Namuhla kunezindlela eziningi zokukhiqiza amandla ngokulahlwa kwazo zonke izinhlobo. Ukusetshenziswa kwemfucuza njengezinsiza zokukhiqiza amandla kuyindlela enhle yokonga ezintweni ezingavuthiwe futhi kuncishiswe ukuncika emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, ezimele inkinga enkulu yemvelo ngenxa yokukhipha kwawo isikhutha.
Isibonelo salokhu yi- ubhekilanga waseMexico (Tithonia diversifolia), uhlobo oluhlaselayo ezindaweni eziningana zomhlaba, ikakhulukazi e-Afrika, e-Australia nakwezinye iziqhingi ezisePacific Ocean. Nakuba lesi sitshalo siwusongo ezinhlotsheni zemvelo kulezo zindawo, abacwaningi baseNigeria bathole indlela entsha yokusisebenzisa: ukukhiqizwa kwe-biogas. Ngokuxuba imfucumfucu yezinkukhu nemfucuza kabhekilanga yaseMexico, bakwazile ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-biogas ekhiqizwayo.
Khiqiza i-biogas futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-biogas kusuka emanzini enkukhu kanye nobhekilanga baseMexico kuyinzuzo enkulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kusetshenziswa imfucuza evela emapulazini ezinkukhu, okunciphisa ukungcola ezikukhiqizayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkinga ebalulekile yendawo ezungezile iyahlaselwa: ukulawulwa kwezinhlobo ezihlaselayo ezifana nobhekilanga waseMexico, osusa izitshalo zendawo.
Ucwaningo mayelana nokukhiqizwa kwe-biogas emfucumfucu yezitshalo nezilwane zase lwenziwe eNigeria naseChina. Isihluthulelo salezi zifundo yi- ukugaya ngokuhlanganyela, okungukuthi, ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zemfucuza ukuze kwandiswe ukukhiqizwa kwe-biogas. Kulokhu, izifundo ezenziwa yiLandmark University kanye neCovenant University eNigeria, ezishicilelwe kujenali Amandla Namandla, qinisekisa ukuthi ubhekilanga waseMexico unamandla amakhulu okukhiqiza i-biogas uma uhlanganiswe nobulongwe bezinyoni futhi uphathwa ngaphambilini.
Ukusebenzisa ngokunenzuzo le nhlanganisela kunenzuzo ephindwe kabili ngoba kusiza ekulawuleni udoti ophuma emapulazini ezinkukhu futhi kumisa ukwanda kwesitshalo esibhekwa njengesihlaselayo ezindaweni eziningi zomhlaba. Ngokusho kongoti, Ubhekilanga waseMexico ususa izinhlobo zendawo futhi uthinta izindawo zemvelo ezivikelwe, okubonisa usongo olukhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zezifunda ezibucayi.
Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili: Ukhiye wokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle
Ukugaya kanyekanye kukadoti wemvelo akuyona inqubo entsha, kodwa ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonise ukuthi ukusetshenziswa ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kwe-thermo-alkaline ngaphambi kokugaya kwe-anaerobic kuthuthukisa kakhulu isivuno se-biogas. Lokhu kwelashwa kwangaphambili kuhlanganisa ukubeka imfucuza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kanye nezimo ezithile ze-alkalinity, okusiza ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi kwandisa inani le-methane ekhiqizwayo, ingxenye eyinhloko ye-biogas.
Ucwaningo lwaseNigeria luphethe ngokuthi ukusebenza kwe-biogas kuthuthuke ngokufika 54,44% sibonga ukusetshenziswa kwalokhu kwelashwa uma kuqhathaniswa nemfucuza engazange ibe nenqubo efanayo. Okusho ukuthi, inani lamandla atholakele lalilikhulu kakhulu ngenkathi kusetshenziswa ukwelashwa kwangaphambili, into ebalulekile uma sifuna ukukhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zinsiza ekukhiqizeni amandla ngekhabhoni ephansi.
Ukuthola le miphumela, ibhalansi yamandla yenziwa ukuze kutholwe ukuthi amandla atshalwe kule nqubo ayengaphansi kwamandla atholwe ekugcineni kwawo. Idatha ibonise a ibhalansi yamandla amahle, okusho ukuthi inqubo inenzuzo. Amandla atholiwe awadlula kude amandla asetshenziswe ekwelashweni kwangaphambili, kokubili kusimo samandla ashisayo kanye namandla kagesi.
Ukubaluleka kwemfucuza yezinkukhu ekukhiqizeni i-biogas
I-Los imfucuza yezinkukhu Badlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni i-biogas uma ihlanganiswe nezitshalo ezifana nobhekilanga waseMexico. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi le ndle iqukethe imisoco, okuthi uma ingaphathwa kahle, ibe yingozi emvelweni. Phakathi kwalokhu kungcola kukhona amahomoni, ama-antibiotics, izinsimbi ezisindayo kanye nezakhamzimba okungangena emhlabathini nasemithonjeni yamanzi, kubangele izinkinga zokungcola.
Ukusebenzisa lolu hlobo lwemfucuza ukukhiqiza i-biogas akuxazululi kuphela inkinga yokuqoqwa kwayo, kodwa futhi inikeza isisombululo esinenzuzo nesimeme sokukhiqiza amandla. Kodwa okunye okutholakele okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi nakuba ukulahla izinkukhu kukodwa kungenanzuzo, inhlanganisela yawo nezitshalo, njengobhekilanga waseMexico, inyusa kakhulu inzuzo yayo.
Umthelela wezitshalo ezihlaselayo kwezinye izifunda
Ukusetshenziswa kwezitshalo ezihlaselayo ekukhiqizeni i-biogas akukhona eNigeria kuphela. Kwamanye amazwe anjengeMexico neTaiwan, izindlela zokusebenzisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezihlaselayo ukuze kukhiqizwe ama-biofuels nazo ziyaphenywa. Isibonelo yi- i-camalote noma i-hyacinth yamanzi (Ama-crassipes e-Eichhornia), olunye uhlobo oluhlaselayo olukhula ngokushesha emanzini. Lolu hlobo lwezitshalo lusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza biomethane y ethanol, enikeza isixazululo sendawo nesimeme senkinga yomhlaba wonke.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezitshalo ezihlaselayo kumelela ithuba eliyingqayizivele lokubhekana nezinkinga inkinga yokungcoliswa kwezitshalo futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhiqiza amandla ahlanzekile. Lezi zitshalo zingakhula ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuphathwa okujulile, okuzenza zibe umthombo othengekayo futhi omningi we-biomass.
Ezinye izibonelo zokugaya ukudla ngokubambisana: Amapulazi efekthri eYurophu
EYurophu, ikakhulukazi eSpain, kuye kwenziwa imiklamo ehlukahlukene ye-biogas kusetshenziswa imfucuza evela emapulazini ezimboni. Ezifundeni ezifana neCastilla-La Mancha, lapho ukungcoliswa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba ngodaka kuyinkinga ekhulayo, izitshalo ze-biogas ziye zasetshenziswa ukunciphisa umthelela wendawo. Kodwa-ke, iningi lalezi zitshalo liyaqhubeka nokubhekana nezinselele, njengesidingo sokungenisa imfucuza kwezinye izifunda kanye nezindleko eziphezulu zokuthutha imfucuza yemvelo.
Naphezu kwalezi zinselele, i-biogas ibonakale iyisixazululo esisebenzayo sokulawula udaka nokunye udoti ovela ekufuyweni okujulile, obekungangcolisa kakhulu.
Komasipala like I-Raft ye-Ves, lapho imboni ye-biogas yafakwa eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, ibone ukuncipha kwenani labantu ngenxa yokufakwa kwalawa mapulazi amakhulu, okubonisa ukuthi nakuba ubuchwepheshe be-biogas busebenza kahle, imithelela yezenhlalakahle nezomnotho nayo kufanele ibhekwe ngokonga.
Izici ezibalulekile zokukhiqizwa kwe-biogas ngempumelelo
Ukuphumelela kokukhiqizwa kwe-biogas kuncike ezintweni eziningana:
- Ukuphathwa kukadoti: Qinisekisa ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kwezinto zokusetshenziswa.
- Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili: Ukugaya kwe-Anaerobic kuba ngcono kakhulu lapho ukwelashwa kwangaphambili okuphumelelayo kwenziwa.
- Ibhalansi yamandla: Kubalulekile ukuthi kube nokulinganisa okuhle kwamandla ukuze kuqinisekiswe inzuzo yephrojekthi.
- Ukuncishiswa komthelela kwezemvelo: Faka izinqubo ezinciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa kanye nezinto ezingcolisayo.
Ekugcineni, ukugayeka ndawonye kwemfucuza yezitshalo nezilwane kuyisixazululo esingabizi kakhulu, semvelo futhi esisebenzayo sokukhiqizwa kwe-biogas. Njengoba ucwaningo olwengeziwe olufana nalolo olwenziwe eNigeria naseShayina luqhubeka nokukhombisa ukuthi lungaba nokwenzeka, le ndlela kungenzeka inwebeke kwezinye izifunda ezinezinkinga ezifanayo.
Esimeni somhlaba lapho ukuncishiswa kokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kubaluleke kakhulu, i-biogas inikeza enye indlela eqhubekayo esikhundleni sezibaseli ezimbiwa phansi, kuyilapho ixazulula ezinye izinkinga zemvelo ezibucayi njengokuphathwa kwezinhlobo ezihlaselayo.
Kuye kwaba usizo olukhulu.Isintu sintula isiko lemvelo.Ngiyabonga