Kuwo wonke umlando kuye kwaba nososayensi abaye bagqama emsebenzini wabo emikhakheni ehlukene yesayensi. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngomunye wezibalo ezibaluleke kakhulu kusayensi yezilwane kanye nokongiwa kwezilwane ezisengozini: isazi sezilwane saseNyakatho Melika. UDian Fossey. Lona wesifazane wanikela ingxenye enkulu yempilo yakhe ocwaningweni nasekuvikelweni kwama-gorilla futhi wayengomunye wabacwaningi abathathu abavelele kanye noJane Goodall noBirutÄ— Galdikas, abaziwa ngokuthi "Izingelosi eziLeakey." UFossey wawushintsha unomphela umbono wama-gorilla futhi waba iphayona ekulweleni ukongiwa kwalezi zilwane. Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela mayelana ne-biography yakhe, izenzo zakhe ezinhle, nezinselele abhekana nazo phakathi nomsebenzi wakhe wokuvikela lezi zilwane.
Wayengubani uDian Fossey?
UDian Fossey wazalwa ngo-January 16, 1932 eSan Francisco, e-U.S.A. Kusukela esemncane, wabonisa uthando olukhulu ngezilwane, nakuba ekuqaleni umsebenzi wakhe wawuthatha uhlangothi oluhlukile. Ngo-1954 wathola iziqu ze-Occupational Therapy e-San José State University futhi wasebenza iminyaka eminingana esibhedlela eKentucky. Nokho, ukuphila kwakhe kwashintsha ngokuphelele lapho, ephefumulelwe umsebenzi wesayensi yezilwane UGeorge Schaller, wanquma ukunikezela ukuphila kwakhe esifundweni sama-gorilla.
Ngo-1963, uFossey wonga imali eyanele ukuze ahambe aye e-Afrika, lapho ahlangana khona ne-paleontologist edumile Louis Leakey. ULeakey, owakhuthaza ukucwaninga ngezinkawu ezinkulu njengesihluthulelo sokuqonda ukuziphendukela kwemvelo komuntu, waba nethonya elikhulu kuFossey. Lo mhlangano wawunqumela isazi sezilwane ukuba siqale ucwaningo lwaso ngamagorila asezintabeni, okwakuzomholela kamuva ekubeni omunye wabavikeli abakhulu balezi zilwane.
Wabuyela e-US ngemva kohambo lwakhe lokuqala, kodwa ngo-1966, ngokusekelwa yi-National Geographic kanye ne-Wilkie Foundation, uFossey wabuyela e-Afrika. Wakha isizinda sakhe eziNtabeni zeVirunga, endaweni manje ebizwa ngokuthi iRwanda, lapho asungula khona iSikhungo Sokucwaninga Karisoke ngo-1967. Lesi sikhungo, esiphakathi kwezintaba iKarisimbi neVisoke, saba umnyombo womsebenzi wakhe wesayensi.
Umsebenzi oyingozi
Umsebenzi kaFossey wawuhlale ugcwele ubunzima. I gorilla, ekubeni ezindaweni ezikude futhi ngaphandle kokuthintana njalo nabantu, kwakuyizilwane okunzima ukuzifundela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abazingeli abangekho emthethweni bamelela enye inselele enkulu. UFossey wabhekana nale ngozi eqhubekayo, hhayi nje ngenxa yocwaningo lwakhe, kodwa ngenxa yokuvikela lezi zinkawu ezisongelwa. Phakathi neminyaka yokuqala yomsebenzi wakhe eRwanda, uFossey walwa yedwa, ngaphandle kokusekelwa okukhulu okuvela kozakwabo noma izikhungo, okwandisa izinselele okwakudingeka abhekane nazo nsuku zonke.
Nokho, ukuqina kwakhe kwaba nemiphumela emihle. Ngemva kweminyaka yokubhekisisa kahle, wakwazi ukuqonda indlela ama-gorilla aziphatha ngayo futhi aze athembeke. Lokhu kwamvumela ukuthi adilize inkolelo ethandwayo yokuthi ama-gorilla ayizidalwa ezinolaka, ukulandisa okugqugquzelwa amafilimu afana King Kong. Ngokubona kwabo, ngemva kwamahora angaphezu kuka-2.000 ocwaningo, imizuzu embalwa kuphela yesikhathi sabo engabhekwa njengokuziphatha okunonya. UFossey wabonisa ukuthi ama-gorilla ayeyizidalwa ezinokuthula nezinokuthula.
Usongo lwabazingeli abangekho emthethweni alwenzanga nje umsebenzi wabo ube inkimbinkimbi, kodwa futhi lwabeka engcupheni ukulondolozwa kwalolu hlobo lwezilwane. U-Fossey wabhekana nalokhu kusongela ngesibindi, waze wafika ekubekeni izicupho ukuze abambe futhi abophe abazingeli lapho bengena eziqiwini zama-gorilla.
Ukuzingela inkawu okungekho emthethweni
UDian Fossey akazange ayeke ukulwela ukuvikelwa kwama-gorilla, ngisho nalapho lokhu kwakusho ukubhekana nohulumeni waseRwanda uqobo. Ukuzinikela kwakhe kwaba kangangokuthi wasebenzisa amasu angajwayelekile ukuthusa abantu basemakhaya nabazingeli abasondela endaweni yakhe yocwaningo. Isibonelo, wayegqoka izifihla-buso futhi enze abantu bendawo bakholelwe ukuthi ungumthakathi, okwasebenza isikhathi esithile ukuvikela ama-gorilla akhe kanye nezifundo zakhe.
Nokho, isenzakalo esasizomphawula phakade kwakuwukufa kuka I-Digit, igorila ayenobuhlobo obuseduze kakhulu nalo. UDigit wabulawa abazingeli ngokungemthetho ngo-1977, futhi ukufa kwakhe okunobudlova kwamthinta ngokujulile uFossey, okwathi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke wayiphinda kabili imizamo yakhe yokuvikela ama-gorilla. Ukuze ahloniphe inkumbulo yakhe, wasungula i- I-Digit Foundation, ngenhloso yokuqoqa izimali zokuvikela ama-gorilla asezintabeni. Le nhlangano isekhona nanamuhla ngaphansi kwegama Isikhwama se-Dian Fossey Gorilla futhi uyaqhubeka nokulwela ukongiwa kwalezi zilwane.
Uhlangothi olumnyama lukaDian Fossey
Naphezu kokuzinikezela kwakhe kuma-gorilla, uFossey naye wayengumuntu ophikisanayo ngenxa yokuqina ayelwela ngakho imbangela yakhe. Emzamweni wakhe wokuvikela ama-gorilla, akazange angabaze ukusebenzisa izindlela ezeqisayo. UFossey waze washisa izindlu zabazingeli ngokungemthetho futhi ngezinye izikhathi wajezisa ngisho nasemzimbeni abantu ayebabheka njengababangela ukuhlupheka kwama-gorilla.
Indlela yakhe yokulingisa yamtholela izitha eziningi, hhayi nje kubazingeli ngokungemthetho, kodwa nasezikhungweni zikahulumeni. UFossey wayesolwa ngokuziphatha okucwasa abantu bendawo, futhi ubudlelwano bakhe nabasebenzi basepaki kazwelonke babuvame ukuba muncu futhi bube nzima.
Naphezu kwalezi zici eziphikisanayo zobuntu bakhe, akunakuphikwa ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe nokuzidela kwaba nendima ebalulekile ekulondolozweni kwama-gorilla asezintabeni, lawo, namuhla, aye anda ngenani ngenxa yemizamo yakhe yokuphayona.
Iminyaka yokugcina kanye nefa
Ngo-December 26, 1985, u-Dian Fossey wabulawa ngesihluku endlwaneni yakhe e-Karisoke, indawo ayechithe kuyo iminyaka embalwa edlule efunda ama-gorilla. Nakuba izimo eziqondile zokushona kwakhe ziseyimpicabadala, kusolwa ukuthi abazingeli bangase babe nesandla ngenxa yokumelana kukaFossey nolaka lwakhe. Watholwa enamanxeba ocelemba, uhlobo lwesikhali ayesiphuce umzingeli eminyakeni edlule.
UFossey wangcwatshwa eduze kwama-gorilla akhe amthandayo, okuhlanganisa ne-Digit, emathuneni ayewadale eKarisoke ukuze ahloniphe ama-gorilla abulawa abazingeli. Etsheni lakhe lethuna kuqoshwe umbhalo othi «Akekho owayethanda ama-gorilla kakhulu".
Ngo-1988, indaba yakhe yokuphila yenziwa ifilimu efilimini AmaGorila Enkungwini, edlala noSigourney Weaver, okwasiza ekwenzeni umsebenzi wakhe ubonakale nakakhulu kanye nokulwela ukongiwa kwama-gorilla asezintabeni.
Kuze kube namuhla, eyakhe ifa uyaqhubeka UDian Fossey Gorilla Fund International, inhlangano ezinikele ekuvikeleni ama-gorilla kanye nokukhuthaza ucwaningo lwesayensi endaweni yawo yemvelo. Ngenxa yemizamo yesisekelo kanye neqhaza labacwaningi nabalondolozi bemvelo phakathi neminyaka edlule, inani lamagorila asezintabeni liye lakhula kakhulu, okwenza kube ukuphela kwenkawu enkulu enamanani ayandayo.
Namuhla, umhlaba ukhumbula u-Dian Fossey hhayi kuphela ngefa lakhe elikhulu ekongiweni kwama-gorilla, kodwa nangengxabano nothando olwaluhambisana nempi yakhe. Izifundo zabo nokulwa kwabo ngokungakhathali kuye kwasindisa ama-gorilla ekuqothulweni okungenzeka, futhi indaba yawo iyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza labo abasebenzela ukulondoloza izilwane ezisengozini yokushabalala.
