La imisebe yokudla, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-ionization, iyindlela esetshenziselwa ukunweba impilo yeshalofu futhi ithuthukise ukuphepha kwemikhiqizo yokudla. Iqukethe ukuveza ukudla emisebeni ye-ionizing, njenge imisebe ye-gamma, Ama-X-ray o ama-electron asheshayo. Lobu buchwepheshe bunomsuka wawo ngeminyaka yawo-1940, lapho buthuthukiswa ososayensi baseFrance, ukubhekana nezidingo zokugcinwa kokudla ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe. Ukudla okufakwe imisebe kungalondolozwa kangcono, kuthuthwe amabanga amade futhi kugcinwe isikhathi eside, ngenxa yokuqedwa kwama-microorganisms kanye nokuvimbela izinqubo ezifana nokuvuthwa noma ukuhluma.
Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi ungaphambanisi ne-irradiation ukungcola kwe-radioactive, njengoba ukudla okufakwe imisebe akubi nemisebe. Kuyindlela evunyelwe futhi elawulwa yiziphathimandla ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba, njenge I-World Health Organization (WHO) kanye I-FAO. Naphezu kwezinzuzo zako, ukushiswa kwemisebe kokudla nakho kuye kwaba yinkulumo-mpikiswano ngenxa yezingozi ezingase zibe khona empilweni, imvelo, nobuqotho bokudla.
Izinzuzo zemisebe yokudla
Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-irradiation yokudla ukuthi ivumela ukubhubhisa ama-microorganisms njengoba E. coli, I-Salmonella y I-Campylobacterium, okubangela izifo ezitholakala ekudleni. Lokhu kunomthelela omkhulu ekuvikelekeni kokudla emhlabeni jikelele. Ukwengeza, ukukhanya kugwema ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwamakhemikhali ukuze ukongiwe, isici esiziswa kakhulu umthengi oqaphelayo.
Ezingeni lokuhlela, le ndlela yenza kube lula ukuthuthwa kokudla amabanga amade. Ngokuvimbela ukuvuthwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nokumisa izinqubo ezinjengokonakala, ukudla kuhlala kukusha isikhathi eside; into ebalulekile ku ukuthekelisa lemikhiqizo ebolayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-irradiation ingasetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo kuhlanganise izithelo, imifino, inyama y inhlanzi, ngaleyo ndlela idlula ezinye izindlela zokulondoloza, njengokuqandisa, ezisetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo kuphela ezinhlotsheni ezithile zokudla.
Enye inzuzo ukuthi, njengoba ayithinti kakhulu inani lokudla yokudla, ivumela izinto zakhona eziningi ezibalulekile ukuthi zigcinwe isikhathi eside uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela, ezifana ne-pasteurization noma ukushisa okushisayo. I-FAO kanye ne-WHO bayaqinisekisa ukuthi ukushiswa kwemisebe kuphephile uma kusetshenziswa imithamo eyanele, njengoba kungakhiqizi izinsalela ekudleni.
Izingozi zemisebe
Naphezu kwezinzuzo zako, ezinye izinhlaka zomphakathi, kuhlanganise nezinhlangano zabathengi nezemvelo, ziye zazwakalisa ukukhathazeka ngemiphumela yemisebe empilweni nasekudleni. Enye yezimpikiswano okuxoxwe ngazo kakhulu ukuthi imisebe ye-ionizing ingakwazi bhubhisa amavithamini athile, njenge-vitamin C no-E, ethinta okuqukethwe okunomsoco kokudla, nakuba ngokusho kwe-EFSA kanye ne-FDA, imiphumela yabo macronutrients izinto ezibalulekile zincane.
Okunye okukhathazayo ukuthi, nakuba i-irradiation iqeda ama-microorganisms e-pathogenic, ayibhubhisi ubuthi ukuthi lezi zikhulule. Nakuba ukudla okufakwe imisebe kungase kubonakale kunempilo, kungafihla izimpawu zokonakala, kukhohlisa umthengi ukuba athenge ukudla okungakusha. Leli phuzu ligqamisa ukubaluleka kokungasebenzisi imisebe njenge-a indawo yenhlanzeko noma izindlela ezinhle zezolimo nezokukhiqiza.
Ucwaningo lwezilwane luye lwabikwa futhi luphakamisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kokudla okufakwe imisebe kungase kuhlotshaniswe nakho cáncer y izakhi zofuzo. Nakuba lokhu okutholakele kuphikisana futhi kungenasisekelo, kuye kwaphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokuthi ukushiswa kwemisebe kungashintsha ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana okudla ngezindlela eziyingozi. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonisa ukuthi imisebe ukudla nge okuqukethwe kwamafutha zingakhiqiza izinhlanganisela ezifana ama-cyclobutanones, ezibhekwa njengeziyingozi empilweni.
Izingozi emvelweni
Umthelela wemvelo wokushiswa kwemisebe yokudla awunakubukelwa phansi. Okuningi ukugxekwa kugxile ekusetshenzisweni kwezikhungo ezikhethekile ukuthi phatha imisebe ye-ionizing. Ukuthuthwa nokugcinwa kwezinto zenuzi, njenge I-Cobalt-60 noma i Cesium-137, esetshenziswa enqubeni, imele izingozi ezingaba khona njengokuvuza noma izingozi.
Ukwengeza, i-irradiation ingakhuthaza ukuthutha yokukhiqiza ezolimo, ukusiza ukungeniswa kwemikhiqizo evela ezifundeni lapho izindinganiso zemvelo futhi amalungelo abasebenzi ayaxega. Lokhu kungase kube nomthelela ekwandeni kwe uphawu lwekhabhoni ngokwandisa ezokuthutha zokudla emhlabeni wonke.
Yingakho kunxuswe ukuthi ukuthela imisebe kungabukwa njengendlela ezimele yokulondoloza ukudla, kodwa njengendlela yokuhambisana nezinye izindlela eziqhubekayo zokulima nokukhiqiza.
Naphezu kwezinselele, kube nocwaningo olubanzi eminyakeni engama-40 edlule oluhlola ubungozi kanye nezinzuzo zokushiswa kwemisebe. Ngokusho kwe I-Ejensi Yezokuphepha Kokudla yaseYurophu (EFSA), inqubo iphephile, futhi imikhiqizo efakwe imisebe ayivezi ingozi enkulu kunaleyo ephathwa ngezinye izinqubo.
I-irradiation yokudla iyithuluzi elinamandla lokulwa nezifo ezitholakala ekudleni, ukwelula impilo yeshelufu yemikhiqizo, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuvikeleka kokudla emhlabeni jikelele. Kodwa-ke, kufanele isetshenziswe ngokuqapha nangaphansi kokugadwa okuqinile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kulandelwa izindlela ezinhle zokulima nokukhiqiza. Njengoba ucwaningo luqhubeka, ukushiswa kwemisebe kusazoqhubeka kudingidwa, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngendlela efanele kungase kunikeze izixazululo ezibalulekile ezinkingeni zokongiwa kwemvelo ezweni eliya ngokuya lihlanganiswa nembulunga yonke.