Abantu abaningi bakhathazekile nge- imvelo funa ukuthola imikhiqizo engasetshenzisiwe, ecabanga ukuthi lezi ngeke zibe nomthelela omubi kwezemvelo. Nokho, lokhu akulona iqiniso ngaso sonke isikhathi. Imibandela yokuthi i-biodegradability kanye ne-compostability ingadukisa uma izimo ezidingekayo zomkhiqizo obolayo uwohloke ngaphandle kwemiphumela eyingozi zingaqondwa kahle.
Kusho ukuthini ukuthi umkhiqizo ungaboli?
Ukuze umkhiqizo uthathwe njenge-biodegradable, kufanele ukwazi ukubola ube yizakhi eziyisisekelo ezifana namanzi, i-carbon dioxide kanye ne-biomass, ngenxa yesenzo sama-microorganisms nangaphansi kwezimo ezanele zokushisa, umswakama nomoya-mpilo. Kodwa-ke, isivinini kanye nokusebenza ngempumelelo kwenqubo ye-biodegradation kuyehluka kakhulu kuye ngendawo ezungezile. Isibonelo, umkhiqizo obola ngokwezimboni ungase ungehlisi ngokwenele endaweni yasekhaya noma endaweni eyodwa yokulahla imfucumfucu.
Isici esibalulekile ukutholakala kwe umoya-mpilo. Phakathi ku indawo yokulahla imfucumfucu engenawo umoya-mpilo, imikhiqizo ye-biodegradable ingabola ngokusebenzisa inqubo ye-anaerobic, okuholela ekukhululweni kwe i-methane, igesi elibamba ukushisa elinamandla kakhulu kune-carbon dioxide futhi elinomthelela omkhulu ku- ukufudumala kwezwe.
I-Biodegradability ngokumelene ne-compostability
Umqondo we ukuvunda Ivamise ukudidaniswa ne-biodegradability. Nakuba yonke imikhiqizo evundisiwe ingabola, akuwona wonke umkhiqizo obolayo ongavundiswa. Ukuze kubhekwe njenge-compostable, impahla kufanele ibole ngokushesha, endaweni elawulwayo, ngaphandle kokushiya izinsalela ezinobuthi noma ezibonakalayo.
Isibonelo, imikhiqizo ehambisana nendinganiso EN 13432, ngokuvamile egunyazwe amapulasitiki afakwa umquba, kufanele ehlise okungenani u-90% phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphansi kwezimo zezimboni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi akwanele ukuwaphonsa emgqonyeni kadoti: kumele abe ngaphansi izimo ezilawulwayo enomswakama ophezulu kanye nezinga lokushisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwenziwa komquba.
Ngokuphambene, imikhiqizo ebolayo ingathatha isikhathi eside ukubola, futhi izinsalela zayo zingaqhubeka isikhathi eside uma izimo zingafanelekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izikhwama ezibolayo noma izinto ezipakishwayo ezingaboli kahle emvelweni zingahlukana zibe yiziqephu. microplastics, eqhubeka nokungcolisa imvelo.
Igesi ye-methane kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemfucuza
El i-methane igesi Ingenye yemikhiqizo eyingozi kakhulu ebangelwa ukubola kwemfucuza yezinto eziphilayo ezindaweni zokulahla i-anaerobic. Le gesi yimbangela enkulu yokungcoliswa komoya kanye nomphumela we-greenhouse, oqhubeka ubhebhethekisa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, izitshalo eziphethwe kahle zingabamba i-methane ekhiqizwayo futhi ziyisebenzisele ukukhiqiza amandla avuselelweko. Inkinga ukuthi izindawo eziningi zokulahla imfucumfucu azinayo ingqalasizinda yokubamba la mandla, okwandisa umthelela omubi we-methane ekhishelwe emvelweni.
Ukuphathwa kwemfucuza okungekuhle: inselelo yomhlaba wonke
Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu emhlabeni wonke ukuphathwa kabi kwemfucuza. Ngokwezibalo, iphesenti elikhulu lemfucuza ebolayo iphelela ezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu noma ishiswe. Zombili lezi zindlela zikhiqiza ukungcola okuthinta umoya nekhwalithi yomhlabathi. Ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka, ukugaywa kabusha kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwemfucuza kuhlala kunomkhawulo, okubhebhethekisa izinkinga zempilo nezemvelo.
Ukushiswa kwale mfucumfucu kukhipha ubuthi obuhlukahlukene endaweni ezungezile, obungaba nemiphumela eyingozi empilweni yomuntu kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zendawo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu, uma zingalawulwa ngokwanele, zingagcwala ngokweqile, zikhiqize i-leachate enobuthi ehluza emanzini angaphansi komhlaba.
Singakwazi ukunciphisa udoti?
Isixazululo akukhona ukuthenga kuphela imikhiqizo engasetshenzisiwe, kodwa nasekufakeni ingcindezi enkulu eziphathimandleni ukuthi zisebenzise ukulawulwa kwemfucuza ngendlela efanele. Ngokufanelekile, imikhiqizo ebolayo kufanele yenziwe umquba ukuze ikhiqize Umanyolo we-organic, esikhundleni sokwehlisa isithunzi ezindaweni lapho ekhipha khona amagesi ayingozi njenge-methane.
Njengabathengi, singakwazi ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki neminye imikhiqizo esetshenziswa kanye. Ukukhetha okusebenziseka kabusha, okugaywa kabusha noma okunamandla eqiniso okuwohloka kwemvelo ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo kuwumnikelo omkhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ziyanda izinkampani ezibheja emisha ekupakisheni nasezitsheni ezinciphisa umthelela wemvelo.
Nakuba i-biodegradability kuyisinyathelo esiqonde endleleni efanele, ayikanele. Ukuze siguqule ngempela umthelela wendawo, sidinga ukweqa izinqumo zomuntu ngamunye futhi sibandakanye izinguquko zesistimu endleleni esikhiqiza ngayo, esiyisebenzisayo nesilahla ngayo imikhiqizo.
Kungumsebenzi wethu ukufuna ukuphathwa kahle kwemfucuza nokubamba iqhaza ekuhlukaniseni nasekusetshenzisweni kabusha kwayo. Kuphela ngokusebenzisa ezemvelo kanye nesibopho emphakathini singanciphisa umthelela wemfucuza endaweni ezungezile.