LTS 2050)Lo mbhalo unikeza umhlahlandlela onomgomo ocacile: ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-Spanish ngo-90% uma kuqhathaniswa no-1990, kanti i-10% esele kulindeleke ukuthi imuncwe amasinki emvelo njengamahlathi namaxhaphozi. Umgomo uwukuzuza ukusetshenziswa kokugcina kwamandla okungavuseleleka cishe ngo-100%, kuqiniswe ukuncintisana kwebhizinisi kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga lempilo, impilo, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Uhlaka lwaseYurophu luqinisa lezi zinhlelo ngamathuluzi afana ne Isivumelwano saseParis, i-UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) kanye nomthetho we-EU, njenge Umthetho Wesimo Sezulu WaseYurophu futhi i I-Pacto Verde Europeo. the I-Net Zero Industry Law kanye nezimali ezishisekayo zokuqamba izinto ezintsha kanye noshintsho lwamandla zimelela ukuthuthukiswa kokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu.
I-Decarbonization ezimbonini ezibalulekile: izinselelo namathuba
Uguquko lwemikhakha ekhiqizayo lubalulekile, kodwa akuyona yonke imikhakha ebhekene nezinselelo ezifanayo. Kunezimboni ezibizwa ngokuthi "hard to decarbonize", njenge-aluminiyamu, insimbi, usimende, noma i-ammonia, ebangela ingxenye enkulu yokukhipha umoya futhi edinga izixazululo ezithile zobuchwepheshe, zokulawula, nezezimali.
Umkhakha we-aluminium Ibalulekile emikhakheni efana nezokuthutha, ezokwakha, namandla avuselelekayo. Kodwa-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwayo kusancike kakhulu emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, okubalelwa ku-2% wezinto ezikhishwa emhlabeni wonke. Ukufakwa kukagesi ngemithombo ehlanzekile kanye nobuchwepheshe obufana nama-anode angasebenzi kuzonika amandla ukukhiqiza okuhlanzekile nokuncintisana kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele.
I-Amoniya, ebalulekile kumanyolo, igqama njengomunye wamaphrosesa wezimboni asebenzisa kakhulu ikhabhoni. Ukushintshela kwayo ku-hydrogen eluhlaza, ekhiqizwa emithonjeni evuselelekayo, kuvela njengesixazululo esisebenza kahle kakhulu. IYurophu, nakuba ibhekene nezindleko eziphakeme kunezinye izifunda, ihamba ngendlela efanele.
Insimbi Ngenye imboni esemqoka, ebhekele ukukhishwa kwe-GHG okungama-7%. Izinto ezintsha ezifana nokusetshenziswa kwe-biomethane, ama-arc arc kagesi, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi ezilahliwe ezigaywe kabusha i-Europe njengomholi ekwehliseni ukungcola okuvela kulo mkhakha.
Imboni kasimende nokhonkolo ikhiqiza amaphesenti afanayo ezinto ezikhishwayo, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwe-clinker ekukhiqizeni. Ukushintsha lesi sici, ukufaka imfucuza njengophethiloli, kanye nokutshala imali ekubanjweni nasekugcinweni kwekhabhoni kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuqeda ikhabhoni ngokuphelele.
Amalever avuselelekayo namasu oguquko lwemvelo
Izinyathelo ezimbalwa zamasu ziguqula umnotho kanye nezimboni ziye kumamodeli esimeme kakhulu futhi amandla- kanye nemvelo eyongayo:
- Ukufakwa kukagesi namandla avuselelekayoUkushintsha amafutha emvelo ngogesi okhiqizwa emithonjeni evuselelekayo kuyindlela esheshayo nephumelelayo yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni emikhakheni efana nezimboni, ezokuthutha, kanye nesiphephetha-moya.
- Isitoreji samandla: Kuyisihluthulelo sokuvala isikhawu samandla elanga nawomoya, ukusiza ukunikezwa okuzinzile nokulawulekayo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri athuthukisiwe kanye nokuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe obufana ne-hydrogen evuselelekayo kubalulekile.
- Ukubanjwa kanye nokugcinwa kwekhabhoni: Ukuthwebula, ukusebenzisa, nokugcina i-CO2 ekhishwa ezinqubweni zezimboni kunganciphisa umkhondo wemikhakha okunzima ukuyifakela ugesi noma ikhiphe ikhabhoni ngokuphelele.
- Ukwenziwa ngcono kwenqubo nokusebenza kahle kwamandlaUkuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwemishini, izinsiza, nezinqubo, kanye ne-digitalization kanye ne-automation, kusiza ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokukhishwa okuhlobene.
- Ukuqamba kanye nomnotho oyindilinga: Yakha kabusha imikhiqizo namasevisi ukuze inwebe ukuphila kwayo okusebenzisekayo, ukugaywa kabusha, ukuphinda kusetshenziswe, nokuthuthukisa izinsiza, ukuhlanganisa umnotho oyindilinga kumaketango yenani lezimboni.
Izinhlelo, ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye namathuba ezomnotho
Uguquko lwezemvelo kanye ne-decarbonization, ngaphezu kwezinselelo zesimo sezulu, amathuba amakhulu ezomnotho nezenhlalo.I-Spanish Decarbonization Strategy kanye Nohlelo Lokubuyisela, Ukuguqulwa, kanye Nokuqina kuqoqe izigidigidi zama-euro ekutshalweni kwezimali ukuze kukhuliswe amandla avuselelekayo, i-hydrogen eluhlaza, ukugcinwa kwamandla, nokusebenza kahle. Ngokusho kokuqagela, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphelele ngo-2050 kungadlula ama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-500.000, okudala amathuba emisebenzi emisha ecishe ibe ngu-300.000 ngonyaka, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni efana nokuvuselelwa kabusha, ukuhamba kukagesi, ukuvuselelwa kwamandla, kanye nezinsiza ezisimeme kanye nokulawulwa kwemfucuza.
Lokhu kuzibophezela ekusungulweni okusha kuzophinde kunciphise ukuncika kwamandla angaphandle kusuka ku-73% kuya ku-13% futhi kwandise ukuncintisana kwezinkampani ezimakethe zomhlaba. Ukuqamba izinto ezintsha, kokubili kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezamabhizinisi, yikhona okuzoba yimbangela yalolu shintsho.
Amasu omkhakha kanye nemikhuba emihle
Umkhakha ngamunye okhiqizayo uyathuthuka ekusebenziseni izisombululo ezivumelaniswe nemininingwane yawo kanye nezinselelo ezithile..
- AmandlaUkususwa kwekhabhoni kohlelo lukagesi kusekelwa ukunwetshwa kwamandla avuselelekayo, ukuhlanganiswa kwamagridi ahlakaniphile, nokuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zokugcina, ngenhloso yokuzuza ukuphehlwa kukagesi okungakhiphi ngo-2050. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuphehlwa kwamandla avuselelekayo asabalalisiwe.
- UkuthuthaKubalulekile ukufaka ugesi emikhunjini yezimoto, ukukhuthaza ezokuthutha zomphakathi ezisimeme, kanye nokukhuthaza ingqalasizinda eshajayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-hydrogen ekuhambeni komsebenzi onzima.
- Ukuqiniswa: Thuthukisa ukulungiswa kwamandla, ukusetshenziswa kwakho kwe-photovoltaic, isiphephelo-moya esisebenzayo esinamaphampu okushisa, kanye nezindlu ezinganawo amandla acishe abe ziro.
- I-Industria: Sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlanzekile, izinqubo ezishintshayo, umnotho oyindilinga, nokubanjwa kwekhabhoni, kanye nokuthuthukisa i-hydrogen njengomthombo wamandla.
- Ezolimo nokudla: Thuthukisa izinqubo ezisimeme, ezifana nokusetshenziswa kahle kukamanyolo, ukukhiqizwa kwe-biogas, ukwenziwa kwedijithali kokunisela, kanye nokwehliswa kokulahlwa kokudla.
- I-Gestión de residuos: Zibophezele ekwehliseni, ekusebenziseni kabusha, nasekusetshenzisweni kabusha, kanye nokuthola amandla kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa okuhlobene nokulahlwa kwemfucumfucu.
Imithethonqubo, ukulinganisa kanye nokubika: izihluthulelo zokubeka izinto obala nenqubekela phambili
Isenzo sesimo sezulu sidinga ukukala okuthuthukile kanye nezinhlelo zokubika. Izinkampani ziyadingeka ukuthi zilinganise futhi zibike ukukhishwa kwazo ezindaweni ezihlukene (1, 2 kanye no-3), ehlanganisa yonke into kusukela ekusebenzeni kwabo kuya e-supply chain. Amathuluzi afana ne-Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Protocol kanye nemithethonqubo efana ne-EU Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) kanye nomthetho wase-California we-SB-253 kuvula indlela ebheke ekubeni sobala okukhulu nokulandeleka.
Ukuqinisekiswa kwenkampani yangaphandle, ukucwaninga, nezinkundla zedijithali ezikhethekile kuthuthukisa ukuthembeka kwedatha futhi kuqinise ukwethenjwa kwabatshalizimali, amakhasimende, neziphathimandla.
Izingozi, izinselele kanye nezithiyo zokuqeda ikhabhoni
Naphezu kwenqubekelaphambili namathuba, inqubo yokuqeda ikhabhoni ibhekene nezinselelo ezinkulu:
- Izindleko zokutshala izimali kanye nokungaqiniseki kokulawulaUkutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala kungaba phezulu, futhi nemithethonqubo isathuthuka, okwenza ukuhlela isikhathi eside kube nzima.
- Ukulinganiselwa kwezobuchwephesheKweminye imikhakha, ubuchwepheshe obuhlanzekile abukavuthwa ngokugcwele noma kunzima ukukala.
- Ubunkimbinkimbi bochungechunge lokuhlinzekaUkulandelela ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kubo bonke abahlinzeki bezigaba eziningi, ikakhulukazi ezimbonini zomhlaba wonke, kudinga amasistimu athuthukile nokusebenzisana namazwe ngamazwe.
- Izinkinga zedatha nezilinganiso: Ikhwalithi nokufakwa kwedatha yezinto ezikhishwayo kuhlala kuyisithiyo, ikakhulukazi ku-Scope 3 nezinyathelo zezinga lomkhiqizo.
Imizamo, ukuqeqeshwa kanye namathuba amasha ebhizinisi
Ukuzibophezela kwezikhungo nezamabhizinisi kubalulekileIzinhlelo zokuqeqeshwa kokusimama, njengezitifiketi ze-ESG, kanye nezinhlelo zokufinyelela kubantu nokuqwashisa ziqhuba uguquko kuwo wonke amazinga. Ukuqaliswa kokusetshenziswa komnotho oyindilinga, ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo, ukwenziwa kwedijithali, nokuzibophezela emikhiqizweni nasezinsizeni ezisimeme kuvula amathuba amasha ebhizinisi emikhakheni esafufusa.
Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwingqalasizinda evuselelekayo, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokugcina, ukuhamba kukagesi, ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezisimeme, nokudalwa kwezindawo ezihlotshaniswa nokuvuselelwa kwamandla nokulawulwa kwemfucuza kuyagqama. Umkhakha wezimboni kufanele ugxile ekusebenzeni kahle, ukusungula izinto ezintsha, kanye nomsebenzi wokubambisana ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla ukuze ulondoloze futhi uqinise ubuholi bawo emakethe yomhlaba wonke eshintsha ngokushesha.
Ukucindezela okunqunyiwe kokukhishwa kwe-carbonization kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi kuphawula uguquko lwangempela emikhakheni ekhiqizayo yaseSpain naseYurophu. Izinqubomgomo, ukutshalwa kwezimali, nokuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe kunikeza amathuba amaningi, kodwa futhi kudinga ukuguqulwa okujulile endleleni esikhiqiza ngayo, esisebenzisa ngayo, nesiphatha ngayo izinsiza. Isenzo esididiyelwe, ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo, nokuzibophezela ekusimameni kuzobaluleka ekwakheni umnotho okwazi ukumelana nokuncintisana ohambisana nezinselele zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo zesimo sezulu.