Ibhuzu le- 2026 Lokhu kuphawula iphuzu lokungabuyeli emuva kwenqubomgomo yesimo sezulu ye-European Union. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingana yokuhlolwa kanye nemibiko ngaphandle kwezindleko eziqondile, i- Indlela Yokulungisa Umngcele Wekhabhoni Ingena esigabeni sayo sokugcina futhi iqala ukuba nomthelela wangempela kwezomnotho ekungenisweni kwemikhiqizo ethile.
Kuzinkampani ezithengisa emakethe yaseYurophu, ikakhulukazi lezo insimbi, insimbi, i-aluminium, umanyolo, usimende, i-hydrogen kanye nogesiI-CBAM ayibe yindaba ecatshangelwayo futhi iba yinto ebalulekile lapho kubekwa amanani, kuxoxiswana ngezinkontileka futhi kuhlelwe ukulandelelwa kwezimpahla zayo kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi.
Ingabe inkampani yakho isilungele isikhathi esisha sokugcina se-CBAM?
IKhomishini yaseYurophu ishicilele Izibuyekezo ezibalulekile zomthetho Lezi zinguquko zilungisa kokubili izidingo zokubika kanye nokubalwa kwezindleko ezihlobene nokukhishwa kwegesi okubangelwa yizimpahla ezingeniswayo. Ezinkampanini eziningi, ukwazi ngalezi zinguquko kusengaphambili kungenza umehluko phakathi kokushintsha okubushelelezi kanye nokwenyuka okungalindelekile kwezindleko.
Uma usebenza ngaphakathi ukungenisa, intela, ezokuthutha, ukuhweba kwamanye amazwe, ukuthobela imithetho, ezezimali noma ukusimama Futhi uma uphatha ukugeleza kwezimpahla emikhakheni ethintekile, uhlelo olusha alusho nje kuphela amaphepha engeziwe: luthinta isakhiwo semali engenayo, ukukhetha kwabaphakeli, kanye nalokho kanye isu lokuhwebelana ne-EU.
Iyini i-CBAM futhi izoshintsha kanjani ngo-2026?
El I-CBM I-Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBRM) "intela yekhabhoni" eyaziwayo yaseYurophu. Umgomo wayo oyinhloko uwukuthi vimbela ukuvuza kwekhabhoniOkusho ukuthi, ukuvimbela izinkampani ukuthi zithuthele ukukhiqizwa kwazo emazweni anemithethonqubo yezemvelo exegayo bese zithengisa imikhiqizo yazo e-EU ngaphandle kokufaka izindleko zesimo sezulu ngaphakathi.
Ngesikhathi isikhathi sokuguquka 2023-2025Abangenisi bekufanele kuphela memezela ukukhishwa kwegesi ezihlotshaniswa nezimpahla ezimboziwe, ngaphandle kokuzikhokhela. Leso sigaba sasebenza ekuqoqeni idatha, ukuhlola izindlela kanye nokulungisa izinhlelo zokubika zezinkampani kanye neziphathimandla.
Kuzo UJanuwari 1 we-2026, indlela ingena uhlelo oluqondileNgaphezu kokubika, abangenisi kuzodingeka bathole Izitifiketi ze-CBAM ezibonisa inani lokukhishwa kwe-COâ‚‚ okufakwe emikhiqizweni yabo, ngentengo ehambisana ne- Uhlelo Lokuhweba Ngezikhisi ZaseYurophu (i-EU ETS).
Empeleni, lokhu kusho ukuthi ukungeniswa kwezimpahla ezithile kuzoncika ku-a izindleko ezengeziwe kuhlotshaniswa nomphumela wayo wekhabhoni. Lezi zindleko zizobalwa ngama-€/tonne e-CO₂, ngenani elimaphakathi lekota ngo-2026 kanye nenani lamasonto onke kusukela ngo-2027 kuqhubeke, kulandela intengo yendali yokukhishwa kwegesi ku-EU ETS.
Imikhakha kanye nemikhiqizo ethintekile ohlelweni lokugcina
I-CBAM igxile emikhakheni ene- ukukhishwa okukhulu komoya futhi ihlobene nemboni yaseYurophu. Okuyinhloko yayo yile:
- Ikhonkolo
- I-Aluminium
- Umanyolo
- Izinsimbi zensimbi (insimbi nensimbi)
- IHydrogen
- Ugesi
Le mikhiqizo yayivele ihlolwe ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuguquka, kodwa ngokusetshenziswa okugcwele kwendlela manje ihlotshaniswa ngqo ne- Ukuthengwa nokulethwa kwezitifiketi ze-CBAM ngabangenisi bezimpahla e-EU.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ku Disemba 2025 i-European Union yanquma yandisa ukufinyelela kwe-CBAM ukwengeza uhla olubanzi lwezimpahla zezimboni ukuze zicutshungulwe kabanzi ochungechungeni lwenani. Lezi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, yimikhiqizo ene- okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwensimbi kanye ne-aluminium, ngesilinganiso esingu-79% salezi zinto.
Sekukonke, cishe Izinto ezintsha ezingu-180phakathi kwabo abaningi imikhiqizo yensimbi nensimbi (njengemipayipi, izakhiwo, izinto zikaloliwe, noma izikulufo), uhlu oluchaziwe lwe imishini yezimboni kanye nemishini futhi ezithile izindlu zasendliniLokhu kwanda kuqinisa ukuhambisana kohlelo futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokuphambukisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ezimpahleni eziqediwe noma ezicutshungulwe kancane.
Izindlela zokwenza lula kanye nokunciphisa umthwalo wokuphatha
Iqaphela umthelela ongaba khona emkhakheni webhizinisi, i-EU yethule uchungechunge lwezinhlelo imithetho elula ukunciphisa umthwalo wokulawula, ikakhulukazi kuma-SME kanye nabaqhubi abancane.
Isinyathelo esiyinhloko ukulungiswa kwe- umkhawulo omncane wamathani angu-50 kwezimpahla ezingeniswa yi-CBAM. Ukuthengiselana okungaphansi kwalesi sisindo kuzokhululwa endleleni, okuzothi, ngokwezibalo ze-EU, kukhululeke 90% wabangenisiikakhulukazi amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi kanye nabantu ngabanye.
Izinqubo nazo zilungisiwe ukugunyazwa kwabadalulayo, indlela yokubala ukukhishwa kwegesi, amafomethi okubika kanye nokuhambisana nezibopho zezimali, ngenhloso yokwenza uhlelo lube iyalawuleka ezinkampanini ezigxila kakhulu kumthamo wokukhishwa kwegesi.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iBrussels iklame i- isu eliqinisiwe lokulwa nokubalekela intela ukuvala izindlela zokubaleka ezingaba khona, njengokuphambukisa ukuhweba emikhiqizweni engamboziwe, imisebenzi ephindwe kathathu, noma ukubika okunganele kokukhishwa kwegesi ochungechungeni lokuphakelwa.
Ukubalwa kokukhishwa kwegesi kanye nendlela entsha kagesi
Esinye sezici ezibucayi kakhulu ze-CBAM yi- indlela yokubala ukukhishwa okungabonakali kwemikhiqizo engenisiwe. IKhomishini yaseYurophu ibilokhu ilungisa le mithetho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo luqinile futhi luyasebenza emabhizinisini nakubahloli.
Esimweni esithile se- ugesiIndlela yokunquma amanani anqunyelwe ngaphambiliKuze kube manje, kwasetshenziswa isici sokukhishwa komoya esisekelwe kakhulu kumafutha emvelo ezwe elithumela kwamanye amazwe. Ngenguquko, ukubalwa kuzobonisa ukuqina kwekhabhoni kwazo zonke izinhlobo zemithombo yokukhiqiza yalelo zwe, okuhlanganisa amandla okushisa, okuzonciphisa izibopho ze-CBAM ezimweni eziningi.
Lokhu kuguqulwa kuhambisana ne- ukwenza lula izimo ukuze bakwazi ukumemezela ukukhishwa kukagesi kwangempela, okwenza kube lula kubasebenzi abanedatha ethembekile neqinisekisiwe ukuthi bazuze ekubalweni kwezimali okuhambisana kakhulu neqiniso labo lokukhiqiza.
Kumikhiqizo esele, kugcinwa imithetho ethile yokubala ezovumela abangenisi ukuthi bakhethe phakathi kwamanani azenzakalelayo kanye idatha yangempela eqinisekisiweuma nje behlangabezana nezidingo zobuchwepheshe nezokuhlolwa kwezimali ezibekwe kumthethonqubo we-CBAM.
Izimemezelo ezigunyaziwe, izitifiketi kanye nezinsuku zokugcina ezibalulekile
Uhlaka olusha luqinisekisa ukuthi kuphela Izimemezelo ezigunyaziwe ze-CBAM bazokwazi ukuphatha ukungenisa impahla ngokuya ngendlela. Abangenisi be-EU, noma abameleli babo bentela, bedlula umkhawulo we Amathani we-50 Izimpahla ze-CBAM kumele zicele lesi simo.
Isikhathi esinqunyiwe sokucela ukuqashelwa njengo isimemezeli esigunyaziwe uqaphele I-31 March ka-2026Izinkampani ezingabhaliswanga kahle futhi ezingagunyaziwe ngesikhathi zingase zibhekane nezingqinamba ezinkulu ekuqhubekeni nokwethula imikhiqizo emboziwe emakethe Yomphakathi.
I-Los Izitifiketi ze-CBAM izotholakala ngaphambi iziphathimandla zikazwelonke ezifanele kulelo nalelo zwe eliyiLungu. Intengo yalo izoxhunyaniswa ngqo nenani lendali lamalungelo e- I-EU RCDE, kuvezwe ngaphakathi €/ton ye-CO₂: isilinganiso sekota ngo-2026 kanye nesilinganiso samasonto onke kusukela ngo-2027 kuya phambili.
Njalo ngonyaka, abangenisi kumele memezela ukukhishwa kwegesi ezihambisana nokungeniswa kwazo kanye letha inani elifanele lezitifiketi kugunyazwe likazwelonke. Ubuningi bezitifiketi ezizobuyiselwa buzoncika ku- ukukhishwa okungabonakali ngomkhiqizo ngamunye ongenisiwekungakhathaliseki ukuthi kubalwa ngedatha yangempela noma ngamanani azenzakalelayo amukelwe.
Amapharamitha okubhekisela kanye nobudlelwano ne-EU ETS
Esinye isici esisathuthukiswa yilesi izilinganiso ze-CBAMKulindeleke ukuthi zitholakale ku- 2026, uma sekunamapharamitha okubhekisela ku- I-EU RCDE, abazogcina ubuhlobo obuseduze nabo.
IKhomishini yaseYurophu izochaza amanani okubhekisela ajwayelekile ezimelela inqubo ejwayelekile yokukhiqiza yomkhiqizo ngamunye ofakiwe kule ndlela. Lawa manani azosebenza njengesiqondiso sokunquma ukuthi ubungako babuyoba buyini. amalungelo okusakaza mahhala kwabelwe uma ukukhiqizwa kwenzeke ngaphakathi kwe-EU.
Abangenisi bazokwazi ukusebenzisa idatha eqinisekisiwe evela kubahlinzeki bakho ukukhombisa izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezihlukile kwezindinganiso, okungavula umnyango wokusetshenziswa kwe amapharamitha okubhekisela ahlukile kungcono kakhulu uma kukhona umthelela ophansi wekhabhoni.
Ngokuphathelene nesikhathi sokuguquka, kulindeleke ukuthi imithetho ye- ukubalwa kokukhishwa okungabonakali Bazobhekana nokulungiswa okuthile, ukuze bavumelane kahle nalezi zilinganiso ezintsha kanye nomqondo we-EU ETS esigabeni sayo sakamuva.
Izimemezelo zonyaka, i-TARIC kanye nokulawulwa kwempahla yamasiko
Uhlelo lwesibopho sokubika luqiniswa futhi ukuqala kokusebenza kwe-CBAM. May 31 we-2027Abamemezeli abagunyaziwe kumele bathumele njalo ngonyaka Isitatimende se-CBAM okuhlobene nonyaka odlule.
Leso simemezelo kumele sithunyelwe ku- igunya elifanele leLizwe Elilungu ngaphambi kukaMeyi 31 njalo ngonyaka futhi izoqoqa, phakathi kwezinye imininingwane, inani lokungeniswa okumboziwe, ukukhishwa okungabonakali kanye nezitifiketi ze-CBAM ezitholiwe futhi zalethwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abadayisi kuzodingeka ukuthi thumela inani elithile lezitifiketi ngaphambili 1 ngoJulayi yonyaka ngamunye. Inani lezitifiketi ezizokhishwa lizoxhunyaniswa ngqo nezinga elimenyezelwe lokukhishwa kwegesi okufakiwe, ukuze kube khona ukuhambisana kwezimali phakathi kokungeniswa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, idatha yokukhishwa kwegesi kanye namabhondi akhishwe.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-CBAM izohlanganiswa nezinqubo zokukhokha nge- ukufakwa kwamakhodi edokhumenti ethize ye-TARIC ekumemezelweni kokungeniswa kwezimpahla ezithintekile kusukela mhla lu-1 kuJanuwari 2026.
Phakathi kwala makhodi, okulandelayo kuyagqama, isibonelo: Y128, ekhomba inombolo ye-akhawunti ye-CBAM, noma amakhodi Y135 y Y136okuhlanganisa okuhlukile kwezimpahla ezixhunywe emisebenzini yezempi noma ukukhiqizwa kukagesi ne-hydrogen. Ikhodi Y137 Isetshenziselwa umthetho we-de minimis (umkhawulo omncane ongasebenzi kugesi noma i-hydrogen), kuyilapho Y238 Kubonisa ukuthi isicelo sokuqashelwa njengesimemezelo se-CBAM Yathunyelwa ngaphambi komhla zingama-31 kuNdasa 2026.
Umthelela wezomnotho kanye nendima yolwazi lokukhishwa kwegesi
Ngale kwezinga lokulawula ngokuqinile, i-CBAM yethula ingxenye yezindleko okungase kushintshe ukuncintisana okulinganiselwe kwabahlinzeki abahlukahlukene bamazwe ngamazwe. Umthengisi waseYurophu uzoba nesibopho ngokomthetho sokumemezela kanye nokukhokha, kodwa ukwabiwa kwezindleko zekhabhoni kuzonqunywa ku izingxoxo zebhizinisi.
Ezimweni eziningi, abathengi be-EU bazozama ukudluliselwa kumhlinzeki ingxenye noma zonke izindleko ezihambisana nezitifiketi ze-CBAM, kungaba ngezaphulelo zamanani, ukubuyekezwa kwenkontileka, noma izinguquko esisekelweni sokuhlinzeka. Lesi simo esisha siguqula uphawu lwekhabhoni oluqinisekisiwe njengenye into engxoxweni mayelana namanani nemibandela.
Inselele enkulu yezinkampani ezithumela kwamanye amazwe akuyona nje ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi emzimbeni wazo, kodwa futhi nokufinyelela idatha eqinile, elandelekayo nengahlolwaUhlelo ludinga ukulinganiswa okucacile kokukhishwa okuqondile (ububanzi 1), ukukhishwa okutholakala kugesi osetshenzisiwe (ububanzi 2) futhi, kwezinye izimo, ingxenye yobubanzi 3 ixhunywe kokufakwayo okufanele.
Lokhu kuhilela ukutshala imali ku izinhlelo zokulinganisa, zokuqinisekisa kanye nezokubika, kanye nokulungiswa kwezinqubo zangaphakathi, okuhambisana ne emisha kanye nokusimamaIzinkampani ezinganikeza amakhasimende azo aseYurophu ulwazi oluqinile mayelana nokukhishwa kwegesi, ngokuqinisekiswa okuzimele kanye nohlelo lokunciphisa oluthembekile, zizoba sesimweni esingcono.
Umphumela ongokoqobo ukuthi i-CBAM isebenza njenge- isihlungi semaketheLabo ababonisa ukukhushulwa kwekhabhoni okuncane kanye nokulawulwa kwedatha okuhle bazoba nethuba lokuncintisana, kuyilapho labo abangakwazi ukuzithethelela ngokukhishwa kwabo komoya bazobhekana nezindleko eziphakeme kanye nokulahlekelwa ama-oda okungenzeka.
Ukuncishiswa kwemali, ukuthobela imithetho kanye nohlelo lwesijeziso
Umklamo walo mshini uyavuma ukuthi, kwamanye amazwe, intengo yekhabhoni ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwezimpahla ezithunyelwa e-EU. Ukuze kugwenywe intela ephindwe kabili, uhlelo luvumela abangenisi funa ukuncishiswa okulingana nezindleko zekhabhoni esezikhokhiwe kakade ezweni lemvelaphi.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuzodingeka ukuthi uhlinzeke ubufakazi obanele ukuthi intengo yekhabhoni ikhokhwe ngempela, ngenani elingakanani, futhi ngaphansi kwaluphi uhlelo lokulawula. Amadokhumenti anganele noma angenakuqinisekiswa angabangela ukuthi ukuncishiswa kungamukelwa noma kubuyekezwe yiziphathimandla kamuva.
Uma kwenzeka ukwephula noma ukungahambisani kwedatha emenyezelwe, imithethonqubo ihlinzeka ngesethi yezijeziso. Enye yezinto ezicacile kakhulu inhlawulo ka-€100 ngethani le-CO₂ engadalulwangaokungaba yinani elikhulu ekuthengiselaneni kwevolumu ethile.
Iziphathimandla zikazwelonke nazo zinamandla okubeka izinhlawulo ezengeziwe zokuphatha kanye nokufuna ukusebenza kwe ukuhlolwa kwangaphandle ngezindleko zomngenisi wezimpahla, uma ebona ukungalungi okukhulu noma okuphindaphindiwe ezimemezelweni ze-CBAM.
Ezimweni zokungalandeli imithetho okuhleliwe noma okukhulu kakhulu, ngisho nalokhu okulandelayo kuyacatshangelwa: ukulahlekelwa yisimo sokufaka isimangalo esigunyaziweokuyinto empeleni engavimba ithuba lokuqhubeka nokungenisa imikhiqizo ngokuya ngendlela yemakethe ye-EU.
I-CBAM kanye ne-ajenda eluhlaza yaseYurophu ngemuva kuka-2026
Ukufakwa kokugcina kwe-CBAM akuveli kodwa. Kuhambisana nokuqala kokusebenza kwamanye amazwe. amazinga abalulekile e-ajenda eluhlaza IYurophu, yize ilawula izindawo ezahlukene, ikhomba ohlangothini olufanayo lokuqinisa ukuzinza kanye nokuvikelwa kwemakethe yangaphakathi.
Phakathi kwezinyathelo eziphawuleka kakhulu ukuqaliswa kwe-a ipulatifomu yedatha evamile ngezinto zamakhemikhali, okuhloswe ngayo ukuhlanganisa ulwazi, ukuthuthukisa ukucaca kanye nokwenza kube lula ukubambisana phakathi kweziphathimandla zikazwelonke, izinkampani kanye nezakhamuzi ezingozini zamakhemikhali.
Zibuyekezwa njalo ngezikhathi ezithile ukuthengwa komphakathi kanye nemingcele yemvume ezidinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinqubo zaseYurophu, ukuze kulungiswe le mingcele ukuze ivumelane nentuthuko yezomnotho kanye nezibopho zomhlaba wonke ezithathwa yi-EU.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, okusha imithetho yokuphepha kwamathoyizi eqala ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni ngo-2026, yize ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuphoqelekile kuhlehliswa kuze kube Agasti 2030Lesi sikhathi sihloselwe ukuvumela lo mkhakha ukuthi uzivumelanise nezidingo ezidinga kakhulu, ikakhulukazi maqondana amakhemikhali ayingozi ekhona emikhiqizweni yezingane.
Iqoqo lalezi zinyathelo, lapho i-CBAM ingenye yezingcezu ezibalulekile, libonisa isifiso seBrussels sokuhlanganisa imodeli yezomnotho esimeme kakhudlwana, lapho imithetho yezemvelo, ukuphepha kanye nokungafihli lutho iqinisana, noma ngabe lokhu kuhilela ukungezwani nemikhakha ethile yezimboni ekhathazekile ngokuncintisana kwayo kwamazwe ngamazwe.
Ukuqala kokusebenza kwe-CBAM okuqondile kwenza uphawu lwekhabhoni Lokhu sekuyinto ebonakalayo eguquguqukayo ezindlekweni zokungenisa e-European Union futhi kuphoqa izinkampani eYurophu nakwamanye amazwe ukuthi zibukeze izinqubo zazo, izinkontileka, kanye nedatha yokukhishwa kwegesi ngokujulile. Kulabo abathengisa usimende, i-aluminium, umanyolo, izinsimbi zensimbi, i-hydrogen, noma ugesi emakethe ye-EU, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo akusadingeki: ukulinganisa okunembile, ukuqinisekiswa, kanye nokubika sekuba yinto ebaluleke njengentengo yomkhiqizo uqobo, endaweni yokulawula ezoqhubeka nokuguquka eminyakeni ezayo.
