Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Samandla Avuselelekayo (Umenzi) yenza iphrojekthi entsha, I-cyclalg, kugxilwe ku isiko le-microalgae ukukhiqizwa kwe-biodiesel. Ngokubambisana ne-Neiker-Tecnalia, CB2G kanye nabanye ozakwethu be-consortium, i-Cyclalg ifuna ukusebenzisa i-microalgae biomass njengomthombo wamandla esimeme.
Phakathi nengxenye yokuqala ka-2017, ochwepheshe be-Cener's Biomass Department bakwazile ukuvuna okokuqala. I-12 kg ye-microalgae biomass entsha. Lokhu kuqhubekela phambili okubalulekile kudlule obekulindelwe ngokwezinto eziqinile kanye nokugcwala kwe-lipid, kugqamisa okuqukethwe kwe-lipid engaphezu kuka-50%, okubalulekile ekukhiqizeni ngempumelelo kwe-biodiesel.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha we-microalgae we-biodiesel
Uwoyela okhishwe ku-microalgae ovuniwe uhlolelwe wona ngokufanelekile ukukhiqizwa kwe-biodiesel. Le nqubo ibiphethwe i-Qatar-CRITT, uzakwethu wephrojekthi, okhethekile ekuguquleni i-biomass ibe ama-biofuels. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye kwenziwa ucwaningo olunzulu ukuze kuhlolwe izinga le-biodiesel etholiwe futhi kuhlolwe amandla ayo emakethe yezimboni. Lokhu kuhlaziya kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kwezobuchwepheshe nokuhwebelana kwama-biofuels atholakala ku-microalgae.
I-Biodiesel ekhiqizwa ku-microalgae, ngokocwaningo oluvela kwamanye amaphrojekthi afanayo, inganikeza ukwehla okungafika ku-90% ekukhishweni kwe-CO2 uma kuqhathaniswa nezibaseli zendabuko. Eqinisweni, ama-microalgae aziwa ngekhono lawo lokulungisa i-carbon dioxide, okuwenza abe yisixazululo esikhangayo sokukhishwa kwe-carbonization kwezokuthutha zasolwandle, umhlaba kanye nomoya.
Izinjongo zephrojekthi ye-Cyclalg
El umgomo oyinhloko yephrojekthi ye-Cyclalg yi- ukuthuthukiswa nokuqinisekiswa kobuchwepheshe izixazululo ezintsha zokukhiqizwa kwe-biodiesel ngokutshalwa kwe-microalgae. Ngaphezu kokucwaninga ngokukhiqizwa kwe-biofuel, iphrojekthi iphinde ifune ukwakha uhlelo lwezomnotho oluzinzile ezingakhiqiza eminye imikhiqizo etholakala ku-microalgae, njengomanyolo, izimonyo namakhemikhali embonini yokunamathisela kanye ne-polyols.
Le ndlela idlula ukukhiqizwa kwamandla nje, ithatha imodeli ye umnotho oyindilinga eyenza izinsiza ezingcono kakhulu, ukunciphisa ukumoshwa nokuthuthukisa ukusimama. Enye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zale modeli ukuhlanganiswa kwamasu okukhipha uketshezi lwe-hydrothermal (HTL), inqubo eyinhloko eguqula i-biomass emanzi ekhiqizwa ibe yi-biocrude.
Indlela esekelwe emnothweni oyindilinga
Esinye sezici ezifanele kakhulu zephrojekthi ye-Cyclalg indlela yayo yokuya ku-a i-microalgae biorefinery. Ngokuhlanganisa izinqubo ezithuthukisiwe zokuhlaziya i-biomass, iphrojekthi ithatha indima ebalulekile ekuzameni ukwenza okuningi kwezinto ezitholakala ku-microalgae nokunciphisa udoti ube omncane. Le ndlela eyisiyingi ihlanganisa ukwazisa yonke imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa ohlelweni lokutshalwa nokukhishwa kukawoyela, ngaleyo ndlela kube neqhaza ekusimameni komnotho kanye nemvelo.
Ngokwesibonelo, ingxenye amanzi asalayo esetshenziswa phakathi nezigaba ezithile zenqubo yokutshalwa kwe-microalgae ingabuye ihlanganiswe ohlelweni njengokudla kolwelwe ngokwalo, okwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwemithombo yamanzi. Ngale ndlela, ukukhiqizwa kwama-biofuels akugcini nje ngokuba umthombo wamandla ahlanzekile, kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza, kunciphise imithelela yemvelo.
Ezezimali kanye nokusebenzisana kwamazwe ngamazwe
Iphrojekthi ye-Cyclalg yathuthukiswa phakathi kuka-2014 no-2020, ngesabelomali se 1,4 million euro, ixhaswe ngama-65% yi-European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe-Interreg VA Spain-France-Andorra Program (I-POCTEFA 2014-2020). Lokhu kuxhasana ngezimali kuvumela ukubambisana okunqamula imingcele phakathi kweSpain neFrance ocwaningweni lwamandla avuselelekayo kanye nokukhiqizwa okusimeme kwama-biofuels.
NgoJulayi 2017, a umhlangano wokulandelela ekomkhulu laseCener eSarriguren (Navarra), lapho ozakwethu bephrojekthi ngokuhlanganyela babuyekeze impumelelo futhi bachaza izinyathelo ezilandelayo zokuqhubekisela phambili ucwaningo.
Izixazululo ezintsha nezinzuzo ezengeziwe
Iphrojekthi yeCyclalg yethuliwe izixazululo ezintsha ukuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo. Enye yezinsika zayo eziqine kakhulu ukusimama kwemvelo yenqubo yokukhiqiza i-biodiesel, engagcini nje ngokufuna ukuthola amandla ngokuphumelelayo, kodwa futhi ibheka ukuncishiswa kwemfucuza kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwemikhiqizo ekhiqizwayo.
Ngaphezu kwe-biodiesel, i-microalgae inamandla okukhiqiza ezinye izinto eziphilayo enenani eliphakeme lokuhweba, njengezimonyo, umanyolo, ukudla kanye nemikhiqizo yemboni yamakhemikhali. Lokhu kuguquguquka kwenza i-microalgae ibe enye indlela ethembisayo emikhakheni efana nama-biofuel esizukulwane sesithathu kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO2.
Njengoba iphrojekthi iqhubeka, i inqubo scalability. Uma imiphumela iyimihle, amasu athuthukiswe e-Cyclalg anganwetshwa kwezinye izindawo zezimboni ezithintwe isidingo sokunciphisa i-carbon footprint yazo.
Iqiniso lokuthi ulwelwe oluncane aluqhudelani nezinye izitshalo ekukhiqizeni ukudla lubanika a inzuzo ebalulekile uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imithombo ye-bioenergy, njengezitshalo ezinikezelwe ngokukhethekile ekukhiqizeni ama-biofuels.
Okokugcina, ukusetshenziswa kwe-microalgae ekukhiqizeni ama-biofuels, njengalokho okuxoxwe ngakho e-Cyclalg, kubonakala njengenye yezixazululo ezithembisayo kakhulu zokunciphisa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuqhubekela phambili esikhathini esizayo samandla esimeme.