Enkabeni yeGalicia, maphakathi nesifundazwe saseLugo, itholakala Izindonga, umasipala omncane oshintshe indlela izakhamuzi zawo ezibhekana ngayo nezindleko zamandla kagesi. Ngesihloko esinelukuluku, leli dolobhana liqanjwe abaningi njengendawo enogesi oshibhe kakhulu eSpain, futhi ukuhlolisisa umlando walo kusivumela ukuba siqonde ukuthi inhlanganisela yomoya, ubulungisa bezenhlalakahle kanye nezinqumo zezombusazwe ziwuguqule kanjani umnotho walo kanye nezinga lempilo. .
Imodeli yamandla esekelwe emoyeni
I-Muras iwumasipala wasemakhaya lapho kuhlala khona abantu abangu-668 kanye nezinjini zomoya ezingu-381, ubudlelwano, empeleni, obungabonakala bungalingani. Kusukela maphakathi nawo-90s, izinkampani zomoya ziye zabona izintaba ze-Serra do Xistral njengendawo ekahle yokufaka amapaki azo aphehla umoya, zisebenzisa ithuba lomoya onamandla futhi ongaguquki wakulesi sifunda. Izinkampani ezifana ne-Acciona, i-Iberdrola, i-Endesa ne-Norvento zenze ukuba khona okuqinile kule ndawo, zixhaphaza amapulazi omoya angu-20 asakazwa kuwo wonke amazwe ase-Muras.
Umthelela obonakalayo nomsindo wezigayo, nokho, awuzange wamukelwe kahle ngaso sonke isikhathi omakhelwane. “Izinzuzo zokukhiqiza la mandla akubathinti nhlobo omakhelwane, nakuba kuyibo ababehlushwa umsindo nomthelela obonakalayo,” kuchaza uManuel Requeijo, umphathi-dolobha waseMuras, oqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu kungalingani yikona okwakuyimbangela yalokhu. ngemuva kwesinyathelo sokuguqula imali yentela eyaqoqwa umkhandlu wedolobha ezinkampanini ezinkulu zikagesi ibe isinxephezelo sezakhamizi.
Ukuxhaswa ngezimali kwezikweletu zikagesi
Kusukela ngo-2016, i-Muras inikeze usizo kuzo zonke izakhamuzi zayo ezibhalisiwe ukuze zikwazi ukukhokhela ugesi wazo wasekhaya kanye namabhizinisi amancane, njengezindawo zokucima ukoma namapulazi emfuyo. Lolu xhaso lwezezimali luhlanganisa phakathi kuka-100% no-70% webhili kagesi, enekhava ephezulu yama-euro angu-500 ngonyaka emindenini enemali engenayo ephansi, okungukuthi, leyo engadluli ama-euro angu-9.500 ngonyaka.
Emakhaya anemiholo ephakeme, kukhona nezinxephezelo, nakuba ngezinga elincane. Usizo lulungiswa kancane kancane: kulabo abanemali engenayo ephakathi kuka-15.000 no-22.000 wama-euro ngonyaka, uxhaso lufinyelela kuma-euro angama-500, kanti imali engenayo ephakathi kuka-22.000 no-29.000 isibalo sehla saya kuma-euro angama-400, nama-euro angama-300 kulabo abeqa leyo ngxenye.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo (ama-SME) esifundeni nawo angazuza osizweni olufinyelela kuma-euro ayi-1.500 ngonyaka, inqobo nje uma ezothethelela izindleko zikagesi. Lolu hlelo losekelo lwathuthukiswa futhi ngesikhathi sodlame lwe-COVID-19, lapho amabhizinisi endawo ayebhekene nobunzima obukhulu bezomnotho.
Umthelela kubantu nasezimeni zomphakathi
Idolobha laseMuras nalo libhekene nenkinga enkulu yokuncipha kwabantu. Njengoba iningi labantu asebekhulile (cishe amaphesenti angu-60 ezakhamuzi zakhona zingaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala), iningi lemindeni engu-175 ecele ukusekelwa iyakujabulela. izikweletu zikagesi zamahhala noma amanani aphansi kakhulu, ekhokha kuphela u-10% wokusetshenziswa kwawo kwezinye izimo.
Naphezu kwalolu sizo, ufuduko lwasemaphandleni lusaqhubeka nokuba ngenye yezinkinga ezinkulu ezibhekene nedolobha, okuthe emashumini eminyaka amuva nje inani labantu bakhona lehla lisuka kubantu ababalelwa ku-1.200 ngo-1998 laya kwabangaphezudlwana kuka-600 namuhla. Ngaphandle kobubi bokushoda kwezingane ezifundayo, osekuholele ekutheni iXunta isongele ukuvalwa kwesikole sendawo, ukuguga kwabantu nakho kuletha izinselelo zomnotho, njengoba iningi lezakhamuzi zakhona zisahola kancane.
Umkhandlu wedolobha laseMuras, ngaphansi kobuholi beGalician Nationalist Bloc (BNG), ubhekane nalesi simo ngochungechunge lwezinhlelo, njengokuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda kagesi. Ngenxa yentela eqoqwe ezinkampanini zikagesi, izinsiza zabelwe ukuletha izintambo zikagesi ezindlini ezazisantula le nsizakalo eyisisekelo, okushodayo okwaphawuleka ikakhulukazi lapho kufakwa umshini ophehla ugesi wokuqala eminyakeni engu-20 edlule. Ukwenziwa ngcono kwegridi kagesi kuye kwavumela omakhelwane abanjengoGermán, udokotela ohlola izifo zamagciwane edolobhaneni lase-Baxín, ukuthi bathole ugesi ekhaya labo okokuqala ngqa.
Ibhizinisi lomoya: abazuzi nezingxabano
Ibhizinisi lamandla omoya nalo lishiye isamba esikhulu esikhwameni sikamasipala saseMuras. Umkhandlu wedolobha unesabelomali se-euro eyizigidi ezingu-1,7 ngonyaka wezi-2017, lapho izigidi ezingu-1,5 zivela emalini etholakala emapulazini omoya. Lesi sibalo sihlanganisa izintela ezifana ne-IBI (Real Estate Tax) kanye ne-IAE (Tax on Economic Activities), ehlanganisa isamba esingama-euro angu-900.000, kanti amanye ama-euro angu-535.000 avela eSikhwameni Sesinxephezelo Sezemvelo esiphethwe yi-Xunta de Galicia. ukuya ku-canon yomoya.
Nakuba umkhandlu wedolobha uhlomula ngale mali, iMeya uManuel Requeijo izwakalise ukukhathazeka ngokuthi abawine ngempela bayaqhubeka nokuba yizinkampani ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokwezilinganiso ze I-Galician Wind Observatory, Amapulazi omoya e-Muras enza inzuzo yonyaka esukela phakathi kwama-€70 nama-€90 wezigidi, kodwa amaphesenti amancane kuphela aleso sibalo abuyela emphakathini wendawo.
Naphezu kwezinzuzo zezomnotho, idolobhana liyaqhubeka nokulahlekelwa inani labantu, kuphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokusimama kwesikhathi eside kwemodeli yezomnotho esekelwe cishe emandleni omoya kuphela. Abezemvelo, njenge-Association for the Ecological Defense of Galicia, baye bazwakalisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nomthelela wemvelo wamapulazi omoya, begxeka ukuxhashazwa kwemithombo yemvelo ngaphandle kwesinxephezelo esicacile semiphakathi ethintekile.
Izinselelo zesikhathi esizayo kanye nokumisa ukuphuma kwasemaphandleni
Ngaphandle kwemali eqoqiwe, umkhandlu wedolobha laseMuras ucacile ukuthi inselelo yawo enkulu ukumisa ukwehla kwabantu nokugwema ukuvalwa kwezinsiza ezibalulekile njengesikole. Nakuba usizo lokusebenzisa ugesi luhehe eminye imindeni ukuthi icabange ukuthuthela eMuras, ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi ezinzile kanye nezindlu ezanele kwenze ukubamba lo mkhuba.
IMeya u-Requeijo igcizelele ukuthi isixazululo sesikhathi eside asigcini nje ngokunikeza izinzuzo zezomnotho, kodwa ekukhiqizeni intuthuko esimeme eheha ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezimboni nezabasebenzi. Khonamanjalo, umkhandlu usebenzisa izimali ezikhona ukuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda efana nezibani zomphakathi kanye namanethiwekhi amanzi, ukukhulisa izinga lempilo kubahlali bamanje.
Ekugcineni, uMuras uvule umnyango wenkulumompikiswano mayelana izindlela ezintsha zokuphatha izinzuzo zemithombo yemvelo. Nakuba amandla omoya engeke aguqule umhlaba ngokuphazima kweso, e-Muras kakade sekuyilethe impumuzo emindenini eminingi manje ekhokha ingxenye encane kunaleyo ebikhokha ngayo ugesi.