Ukuze kugwenywe ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha aphethiloli akhuphula ukufudumala komhlaba ngenxa yokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, kwenziwa ucwaningo olwengeziwe nokuthuthuka kwezinye izinhlobo zemithombo yamandla ehlukile, njengamandla avuselelekayo njengoba siwazi. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamandla avuselelekayo: i-solar, umoya, i-geothermal, i-hydroelectric, i-biomass, njll. Amandla avela kuma-biofuels, njenge biodiesel, iwumthombo wamandla ovuselelekayo otholakala ezintweni eziphilayo ezingathatha indawo yezinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi. I-Biodiesel noma i-fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) ingakhiqizwa ezinhlobonhlobo zamafutha namafutha ngenqubo ye-esterification, okuhlanganisa i-rapeseed, ubhekilanga, ubhontshisi wesoya, nama-walnuts. Ungasebenzisa futhi amafutha okupheka asetshenzisiwe kanye namafutha ezilwane. Inqubo iqala ngokukhipha uwoyela ezitshalweni ezinamafutha bese ufakwa ngaphansi kwe-transesterification. Uyafuna ukwazi okwengeziwe nge-biodiesel? Lapha sichaza konke ngokuningiliziwe.
Ukubaluleka kwama-biofuels
Kusukela ngenguquko yezimboni, isintu siye sathembela kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi ezifana nowoyela, amalahle, negesi yemvelo. Lawa mafutha abe ngukhiye ekuthuthukisweni komnotho emhlabeni wonke, kodwa ukulinganiselwa kwawo kuyabonakala. Aqedwa ngokushesha futhi ukusetshenziswa kwawo kakhulu kunomthelela ekufudumaleni komhlaba, kudedelwa inqwaba yamagesi abamba ukushisa, njenge-carbon dioxide (CO2), okwandisa izinga lokushisa leplanethi.Ebhekene nale mikhawulo, ama-biofuels avela njengesixazululo esihlanzekile nesivuselelekayo. Ngokungafani nowoyela, okuthatha izigidi zeminyaka ukwakha, ama-biofuels akhiqizwa ku-biomass yezitshalo ngemijikelezo emifushane, eqhubekayo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, Noma yisiphi isilimo esisetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwe-biofuel singatshalwa kabusha, okwenza lo mthombo wamandla uhlale uqinile esikhathini eside. Ama-biofuels aziwa kakhulu yi-ethanol ne-biodiesel.
Iyini i-biodiesel?
I-Biodiesel iyi-biofuel eyenziwe ngamafutha emifino amasha noma asetshenzisiwe, kanye namanye amafutha ezilwane. Ngenxa yokuthandwa kwayo okukhulayo, ikhiqizwa emhlabeni wonke futhi inenzuzo yokuba isibaseli esivuselelekayo nesibolayo. I-Biodiesel isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ezinjini ezisebenzisa udizili, futhi into engcono kakhulu ukuthi izinjini eziningi zingayisebenzisa ngaphandle kokwenza izinguquko ezinkulu. Ngokwesibonelo, e-United States, imboni encane kodwa ekhulayo ivumele ezinye iziteshi zesevisi ukuba zinikeze imixube ye-biodiesel. Kodwa-ke, izinjini zikadizili ezindala zingadinga ukulungiswa okuthile ukuze kucutshungulwe i-biodiesel ngendlela emsulwa.
Kwakhiwa kanjani i-biodiesel
Inqubo yokuthola i-biodiesel ihlanganisa ukukhishwa kwamafutha ezitshalweni ze-oilseed ezifana ne-sunflower noma i-rapeseed. Uma uwoyela usutholakele, wenza inqubo ye-transesterification, lapho i-methanol kanye ne-catalyst yengezwa ukuze kuguqulwe i-triglycerides ibe yi-fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), okuyisisekelo se-biodiesel. Lokhu fuel has izinzuzo eziningana, ezifana yayo umthamo omkhulu wokugcoba, eyedlula kude leyo ekadizili wezinsalela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ixutshwe ne-fossil diesel ngezilinganiso ezihlukene (kusuka ku-5% kuya ku-100%), ingakwazi ngcono ukusebenza kwenjini, ngenxa yesici sayo sokuba uphethiloli one-oksijini, okungukuthi, inomoya-mpilo ekubunjweni kwawo.
Izinzuzo kanye nebubi bokusebenzisa i-biodiesel
Njenganoma yimuphi omunye umthombo wamandla, i-biodiesel inezinzuzo kanye nokungalungi. Okulandelayo, sibuyekeza eziyinhloko:
Izinzuzo ze-biodiesel
- Ukuncishiswa kwamagesi angcolisayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-fossil diesel, i-biodiesel inciphisa kakhulu ukukhishwa kwe-CO2, i-carbon monoxide nezinye izinto ezingcolile.
- Ivela ezintweni ezingavuthiwe ezivuselelekayo. I-rapeseed, ubhekilanga noma amafutha okuthosa asetshenziswayo ayimithombo eqhubekayo yokukhiqiza kwabo.
- Es i-biodegradable kanye ne-non-toxic, okusho ukuthi uma kwenzeka kuchitheka ngephutha, kuthinta indawo ezungezile ngaphansi kwezibaseli ezimbiwa phansi.
- Ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwe izinsalela zezitshalo.
- Ayinayo isulfure, esiza ukuvimbela imvula ene-asidi.
Ukungalungi kwe-biodiesel
- Inani eliphansi lokushisisa. Ilitha elilodwa le-biodiesel liqukethe amandla amancane kunodizili wezinsalela, okungathinta ukusebenza kwenjini.
- Ukuqina emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Ezindaweni ezibandayo, i-biodiesel ingaqina, okwenza kube nzima ukuyisebenzisa.
- Su ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kungaholela ekwandeni kokugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye nokusetshenziswa ngendlela engafanele komhlaba wokulima.
- El izindleko ze-biodiesel Isephezulu kunodizili wesintu.
Izicelo zamanje nezingenzeka zesikhathi esizayo ze-biodiesel
I-Biodiesel isivele isetshenziswa kwezokuthutha, ikakhulukazi emabhasini namaloli ezimpahla asebenza ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwawo kuyacwaningwa nasembonini yezindiza nezasolwandle, kanye nakumajeneretha kagesi ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, i-biodiesel ingadlala indima ebalulekile ekushintsheni kwamandla, ukusiza ukunciphisa ukuthembela kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi kanye nokunciphisa intuthu engcolisayo. Intuthuko ekukhiqizeni kwayo, kusetshenziswa amafutha agaywe kabusha kanye nemithombo emisha efana ne-algae, ingenza i-biodiesel isebenze kahle futhi isimeme. Lo mthombo wamandla avuselelekayo ungaba yisisekelo ekulweni nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, inqobo nje uma izinselelo zamanje mayelana nezindleko nokukhiqiza zinganqotshwa.