Esihlokweni esedlule bengikhuluma ngaso amandla we-geothermal futhi ngaphawula ukuthi ngaphakathi kwamandla avuselelekayo, kukhona aziwa kangcono futhi asetshenziswayo, njengamandla elanga nomoya, namanye angaziwa kancane, njengamandla e-biomass noma i-bioenergy. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe sizofunda konke okuhlobene nalolu hlobo lwamandla avuselelekayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo okungenzeka. I-Bioenergy inamandla amakhulu, njengoba ivumela ukukhiqiza amandla emfucumfucu yemvelo, futhi isetshenziswe kukho kokubili ukukhiqizwa kokushisa nokukhiqizwa kukagesi.
Yini i-biomass energy noma i-bioenergy?
Amandla we-Biomass uhlobo lwamandla avuselelekayo atholakala ngalo ukushiswa kwama-organic compounds, okungase kuvele kwezolimo, ezamahlathi, imfucuza yezimboni noma imfucumfucu kamasipala imbala. Ngokusebenzisa ngokunenzuzo le mithombo yemvelo, akugcini nje ukukhiqizwa amandla, kodwa futhi kunomthelela ekunakekeleni indawo ezungezile ngokugwema ukunqwabelana kwemfucuza. Phakathi kwezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu izinsalela zokuthena, imigodi yomnqumo, amagobolondo amantongomane, imfucumfucu yezinkuni, ngisho nemfucumfucu eqinile yasemadolobheni.
Ngezinqubo ezifana ukuvutha okuqondile noma ukuguqulwa kube ama-biofuels, njengotshwala, i-methanol noma uwoyela, lezi zinto zingakhiqiza amandla. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthola i-biogas ngokuvutshelwa kwezinto eziphilayo. Lokhu kugqamisa i-biomass njengomthombo oguquguqukayo ongasetshenziselwa kokubili ukushisa nokukhiqiza ugesi, futhi kunomthelela umnotho oyindilinga.
Imithombo nezinhlobo ze-biomass
I-biomass esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-bioenergy ingavela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene. Angahlukaniswa ngokwemvelaphi yawo abe:
- I-biomass yemvelo: Ivela ezintweni zezitshalo nezilwane ezenzeka ngokwemvelo ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu, njengezinsalela zehlathi.
- I-biomass eyinsalela: Lokhu udoti okhiqizwa imisebenzi yabantu, efana nezolimo, imfuyo noma imfucuza yezimboni. Izibonelo zihlanganisa ubulongwe noma izinsalela zezitshalo.
- Izitshalo ze-Biomass: Lo mthombo ubhekisela ezitshalweni zamandla ezitshalwe ngokukhethekile ukukhiqiza amandla, njenge-miscanthus noma iminyezane.
Ngaphezu kwezinto ezishiwo, kuneminye imithombo efana nemfucumfucu yezimboni, evela ezimbonini zamaphepha noma zezinkuni, ngisho nemfucumfucu eqinile yasemadolobheni, eyenza i-biomass ibe amandla ahlukahlukene ngempela.
Akhiqizwa kanjani amandla e-biomass?
Amandla atholakala ngokushiswa kwe-biomass, ekhiqizwa kakhulu ngaphakathi ama-boilers akhethekile we-biomass. Lawa ma-boilers ashisa izinsalela eziphilayo ukuze akhiqize ukushisa, kuyilapho amandla engeziwe angagcinwa kuma-accumulators ukuze asetshenziswe kamuva. Okugqamile kule nqubo ukuthi umlotha obangelwa ukusha ungasetshenziswa kabusha njengomanyolo, ngaleyo ndlela kuvalwe umjikelezo futhi kunciphise nakakhulu umthelela wendawo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezitshalweni ezinkulu, zingahlanganiswa nezinjini zophehla ugesi ngokusebenzisa isitimu esikhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokusha. Lokhu kusetshenziswa okukabili, kokubili ukushisa nogesi, kubonisa ukuguquguquka kwe-bioenergy.
Ama-biofuels atholakala ku-biomass
Omunye wemikhiqizo ebaluleke kakhulu etholwe ku-biomass yile ama-biofuel, ezinamandla okushintsha izibaseli zendabuko emikhakheni ethile ebalulekile yezomnotho, njengezokuthutha. Lawa ama-biofuels ayinhloko:
- I-Biodiesel: Itholakala emafutheni emifino kanye namafutha ezilwane. Iyakwazi ukubola futhi ayinazo izinto ezinobuthi ezifana nesibabule, okuyenza ibe enye indawo eluhlaza kunodizili ovamile.
- I-Bioethanol: Uphethiloli owuketshezi owenziwe ngokuvutshelwa kwesitashi esitholakala ezitshalweni ezinjengommbila noma umoba. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuvamile ezixubeni ezinophethiloli ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi engcolisayo.
- Ama-Biogas: Ikhiqizwa ngokubola kwe-anaerobic kwento ephilayo. I-biogas ekhiqizwayo iyingxube ikakhulukazi ye-methane ne-carbon dioxide, engasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza ugesi noma njengophethiloli wezimoto.
Ama-biofuel alawula ukunciphisa ukuncika ezinsizeni ezingavuseleleki futhi abambe iqhaza ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide ngokuba nomjikelezo ovaliwe: i-CO2 ethathwe ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezitshalo ilingana ne-CO2 ekhishwa ngesikhathi sokusha kwazo.
Ukusetshenziswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-biomass eSpain
E-Spain, i-biomass idlala indima efanele ku-matrix yamandla avuselelekayo, ibophezele cishe u-45% wokukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo ezweni. Imiphakathi efana ne-Andalusia, Galicia kanye neCastilla y León ingabanye babathengi abakhulu balolu hlobo lwamandla, ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo ocebile wezolimo namahlathi.
ISpain nayo igqame ezingeni laseYurophu ukukhiqizwa kwe-bioethanol, futhi i-biomass isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukukhiqiza ukushisa, kungaba emakhaya angasese anama-boilers e-biomass noma ezitshalweni zezimboni zokukhiqiza ugesi.
ama-boilers we-biomass
Ama-boilers e-biomass angenye yezinhlelo eziyinhloko ezivumela amandla e-biomass ukuthi asetshenziswe ezindlini nasezakhiwo. Basebenza ngendlela efanayo nama-boilers avamile, kodwa basebenzisa amafutha emvelo afana amapulangwe okhuni, imigodi yomnqumo noma amagobolondo amantongomane. Ngaphezu kokushisa, zingasetshenziswa ukushisa amanzi asekhaya, ukufeza ukusebenza kahle kwamandla okuphawulekayo.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwayo, ama-accumulator avamise ukufakwa agcina ukushisa okukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokusha ukuze kusetshenziswe ngezinye izikhathi. Lobu buchwepheshe bukhona kokubili ezindlini nasezindaweni ezinkulu zezimboni.
Izinzuzo ze-biomass energy
I-Biomass inikeza izinzuzo eziningi ngokuqhathaniswa neminye imithombo yamandla:
- Amandla avuselelekayo nangapheli: Ivela ezinsizeni eziphilayo ezivuselelwa njalo, i-biomass ingumthombo wamandla esimeme wesikhathi eside.
- Ukunciphisa amagesi abamba ukushisa: Ngokusebenzisa imfucuza yezinto eziphilayo kanye nokubamba i-CO2 ohlelweni lokukhiqiza lezi zinsiza, i-biomass inciphisa kakhulu ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni.
- Ukukhuthazwa komnotho oyindilinga: Ngokusebenzisa imfucuza ebingalahlwa ngenye indlela, uthuthukisa umnotho oyindilinga futhi uvimbele ukunqwabelana kwemfucuza.
- Ezomnotho: Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi, i-biomass inezindleko eziphansi kakhulu, okuyenza ibe yindlela ethengekayo emiphakathini eminingi.
Ukungalungi kanye nezinselelo ze-bioenergy
Naphezu kwezinzuzo zayo eziningi, i-biomass nayo ibhekana nezinselele ezithile:
- Ukusebenza kwamandla aphansi: Ezinye izinhlobo ze-biomass zinenani eliphansi lamandla, okusho ukuthi inani elikhulu lezinto ezidingekayo ukukhiqiza amandla anele.
- Izindleko zengqalasizinda: Izindleko zokuqala zokufaka izitshalo ezikhethekile zokucubungula kanye nama-boilers ziphezulu, okungaba isithiyo ekutholweni okukhulu.
- Umthelela wemvelo: Nakuba i-biomass ivuseleleka, ukuxhashazwa kwayo ngokweqile kanye nokusetshenziswa ngokunganaki kungabangela ukugawulwa kwamahlathi futhi kuthinte i-ecosystem yendawo.
Naphezu kwalezi zinselelo, ukusungulwa kwezinto ezintsha mayelana ne-bioenergy kuyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwayo nokunciphisa imithelela yayo.
Kafushane, i-biomass energy iyithuba elibalulekile lokudlulela ekusaseni elisimeme. Ikhono layo lokusebenzisa udoti wemvelo, ukukhiqiza amandla kanye nokunciphisa ukuncika emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi kuyenza ibe esinye sezixazululo ezithembisayo ngaphakathi koguquko lwamandla omhlaba.