La amandla we-geothermal, ekhishwe endaweni engaphansi komhlaba, ingenye yemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo esebenza kahle kakhulu, eqhubekayo futhi esetshenziswa ngokwandayo emhlabeni wonke. Lolu hlobo lwamandla lusebenzisa ukushisa kwangaphakathi komhlaba ukuze lukhiqize ukufudumeza, ukupholisa, futhi, kwezinye izimo, nogesi. Enye yezinzuzo zayo eziyinhloko ukuthi itholakala cishe noma kuphi, kungakhathaliseki isimo sezulu sangaphandle. Amandla we-Geothermal awusizo ikakhulukazi ekupholiseni izakhiwo ngokusebenzisa i- amaphampu okushisa e-geothermal, okunikeza ukushisa ebusika nokupholisa ehlobo.
Ukusebenza kokufakwa kwe-geothermal
Umgomo wokusebenza kokufakwa kwe-geothermal ulula kakhulu. Izinga lokushisa endaweni engaphansi komhlaba lihlala lingashintshile unyaka wonke, ngokuvamile lizungeze ama-degree angu-18 cishe ngamamitha angu-100-150 ukushona. Ebusika, ukushisa kukhishwa ngaphansi komhlaba futhi kudluliselwa esakhiweni ngokusebenzisa a iphampu yokushisa ye-geothermal. Ehlobo, inqubo iguqulwa: umoya oshisayo ovela esakhiweni udluliselwa ngaphansi komhlaba, usize ukupholisa ingaphakathi lesakhiwo.
Lesi simiso sisebenza kahle kakhulu, njengoba sisebenzisa ukusimama kokushisa kwenhlabathi engaphansi ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Uma kuqhathaniswa namasistimu avamile e-HVAC, ukufakwa kwe-geothermal kungonga kufika ku-70% ezindlekweni zokushisisa kanye no-50% ezindlekweni zokupholisa.
Isibonelo saseMadrid: Isakhiwo esiyonga kakhulu amandla
Isibonelo esicacile sokusetshenziswa kwalolu hlobo lwamandla esakhiweni esisesifundeni saseChamartín, eMadrid. Lesi sakhiwo esakhiwe endaweni endala ye-Municipal Urban Planning Management, sigqame kakhulu amandla e-geothermal angu-540 kW. Ngenxa yalokhu kufakwa, ikwazile ukweqa esinye isakhiwo edolobheni esisebenzisa amandla e- geothermal enamandla angu-430 kW.
Ukufeza lokhu kusebenza kahle, Ukwenza okungu-70 endaweni engaphansi, ifinyelela ekujuleni okungafika kumamitha ayi-130. Kulokhu kujula, izinga lokushisa lihlala lizinzile, liqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu unyaka wonke. Umakhi u-Alberto Rubini uqokomisa ukuthi amanzi ajikeleza ngomjikelezo ovaliwe, egcina ukushintshana okushisayo okuqhubekayo.
Ukufakwa kwe-Geothermal: Imininingwane yobuchwepheshe
I-Las amaphampu okushisa e-geothermal Ziyingxenye ebalulekile yokufakwa okunjalo. Lawa maphampu anesibopho sokudlulisa ukushisa kusuka phansi kuya esakhiweni futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Le nqubo isekelwe ekusetshenzisweni koketshezi olujikelezayo ohlelweni lwamapayipi agqitshwe ekujuleni okukhulu, okwaziwa ngokuthi i-circuit evaliwe. Lo mjikelezo uklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uketshezi lufinyelela izinga lokushisa elifanele (cishe ama-degree angu-18), lisebenzisa ithuba lokuzinza kokushisa kwenhlabathi engaphansi.
Endabeni yesakhiwo se-Chamartín, iphampu yokushisa itholakala engxenyeni engezansi yesakhiwo futhi isetshenziselwa kokubili ukunikeza ukushisa ebusika kanye nokupholisa ehlobo. Ngale ndlela, lesi sakhiwo siba omunye ukubonga esimeme kakhulu yayo umthelela ongekho ekukhishweni kwe-CO2, engaphansi ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-19 kunesakhiwo esivamile.
Izinzuzo zokufakwa kwe-geothermal
- Ukwehliswa kokukhishwa kwe-CO2: Lolu hlobo lwamandla luvuseleleka ngokuphelele futhi alukhiphi amagesi abamba ukushisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwawo.
- Ukonga ngokwezomnotho: Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kokufakwa kwe-geothermal kuphansi kakhulu kunokufakwa kwendabuko. Endabeni yesakhiwo se-Chamartín, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kungu-15 kWh/m2 kuphela uma kuqhathaniswa no-248 kWh/m2 ezakhiweni ezivamile.
- Impilo ende ewusizo: Izingxenye zokufakwa kwe-geothermal, ikakhulukazi amasistimu wokuqoqa, anempilo ewusizo efinyelela eminyakeni engama-50 noma ngaphezulu.
- Ukusimama sekukonke: Isakhiwo siklanywe nezinye izindlela ezifaka isandla ekusimameni kwaso, njengama-facade angena umoya kanye nezinto ezikwazi ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu.
Izibonelo ezengeziwe zokufakwa kwe-geothermal e-Madrid
Ngaphezu kwesakhiwo saseChamartín, iMadrid inezinye izibonelo eziningi eziyizifanekiselo ezikhethe amandla e-geothermal ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kakhudlwana. Phakathi kwalokhu kugqame Indlunkulu ye-BBVA eLas Tablas, enokufakwa kwe-geothermal ekwazi ukukhiqiza amandla angu-122 kW wamandla ashisayo. Lokhu kufakwa kube ukhiye ukuze isakhiwo sithole isitifiketi se-LEED, izinga lamazwe ngamazwe lezakhiwo ezisimeme.
Elinye icala eligqamile yileli lika I-Moncloa Mayor's College, lapho isistimu ye-geothermal air conditioning ifakiwe, ngaphezu kokuhlinzeka ngokufudumeza nomoya, inciphise kakhulu ukukhishwa kwe-CO2. Ngenxa yalesi simiso, ukonga kukagesi kuye kwafinyelelwa phezulu kakhulu kunezinye izakhiwo zasenyuvesi.
Umthelela wamandla we-geothermal ekuncishisweni kokukhipha intuthu
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okushisa komhlaba akumele nje kuphela ukonga umnotho, kodwa futhi kunomthelela omkhulu ekuncishisweni kwe Ukukhishwa kwe-CO2. Endabeni yaseMadrid, amandla e-geothermal azuze ukuncipha okukhulu kokukhipha intuthu ephuma endaweni yokuhlala. Ngokusho kwedatha evela eHhovisi Likahulumeni Lokushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu, umkhakha wezindawo zokuhlala eSpain unesibopho sokukhishwa kwesisi esingcolisa umoya esingu-9%.
I-Spain izibophezele ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwegesi ngama-30% ngo-2030 uma kuqhathaniswa namazinga ka-2005, ngokuhambisana neSivumelwano saseParis. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okushisa kwe-geothermal ezakhiweni zokuhlala kungenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokufeza lo mgomo.
Ngamafuphi, amandla e-geothermal ethulwa njengesixazululo esisebenzayo, esimeme futhi esinomnotho sokupholisa amabhilidi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusezindlini ezincane noma ezakhiweni ezinkulu, njengalezi zimo ezichazwe eMadrid, lobu buchwepheshe bunamandla amakhulu okufaka isandla ekukhishweni kwekhabhoni emkhakheni wezindawo zokuhlala futhi kuthuthukise izinga lempilo yabakhileyo.