Umthelela wegesi yemvelo endaweni ezungezile
Ukusetshenziswa igesi yemvelo ikhula emhlabeni wonke. Lokhu kwanda kuqhutshwa ukutholwa okuqhubekayo kwezindawo ezintsha zegesi, okudala okulindelekile mayelana nokuxhashazwa kwazo esikhathini esifushane nesimaphakathi. Nokho, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi igesi yemvelo kuyinto insiza engavuseleleki, okusho ukuthi, lapho isisetshenzisiwe, imithombo yemvelo iyancipha ngaphandle kokuba nokwenzeka kokuvuselelwa ngezikhathi eziqhathaniswa nemijikelezo yomuntu.
Ezingeni lezimboni nezasekhaya, igesi yemvelo inezicelo eziningi, kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwayo njenge fuel ezezimoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yethulwa njengendlela ehlukile yamandla ahlanzekile uma iqhathaniswa namanye ama-fossil fuels njenge i-petroleum noma i amalahle, ngokukhipha isikhutha esincane (CO2) ngesikhathi sokuvutha.
Izinzuzo zemvelo zegesi yemvelo
Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zegesi yemvelo ngaphezulu uphethiloli wezinsalela njengamalahle ukuncishiswa kwesisi esingcolisa umoya. Igesi yemvelo ikhipha phakathi kuka-50% no-60% ngaphansi kwe-CO2 kunamalahle uma eshiswa, okwenza kube yindlela engabizi kangako emkhathini mayelana nokufudumala kwembulunga yonke.
Esinye isici esihle siwukuthi, nakuba igesi yemvelo inguphethiloli wezinto ezimbiwa phansi, ikhipha izinhlayiya zekhabhoni ezimbalwa kakhulu. isibabule y i-mercury, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi njengamalahle noma uwoyela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi igesi yemvelo idala izinkinga ezimbalwa ezihlobene ukungcola emkhathini oqondile.
Uma kucutshungulwa umthelela wegesi yemvelo ekungcoleni okuhlobene nezinto zokuhamba, igesi yemvelo ewuketshezi (LNG) noma igesi yemvelo ecindezelwe (CNG), esetshenziswa ezimotweni, iyindlela engcono ehlukile kumafutha endabuko afana nophethiloli. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-CNG ezimotweni kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi ayingozi njenge i-carbon monoxide futhi i ama-hydrocarbons, ngaleyo ndlela kube nesandla ekuthuthukisweni kwezinga lomoya emadolobheni amakhulu.
Imithelela engemihle yegesi yemvelo endaweni ezungezile
Naphezu kwezinzuzo zayo, igesi yemvelo ayikhululiwe emithelela emibi emvelweni. imvelo. Njengokukhipha uwoyela, scan y isizinda yegesi yemvelo ingaba nemiphumela elimazayo, ikakhulukazi uma indlela yokuhlola eyaziwa ngokuthi ukukhwabanisa noma i-hydraulic fracturing.
I-Fracking idala imifantu ekwakhekeni kwamatshe angaphansi komhlaba ukuze kwandiswe ukugeleza kwegesi phezulu. Le ndlela ayikwazi nje ukuhlanganisa izinqubo ukungcoliswa kwe-aquifer, kodwa kungase futhi kubangele ukuthuthumela futhi idla amanzi amaningi, abe esengcoliswa. Ngakho-ke, nakuba igesi yemvelo ingabhekwa njengehlanzekile kunamanye ama-fossil, ukuvuza i-methane kanye nemiphumela yesibambiso ye-fracking ikhathaza kakhulu imvelo.
Ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile kwemisebenzi yokukhipha igesi yemvelo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinjenge-Arctic noma i-Amazon, i ukugawulwa kwamahlathi futhi i ukuguqulwa kwezinhlelo zemvelo ezintekenteke. Ukwakhiwa okukhulu ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda njengamapayipi egesi, adingekayo ukuze kuthuthwe igesi, kuphinde kusho umthelela omkhulu kwezemvelo ohlobene nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala kanye nokuxoshwa kwemiphakathi yendawo.
Izingozi zempilo yabantu
Naphezu kwemizamo yokugcina igesi yemvelo ilawulwa ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwayo, kunezingozi ezikhona mayelana negesi Impilo yomuntu. Ngokwezifundo ze I-Harvard University kanye nezinye izikhungo zemfundo, igesi yezinto eziphilayo kulinganiselwa ukuthi izoba neqhaza elikhulu ekufeni kwabantu ngaphambi kwesikhathi emhlabeni wonke ngenxa izinhlayiya ezingcolisa.
Igesi yemvelo ishisa ihlanzekile kunamalahle noma uwoyela, kodwa isewumthombo ukungcoliswa komkhathi, ngokukhishwa kwama-nitrogen oxide angaba nemiphumela emibi yezempilo, njengezinkinga ukuphefumula y kwenhliziyo. Lokhu kukhishwa kuyinkinga ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemadolobheni lapho ukusetshenziswa kwegesi yemvelo ezindlini nasezimbonini kugxile kakhulu.
Ezinye izindlela zegesi yemvelo
Ngokuncipha kwemithombo yegesi yemvelo okulindeleke ukuthi kuqhubeke amashumi eminyaka ezayo, kubalulekile ukubheka ezinye izindlela ezingasetshenziswa. Enye yalezi zindlela ezihlukile yi- biogas, uphethiloli ovuselelekayo okhiqizwa ngezinto eziphilayo njengomquba nemfucuza yezolimo. Ngokungafani ne-fossil gas, i-biogas ivuselelwa njalo futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kunomthelela ekwehliseni ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa.
E-Spain, sekuvele kunezinhlelo ezibalulekile ezihlobene nokukhiqizwa kwe-biogas, nakuba zisalinganiselwe uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe. Ukunwetshwa kwalobu buchwepheshe kubalulekile ukuze kwehliswe izingozi zemvelo yokuncipha kwamafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi kanye neqhaza ekuguqukeni komnotho oluhlaza futhi osimeme.
Igesi yemvelo ingase ihlanzeke kunamalahle noma uwoyela, kodwa isenomthelela ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu futhi inomthelela omkhulu empilweni yabantu nasendaweni ezungezile. Kubalulekile ukucabangela imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo njenge i-solar, umoya o i-geothermal okuthi, lapho kuhlangene, kunganelisa izimfuno zamandla ngaphandle kwezingozi ezihlobene nezibaseli ezimbiwa phansi.